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    Chapter 38

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    Anush Unanyan
    The document discusses several topics in physics including time dilation, length contraction, Lorentz transformations, particle decays, quantum transitions in hydrogen, and conservation laws. It provides examples of applying conservation of charge, baryon number, and lepton number to various particle decays. Violations of these conservation laws are used to determine which decays are physically possible.

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    Chapter 38

    Uploaded by

    Anush Unanyan
    13 views7 pages
    The document discusses several topics in physics including time dilation, length contraction, Lorentz transformations, particle decays, quantum transitions in hydrogen, and conservation laws. It provides examples of applying conservation of charge, baryon number, and lepton number to various particle decays. Violations of these conservation laws are used to determine which decays are physically possible.

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    The document discusses several topics in physics including time dilation, length contraction, Lorentz transformations, particle decays, quantum transitions in hydrogen, and conservation laws. It provides examples of applying conservation of charge, baryon number, and lepton number to various particle decays. Violations of these conservation laws are used to determine which decays are physically possible.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    13 views7 pages

    Chapter 38

    Uploaded by

    Anush Unanyan
    The document discusses several topics in physics including time dilation, length contraction, Lorentz transformations, particle decays, quantum transitions in hydrogen, and conservation laws. It provides examples of applying conservation of charge, baryon number, and lepton number to various particle decays. Violations of these conservation laws are used to determine which decays are physically possible.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Chapter 38: 38.1 <->38.9.

    Chapter 39: 39.1 39.2, 39.4, 39.5 39.6<-> 39.8,

    Chapter 40 Covers 40.1 <->40.4

    Chapter 41 :41.1<->41.2 41.3, 41.6.

    CHAPTER 44.1 <-> 44.10


    Suggest you look at Probs. 44.1, 44.4, 44.14, 44.15 re Final.
    CHAPTER 38
    1)A clock moving at speed 0.97 c reads 2:30 in the frame of the clock
    at the instant it is just passing us. Calculate the time on the clock
    and the distance traversed in both frameswhen the clock reads 5:00
    in our frame
    Tima Dilation
    The time between two events in not the same in inertial reference frames that are moving with
    respect to each other.
    time dilation is given to the phenomenon that an improper time measurement of the time
    between two events is larger than a proper time measurement of the time between the same two
    events.Clocks run slower in a moving frame compared to a stationary frame. That is why the
    time they measure between two events is longer than the time between the same two events
    where the clocks are stationary:

    where Δt0 is the time interval between the two events in the rest frame and is called the
    proper time. time interval measured in the rest frame.
    Δt the time interval measured by the moving observer.

     Since γ>1the time interval in the moving frame is greater than the proper time
    (time dilation).
     Length Contraction
     Length is also relative. The length of a moving object seen from an inertial reference
    frame at rest is:
    where l0 is the length of the object at rest, and is called the proper length.

     Since γ>1, the length in the moving frame is smaller than the proper length
    (length contraction)
     Length contraction can only happen along the direction of motion.

    Lorentz transformation

    Example: Alice and Bob, standing on the ground (frame S). Bob is in a car (frame S')
    moving with a velocity of 0.9c(90% of the speed of light) relative to the ground. Alice
    observes another car moving in front of her at a speed of 0.7c (70% of the speed of
    light).

    v′ is the velocity of the second car as measured by Bob

    v is the velocity of the second car relative to the ground (observed by Alice)

    u is the velocity of Bob's car relative to the ground,

    c is the speed of light


    2) A pi–meson (mass = 139.6 MeV/c2) decays into a mu–meson (mass=105.7
    MeV/c2) and a neutrino (mass = 0). Calculate the kinetic energies of the mu–
    meson and the neutrino in in the rest frame of the pi–meson.
    In this decay process, the total energy before and after the decay must be conserved.

    E 2= p2c2 + (mc2)2

    When the particle is at rest, p= 0, so E=Er=mc2.

    CHAPTER 39
    3) Cesium has a work function f = 1.9 eV.
    a) Find the threshold frequency of the emitted radiation. In what region of the spectrum
    does this radiation lie? b)If a Cesium photoelectrode is illuminated with light of
    frequency 8.2 ́ 1014 Hz, what is the stopping potential for the photoelectrons?
    CHAPTER 41
    4) Quantum mechanically, how long does it take for an electron to make
    the transition between the n = 2 and n = 1 states in Hydrogen?

    CHAPTER 44
    5) Test the following decays for violations of the conservation of energy,
    electric charge, baryon number and lepton number:

    Assume that linear momentum and angular momentum are


    conserved. State which
    conservation laws (if any) are violated in each decay.
    Theory:
    3 quark stuff baryons

    2 quark stuff mesons

    Lepton stuff

    Baryon number, B

    Baryon(protons and Not a baryon Anti-Baryon(anti -


    neutrons) proton)
    1 0 -1

    Example:

    p+n->p+p+p-

    1) Law of conservation of charge: +1 on both sides


    2) Baryon number: proton is 1, neutron is 1: 1+1->1+1-1

    2 does not equal 1, not possible.

    3 Lepton Number Rules: electrons pair up with neutrinos, muons with


    muon neutrino, tau particles with neutrino

    Lepton Not a lepton Anti-lepton


    1 0 -1

    Examples

    Beta decay:

    n-> p+beta+electron anti-neurtrino (ve)

    Charge: 0= 1-1+0

    Baryon number: 1=1+0+0


    Lepton number:0=0+1-1

    #2

    Charge:0-1->-1+x

    Lepton-electron number: 1+0=1+x

    Lepton-muon:0+1->0+x

    Muon neutrino

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