ST.

MARK COLLEGE OF BALIUAG, BULACAN, INC

JP. RIZAL ST. STA. BARBARA,
BALIUAG, BULACAN

 EXPERIMENTAL
 CHARLES DICKENS (1812-1870) OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
He was the most popular British author of the Is when the researchers reveal the details of
Victorian Age. Born in Portsmouth in southern how a variable is manipulated.
England, Dicken’s novels (like “Oliver Twist”)
depicted human nature and Victorian life. While his
novels entertained many, he also intended them as a  TECHNICAL DEFINITION
means of social reform. In his works, he exposed
the evil by-products of child labor, industrialization,
Is used to introduce, describe, or explain the
and mismanagement of institutions.
vocabulary or term of a particular field or
subject.
 OLIVER TWIST
 THREE TYPES OF TECHNICAL
Is a long work of narrative prose fiction. In
England the novel developed during the 18th
DEFINITION
century. But it was in the 19th century that
the novel came of age as a literary genre and
as a form of entertainment for the new 1. PARENTHETICAL
middle class. The excerpt from Oliver Twist DEFINITION
presented in the lesson was inspired by
Dickens’ experience as a 12-year-old boy This type of technical definition is
who worked in a warehouse pasting labels placed within parentheses in a sentence.
on pots of shoe blacking. The pain and
cruelties inflicted on the boys working in the Example #1:
workhouse were exposed by Dickens.
The haiku (an unrhymed Japanese poem
 TECHNICAL AND recording the essence of a moment
keenly perceived which is linked to
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS human nature) is the poetic form that
became prominent during the Tokugawa
Also called functional definition is a period.
researcher’s definition of the terms as used
in his or her study. The parenthetical definition enclosed
in parentheses answers the question
 MEASURED OPERATIONAL “What is haiku?”.
DEFINITION

States the way the concept is measured in

the study.
 ST. MARK COLLEGE OF BALIUAG, BULACAN, INC
JP. RIZAL ST. STA. BARBARA,
BALIUAG, BULACAN

Example #2 Example:

Like all flowers, the gumamela (Hibiscus rosa- Agaricus brunnescens (term) is an edible mushroom
sinensis) has five petals and a long central tube, as (class/category) that is very popular and can be
well as male and female organs for reproduction. bought in supermarkets. (details)

The writer places the scientific term for

gumamela in parentheses (the Latin name) because Using Technical Definitions to Set Research
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is not used universally. The Context
writer might have chosen Latin terminology
throughout the article but likely chose to use The current outbreak of the Ebola virus mainly
gumamela to make the article more accessible to affects the three West African countries of Guinea,
readers. Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Ebola virus disease is a
serious illness that originated in Africa. A person
infected with the Ebola virus typically develops a
Example #3 fever, headache, joint and muscle pain, a sore
throat, and intense muscle weakness.
Super typhoon Yolanda had maximum sustained
winds of 315 kilometers per hour (kph). Gusts were These sentences set the context for a research study.
estimated to have reached 380 kph.

In the above example, the parenthetical

definition is used to establish an abbreviation that 3. EXTENDED DEFINITIONS
will be used in what follows.
Frequently, writers use extended
definitions when they need to give more
than a mere formal definition. An
2. SENTENCE DEFINITION extended definition may explain a term’s
etymology or historical roots, describe
The formula below is commonly used in Sentence sensory characteristics of the term (how
Definitions. it looks, feels, sounds, tastes, or smells),
identify its parts, indicate how it is used,
TERM + CLASS/CATEGORY + explain what it is not, provide an
FEATURES/DTEAILS example for it, and/or note the
similarities and differences between this
term and other terms.
 ST. MARK COLLEGE OF BALIUAG, BULACAN, INC
JP. RIZAL ST. STA. BARBARA,
BALIUAG, BULACAN

TO PROVIDE AN EXTENDED CHARACTERISTICS OF AN

DEFINITION OF A TERM, USE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
THE FOLLOWING METHODS:
The following are the characteristics of an
argumentative essay.
1. Classify the different types that
belong to the term and describe each 1. The argumentative essay introduces and
type. explains the issue or case. The reader
needs to know what the issue is going to
2. Use comparisons and contrasts by be.
presenting how the subject is like or
unlike another subject. 2. The essay offers reasons, but it also has
to support these reasons. The essay
3. Show the cause/s and effect/s of the should prove its point.
term.
3. The essay, at times, refutes (proves
4. Mention the limitations or what the wrong) opposing arguments.
term is not.

5. Enumerate examples and analogies  PARTS OF AN

of the term. ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
6. Discuss the historical background of
the term.
1. INTRODUCTION
Visuals can support definitions, but these are
not requirements.
The first paragraph is the introductory
paragraph. It introduces the problem and
gives the background information necessary
 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY for the argument and the thesis statement.

An argumentative essay is a highly

persuasive and logical essay in which the
writer tries to convince the readers to agree
with his point of view.
 ST. MARK COLLEGE OF BALIUAG, BULACAN, INC
JP. RIZAL ST. STA. BARBARA,
BALIUAG, BULACAN

2. BODY

The body must provide arguments to

support the writer’s opinion. Each paragraph
is based on a solid reason to back the
opinion. Since almost all issues have sound
arguments on both sides of the question, a
good argumentative writer tries to anticipate
opposing viewpoints. One of the paragraphs
in the body should be used to discuss
opposing viewpoints and the writer’s
counter-argument. To help elaborate each
other argument, the writer must use
examples, real-life experiences, statistics, or
research. He can also give a scenario,
especially when he wants the readers to see
a different point of view.

3. CONCLUSION

A piece of argumentative essay

usually ends by summarizing the most
important details of the argument and stating
once again what reader is to: for or against.