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    Different Types of Sorghum

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    Meryana Linome
    This document provides an overview of sorghum diversity and classifications. It discusses the origins of sorghum in Northeast Africa around 8000 BC. Sorghum is grown in warm, semi-arid regions between 40 degrees north and south of the equator. There are botanical and usage-based classifications of sorghum. Botanically, sorghum is classified into races including bicolor, guinea, caudatum, kafir, and durra. Sorghum is also classified based on panicle structure and usage, including for grain, fodder, biomass, broomcorn, and sweet varieties. The document outlines traits and utilization of different sorghum types.

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    Different Types of Sorghum

    Uploaded by

    Meryana Linome
    29 views16 pages
    This document provides an overview of sorghum diversity and classifications. It discusses the origins of sorghum in Northeast Africa around 8000 BC. Sorghum is grown in warm, semi-arid regions between 40 degrees north and south of the equator. There are botanical and usage-based classifications of sorghum. Botanically, sorghum is classified into races including bicolor, guinea, caudatum, kafir, and durra. Sorghum is also classified based on panicle structure and usage, including for grain, fodder, biomass, broomcorn, and sweet varieties. The document outlines traits and utilization of different sorghum types.

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    This document provides an overview of sorghum diversity and classifications. It discusses the origins of sorghum in Northeast Africa around 8000 BC. Sorghum is grown in warm, semi-arid regions between 40 degrees north and south of the equator. There are botanical and usage-based classifications of sorghum. Botanically, sorghum is classified into races including bicolor, guinea, caudatum, kafir, and durra. Sorghum is also classified based on panicle structure and usage, including for grain, fodder, biomass, broomcorn, and sweet varieties. The document outlines traits and utilization of different sorghum types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views16 pages

    Different Types of Sorghum

    Uploaded by

    Meryana Linome
    This document provides an overview of sorghum diversity and classifications. It discusses the origins of sorghum in Northeast Africa around 8000 BC. Sorghum is grown in warm, semi-arid regions between 40 degrees north and south of the equator. There are botanical and usage-based classifications of sorghum. Botanically, sorghum is classified into races including bicolor, guinea, caudatum, kafir, and durra. Sorghum is also classified based on panicle structure and usage, including for grain, fodder, biomass, broomcorn, and sweet varieties. The document outlines traits and utilization of different sorghum types.

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    DIVERSITY of SORGHUM

    Dr. Magdalena Buschmann


    KWS

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    SORGHUM ORIGIN
     Sorghum is from the family POACEAE
     Sorghum has it’s origin in Northeastern Africa
    as a wild plant
     Earliest known record of sorghum comes from
    Egyptian-Sudanese border and had been dated
    at 8.000 B.C.
     Sorghum belt is between 40 degrees North and
    40 degrees South of the equator, in warm and
    hot countries characteristic for semi arid
    environment
     Sorghum is usually grown in areas that are too
    hot and dry for maize
     Over 50% of World sorghum varieties are
    hybrid, the lowest concentration of hybrid
    varieties is in Africa
     Hybrid production system is CMS

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    SORGHUM CLASSIFICATIONS

     Botanical classification
     Classification according usage

    What do we see in the picture?

    Source: KWS

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    SORGHUM TAXONOMY
    Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
     a tropical grass grown primarily in semiarid
    parts of the world, particularly in Africa, India
    and Asia, where it is an important staple food
    crop. It is a member of the family Poaceae
    and the tribe Andropogoneae, of which there
    are three main species:

     S. bicolor - diploid (2n=20) all annual


    and domesticated types, including
    stabilized weedy derivatives such as
    Sudangrass. Widely distributed.
     S. halepense - Johnsongrass.
    Tetraploid, native perennial of southern
    Eurasia, east to India.
     S. propinquum - Diploid, native
    perennial of Sri Lanka and southern
    Source:Cirad
    India.
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    BOTANICAL RACES OF CULTIVATED RACES OF S. BICOLOR
    SSP BICOLOR

    I. Basic races: II. Intermediate races: (all combinations of


    basic races)
     bicolor (B)
     guinea (G) - Sudanian area  guinea-bicolor (GB)
     caudatum (C) – Eastern Africa  caudatum-bicolor (CB)
     kafir (K) – South Africa, mainly short  kafir-bicolor (KB)
    plants  durra-bicolor (DB)
     durra (D) - East Africa, Middle East and  guinea-caudatum (GC)
    India  guinea-kafir (GK)
     guinea-durra (GD)
     kafir-caudatum (KC)
     durra-caudatum (DC)
     kafir-durra (KD)

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    BOTANICAL RACES OF WILD SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR
    SSP VERTICILLIFLORUM)

    III. Wild sorghum races: S. bicolor ssp


    arundinaceum.

     arundinaceum
     aethiopicum
     virgatum
     verticilliflorum

    (courtesy of J Hancock: Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species; art work
    by Marlene Cameron)

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    RACES OF SORGHUM BICOLOR - PANICLE TYPES

    Source: KWS

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    TAXONOMY OF SORGHUM TYPES USED IN AGRICULTURE
     Sorghum
    sudanense
    S. bicolor x S. sudanense S. bicolor ssp. bicolor S. bicolor ssp. bicolor
     Sorghum bicolor x
    Sorghum
    sudanense

     Sorghum bicolor x
    Sorghum Bicolor
    slight tillering type
    with diverse directions
    of usage:

     Sugar type
     Forage type for
    silage
     BMR
     Grain type Source: KWS

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    SORGHUM PANICLE TYPES - OPENESS

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    MAIN TRAITS OF BICOLOR TYPE

     Almost no tillering
     Broad leaves
     Robust stem
     Lower sowing density

     Differences also according genetic origin or variety type


     Closed panicles = Potentially of high sugar content
     Broomcorn panicles = high yield potential and high lignin
    content
     Kaoliang = good cold tolerance and earliness

    Sorghum Bicolor x Sorghum Bicolor


    Source: KWS

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    MAIN CARACTER OF SUDANENSE TYPES

     Tillers – depending on type – sudanense pure has more


    tillers than crossing with Bicolor
     thin leaves
     thin stem
     Higher sowing density
     Weak to normal standability
     Weaker yield potential
     Earliness
     Good cold tolerance

    Sorghum Bicolor x Sorghum Sudanense


    Source: KWS

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    SEGMENTATION ACCORDING USAGE
    BIOMASS SORGHUM SWEET SORGHUM

    FORAGE SORGHUM

    Source: http://grao.cnpms.embrapa.br

    Source: http://www.heritageseeds.com.au

    Source: KWS, Buschmann


    DUAL TYPES SORGHUM
    MULTICUT
    GRAIN SORGHUM SORGHUM

    Source: http://oklahoma4h.okstate.edu
    Source: KWS, Buschmann
    Source:BBF Project

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    UTILISATION OF SORGHUM NON GRAIN TYPES

     Biomass sorghum (including dual


    types)
     Biogas plants  Energy
     Combustion plants  Energy
     Feed
     Broom sorghum
     Forage sorghum (including BMR types)
     Feed as fresh forage
     Feed as hay
     Multicut Sorghum
     PPS Sorghum
     Sweet sorghum
     Feed
     Bioethanol productions
    Source: http://sirak.rs/hu/ciroksepru-forgalmazasa Source:Cirad
     Sweeteners (Syrup, molasse, sugar)
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    BMR TYPE OF SORHUM

     High sugar content


     Lower Lignin content (about 40- main markers
    60 % of normal biomass
    sorghum)
     Lower standability
     High digestibility
     High methane formation

    Source: KWS

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    UTILISATION OF SORGHUM GRAIN TYPES

     Grain sorghum
     Feed
     Food
     Tanin containing sorghum - alcohol production – e.g.
    Baijiu in China or beer
     Tanin free sorghum - dry milling products and non gluten
    food products e.g. bread, flakes, pasta, puffs, crisps and
    chips
     Bioethanol production

    Source: https://nulifemarket.com

    Source: https://nulifemarket.com

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    Thank you for your
    attention!

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