Unit 6.

ENDANGERED SPECIES
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
1. A. commercial B. habitat C. approach D. impressive
2. A. descend B. explore C. profession D. altitude
3. A. curriculum B. parabolic C. ecology D. authority
4. A. astronomic B. emergency C. experiment D. collaborate
5. A. biodiversity B. evolutionary C. ecologically D. biologically
6. A. simulated B. environment C. missionary D. spacewalk
7. A. observatory B. historical C. activity D. vulnerable
8. A. endangered B. surface C. survival D. extinction
9. A. discovery B. survival C. vulnerable D. traditional
10. A. deforestation B. conservationist C. trainee D. biological
II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. teach B. dead C. reach D. team
2. A. campaign B. horn C. rhino D. extinct
3. A. call B. curtain C. contain D. city
4. A. enclosure B. conservation C. species D. nest
5. A. your B. four C. court D. hour
6. A. nesting B. shellfish C. reserve D. elephant
7. A. door B. mood C. shoot D. hood
8. A. endangered B. evolution C. extinct D. extinguish
9. A. sun B. sure C. seen D. sort
10. A. habitat B. dragon C. mammal D. danger
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. Hundreds of thousands of elephants were illegally poached and their tusks sold for profits.
A. conserved B. preserved C. captured D. hunted
2. When the forest disappears, so too will Indonesia's rich biological diversity be effected and disappear
forever.
A. variety B. direction C. similarity D. closeness
3. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient attention to and investment in its conservation.
A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction
A Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.
A. well-protected B. immune C. susceptible D. shielded
5. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinction and
population crashes.
A. reservation B. protection C. threat D. disappearance
6. Saving endangered species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our
children.
A. resistant B. dangerous C. threatened D. preserved
7. The domestic dog is thought to have evolved from the wolf.
A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed
8. The main threat to the survival of these creatures come from their loss of habitat.
A. usual behaviour B. favourite activity C. place of living D. rituals
9. They are too rare and valuable a bird to be hawked about with the rest of your menagerie.
A. in small numbers B. real C. half-cock D. not done properly
10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their predators
instead of cows.
A. money reserve B. booking reservation C. a protected area D. an emergency fund
II. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions.
A. remain alive B. persist C. get through D. lose their lives
2. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the
environment.
A. benefit B. destruction C. devastation D. extinction
3. Severe weather conditions can also reduce population numbers because animals tend to have fewer
offspring.
A. alarming B. grave C. dreadful D. mild
4. The dunes harbor a number of freshwater lakes abundant in wildlife.
A. plentiful B. lavish C. bountiful D. scarce
5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area.
A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying
C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos
6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century.
A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact
7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing.
A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at
8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.
A. participate B. leave C. take part D. enjoy
9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians.
A. cut up B. put up C. continue D. use up
10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin.
A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy D. clean off
III. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. ____ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with
their environment
A. Biology B. Biological C. Biologist D. Biologically
2. A/ an ____ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment
3. Besides, several programmes should be ____ that spreads the world of the conservation of the
elephants in the public.
A. told B. used C. operated D. introduced
4. Cheetah's tail is ____ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast and sudden
turns which happen often when the prey tries to escape.
A. essential B. basic C. adequate D. sufficient
5. People should be told about the things that threaten the safety of ____ so that they can avoid doing
them.
A. the wild B. wildness C. wild life D. wildlife
6. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for
agriculture.
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
7. The more you talk about the situation, ____.
A. it seems worse B. the worse it seems C. the worse does it seem D. it seems the
worse
8. ____ the Sun is, ____ the shadow is.
A. The higher / the low B. The more high/ the more low
C. The higher / the lower D. The more higher / the more lower
9. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying
10. By December next year, we ____ in this house for twenty years.
A. will have lived B. have lived C. will live D. had live
11. ____ it is, ____ miserable I feel.
A. The hotter / more B. The hotter / the more
C. The more hotter / the more D. The more hot / the more
12. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient ____ to and investment in its conservation.
A. interest B. attention C. care D. treatment
13. The better the weather is, ____.
A. the beaches get the more crowded B. the beaches get the most crowded
 C. the most crowded the beaches get D. the more crowded the beaches get
14. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
A. organization B. contamination C. protection D. damage
15. Species become extinct or endangered for ____ number of reasons, but ____ primary cause is the
destruction of habitat by human activities.
A. Ø/ a B. a/ the C. the/ a D. Ø/ Ø
16. I think I ____ my door key. I can't find it anywhere.
A. will have lost B. am losing C. have lost D. will lose
17. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal ____.
A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protector
18. Probability of extinction depends ____ both the population size and fine details of the population
demography.
A. on B. in C. from D. for
19. Many modern medicines are derived ____ plants and animals.
A. on B. for C. from D. in
20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the ____ of
extinction.
A. wall B. fence C. verge D. bridge
21. Saving ____ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangering D. endangered
22. The more she practices, ____ she becomes.
A. the greater confidence B. more confidently C. the more confident D. the most
confident
23. The older you are, ____.
A. the more you may become worried B. the more worried you may become
C. the more worry you may become D. you may become more worried
24. Mr. Edwards ____ history for 35 years, and is retiring soon.
A. teaches B. will have taught C. taught D. has been teaching
25. It is high time we had to ____ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A. take B. bring C. hold D. use
26. Many ____ groups now support putting a value on ecosystems.
A. conserve B. conservative C. endangering D. endangered
27.15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ____ risk ____
extinction.
A. at / of B. on / in C. for / with D. in / at
28. Internationally, 189 countries have signed ____ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to
protect endangered and other threatened species.
A. а B. an C. the D. Ø
29. I'm tired. I ____ the house since 9 this morning.
A. am cleaning B. will have cleaned C. had been cleaning D. have been cleaning
30. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ____ the loss of biodiversity
A. with B. at C. in D. for
C. READING
I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (1) ____ governmental organization
for the (2) ____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (3) ____ as a
charitable trust on September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It
was an initiative of Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson.
It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (4) ____
worldwide, working in more (5) ____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental
projects around the world. It is a charity, with (6) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary. (7)
____ by private individuals and businesses.
The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (8) ____ of our environment". Currently,
much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's
biodiversity: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also
concerned (9) ____ endangered species, pollution, and climate change. The organization (10) ____ more
than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few years, the organization set up offices and operations
around the world.
1. A. non B. not C. no D. nor
2. A. challenge B. keeping C. conservation D. awareness
3. A. produced B. discovered C. used D. formed
4. A. supporters B. residents C. inhabitants D. citizens
5. A. as B. than C. to D. as to
6. A. generally B. individually C. commercially D. approximately
7. A. deposits B. donations C. refunds D. loans
8. A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destroyed
9. A. on B. by C. with D. upon
10. A. goes B. walks C. reaches D. runs
II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the
panda or whooping crane. However, we would like to encourage you to think about (1) ____ in a broader
context. It is (2) ____, the physical places where species live and interact with one another. Although the
development of special breeding programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in
some cases, it is clearly not (3) ____ answer to the global problem. Indeed, (4) ____ we are able to
protect natural areas where endangered species actually live, they have no future.
Species become endangered for a wide (5) ____ of reasons. By analyzing and grouping many
individual cases, however, we find the same broad causes (6) ____ again and again. They are Habitat
Destruction, Exotic
Species, and Overexploitation. Among other factors threatening particular species are limited:
distribution, disease, and pollution. Limited distributions are often a consequence of other threats:
populations confined to one or a few small areas because of habitat (7) ____, for example, may be
disastrously affected by random factors. Diseases can have severe (8) ____ on species lacking natural
genetic protections against particular pathogens, like the rabies and canine distemper viruses that are
currently devastating carnivore populations in East Africa. Domestic animals are usually the reservoirs of
these and other diseases affecting wild (9) ____, showing once again that human activities lie at the root
of most causes of endangerment. Pollution has seriously done harm (10) ____ number of terrestrial
species, although species living in freshwater and marine ecosystems are also suffering.
1. A. development B. endangerment C. pollution D. contamination
2. A. plants B. conservations C. habitats D. organizations
3. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
4. A. so B. but C. if D. unless
5. A. variety B. commerce C. extinction D. destruction
6. A. expressing B. showing C. disappearing D. appearing
7. A. benefit B. reserve C. loss D. gone
8. A. impact B. interest C. infection D. absorption
9. A. needs B. populations C. natures D. medicines
10. A. to B. for C. with D. at
III. Read the text. Use the information in the story to answer the questions below by choosing the
best answer A, B, C or D.
Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become
extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the
jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will
become extinct.
What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused
almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain
but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of
extinction Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the
world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival -
and the survival of our planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries,
in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animals’ reserves. They
then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also
depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols
to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott
of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent
animals from being hunted and killed.
1. The word "callousness" could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. incompetence B. indirectness C. insensitivity D. independence
2. The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast ____.
A. A comparison and a contrast B. A problem and a solution
C. A statement and an illustration D. Specific and general information
3. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Endangered species B. Problems with industrialization
C. The Bengal tiger D. International boycotts
4. The word "poachers" could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. Concerned scientists B. Enterprising researchers
C. Illegal hunters D. Trained hunters
5. What does the word "this" refer to in the passage?
A. Bengal tiger B. Interest in material gain
C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction D. The decrease in the Bengal tiger
population
6. Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction?
A. Lines 5-7 B. Lines 7-9 C. Lines 10-16 D. Lines 1-3
7. What does the term "international boycott" refer to?
A. A global increase in animal survival
B. A refusal to buy animal products worldwide
C. Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks
D. Buying and selling of animal products overseas
6. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude?
A. indifferent B. forgiving C. concerned D. surprised
9. Which of the following could best replace the word "allocated"?
A. set aside B. combined C. taken D. organized
10. The word "defray" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. make a payment on B. make an investment toward
C. raise D. lower
IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming,
Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers
blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they
live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward
higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too
warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or
farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems,
such as those found in polar and mountainous regions, are especially at risk because migration to new
habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already
threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go.
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have
estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of
further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and
animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to
adjust quickly enough and may disappear.
Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global
warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to
the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to
widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also increasing carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses
ocean ecosystems.
1. The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 most probably means ____.
A. very large B. easily damaged C. rather strong D. pretty hard
2. The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ____.
A. the water absorption of coral reefs. B. the quick growth of marine mammals.
C. the blooming phase of sea weeds. D. the slow death of coral reefs.
3. The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ____.
A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the oceans
B. the decrease of acidity of the pole
C. the extinction of species in coastal areas
D. the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the oceans
4. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Influence of climate changes on human B. Effects of global warming on animals and
C. Global warming and possible solutions D. Global warming and species
5. Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ____.
A. die instantly B. bloom earlier C. become lighter D. lose color
6. According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animalist tend to move ____.
A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower
B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher
C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower
D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher
7. The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas
8. The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. the frozen water in the Artie. B. the violent Arctic Ocean.
B. the melting ice in the Arctic. D. the cold ice in the Arctic.
9. It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees____.
A. half of the earth's surface would be B. the sea level would rise by 20
C. water supply would decrease by 50 D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become
10. According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ____.
A. they may be endangered B. they can begin to develop
C. they will certainly need water. D. they move to tropical forests.
TEST YOURSELF
I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. chemical B. which C. change D. each
2. A. attitude B. survive C. introduce D. human
3. A protect B. commercial C. construction D. climate
4. A. endangered B. destroyed C. damaged D. provided
5. A. medicine B. priority C. crisis D. primary
II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
1 A disappearance B. vulnerable C. conservation D. generation
2. A ability B. agriculture C. development D. contaminate
3. A. current B. global C. crisis D. mankind
4. A. temperature B. serious C. awareness D. chemical
5. A government B. agency C. benefit D. diversity
III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word.
1. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting ____
world's wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
2. At the end of this month, we ____ here for ten years.
A. are living B. live C. will be living D. will have been living
3. Loss of habitat and increased commercial hunt ____ the number of chimpanzees from 2 million to
300,000 individuals.
A. reduced B. lessened C. weakened D. limited
4. Baby Komodo dragons will live on the trees from the moment they are born ____ adult ones can't
climb and eat them.
A. so B. therefore C. although D. because
5. Since ____ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for ____ food and other products has caused
numerous species to become extinct or endangered.
A. the/ a B. the/ Ø C. Ø/ the D. the/ the
6. By the time you finish cooking they ____ their homework.
A. will have done B. are doing C. have been doing D. have done
7. The more a car costs, ____ it goes.
A. faster B. the faster C. the more fast D. the more faster
8. The younger you are, ____ it is to learn.
A. easier B. you are easier C. the easier D. the easy
9. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife ____.
A. prosperous B. prefect C. vulnerable D. remained
10. ____ is the protection of environment and natural resources.
A. Survival B. Commerce C. Conservation D. Extinction
11. The number of working women in our country ____ from 49% in 1980 to nearly 65% nowadays.
A. has been increasing B. has increased C. is increasing D. will have increased
12. WWF is ____ leading privately supported international conservation organization in the world, and
has sponsored more than 2,000 projects in 116 countries.
A. а B. an C. the D. Ø
13. The saola is threatened primarily by hunting, rather than ____.
A. habitual loss B. loss of life C. habitation loss D. habitat loss
14. Illegal hunting in Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana, puts African elephants ____ of extinction.
A. in the verge B. on the verge C. on brink D. in brink
15. Many nations have laws offering protection to these species, such as forbidding hunting, restricting
land development or creating ____.
A. agencies B. reserves C. awareness D. challenges
16. ____ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment.
A. Biodiversity B. Conservation C. Globe D. Individual
17. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species ____ extinction.
A. from B. in C. for D. on
18. Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more
desirable for collectors and poachers.
A. awareness B. preservation C. support D. impact
19. By the year 2050, many people currently employed ____ their jobs.
A. have lost B. will be losing C. will have lost D. are losing
20. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized ____ a serious
threat ____ extinction.
A. as/ of B. to/ for C. over/ with D. upon/ at
21. We all hope that the dispute ____ by the end of the month.
A. was going to solve. B. will have been solved C. had been solved D. is supposed to
solve
22. They ____ the new bridge by the end of the year.
A. will complete B. will have completed C. have completed D. had been
completing
23. ____ we finish the project, ____ we can start the next one.
A. The soonest/ the sooner B. The sooner/ the most soon
C. The sooner/ the sooner D. The soonest/ the soonest
24. ____ I forget, ____ I know.
A. The more/ the less B. The more/ the little
C. The many/ the less D. The many/ the little
25. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. extinctly
26. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat ____ and
degradation are the leading threats.
 A. destroy B. destructive C. destructor D. destruction
27. By the time you come back, I ____ my assignments.
A. will finish B. will be finishing C. have finished D. will have finished
28. World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to do the mission of the preservation of biological diversity,
sustainable use of natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
A. contamination B. energy C. extinction D. development
29. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than ___ rates found in the fossil record.
A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturalness
30. She ____ two miles and a half, and now she feels exhausted.
A. will have run B. was running C. has run D. has been running
31. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
A. reserve B. generation C. diversity D. natural environment
32. It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely
populated, such as much of Asia and Africa.
A. disappeared B. increased C. threatened D. reduced
33. Chimpanzees ____ kisses, hugs, touches in their community and use complicated system of sounds to
communicate.
A. transfer B. transmit C. exchange D. perform
IV. Error Identification.
1. Species become extinct or endangerment for a number of reasons but the primary cause is the
A B
destruction of habitat by human activities.
C D
2. Although species evolve differently, most of them adapt to a specific habitat or environment that best
A B C
meets their survive needs.
D
3. Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive.
A B C D
4. Such human activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization,
A B C
and road and dam construction has destroyed or seriously damaged available habitats.
D
5. Habitat fragmentation have caused plant and animal species in the remaining islands of habitat to lose
A B C
contact with others of their own kind.
D
V. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.
Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future
because they have been (1) ____ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are
found nowhere else in the world but they are (2) ____ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs,
rodents and non- (3) ____ plants.
The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4) ____ the extinction of the 182 rare
Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5) ____. Since 1990, (6) ____ a result
of their ‘Plant Extinction Prevention Program’, sixteen species have been brought into (7) ____ and three
species have been reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in
order to (8) ____ plants in the wild.
In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9) ____ collecting genetic material
from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage
wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (10) ____.
1. A. disappeared B. reduced C. increased D. developed
2. A. guarded B. invested C. conserved D. threatened
3. A. nation B. native C. national D. nationally
4. A. prevent B. encourage C. stimulate D. influence
5. A. wild B. atmosphere C. hole D. sky
6. A. so B. due C. as D. but
7. A. contamination B. production C. cultivation D. generation
8. A. derive B. vary C. remain D. protect
9. A. at B. for C. with D. on
10. A. shelters B. reserves C. gardens D. halls
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous to North America, was once in danger of
extinction. In the 1960s, scientists discovered byproducts of the pesticide DDT in the birds' eggs, which
caused them to be too soft to survive. The use of the pesticide had been 5 banned in the United States, but
the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used. In order to increase
the survival rate, scientists were raising the birds in laboratories and then releasing them into mountainous
areas. This practice achieved only moderate success, however, because many of the birds raised 10 in
captivity could not survive in the wild.
There is now, however, a new alternative to releases in the wild. A falcon that has been given the
name Scarlett chose to make her home on a ledge of the 33rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office 15
building rather than in the wild, and, to the surprise of the scientists, she has managed to live quite well in
the city. Following this example, programs have been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into cities
rather than into their natural wild habitat. These urban releases are becoming a common way to strengthen
the species. Urban homes 20 have several benefits for the birds that wild spots do not. First, there is an
abundance of pigeons and small birds as food sources The peregrine in the city is also protected from its
main predator, the great homed owl. Urban release programs have been very successful in reestablishing
the peregrine falcons along the East Coast. Though 25 they are still an endangered species, their numbers
increased from about 60 nesting pairs in 1975 to about 700 pairs in 1992. In another decade the species
may flourish again, this time without human help.
1. As used in paragraph 2, the word "spots" could best be replaced by ____.
A. places B. dilemmas C. jungles D. materials
2. According to the passage, where have the release programs been the most successful?
A. in office buildings B. on the East Coast C. in mountainous areas D. in
the wild
3. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. survival of peregrine falcons B. releases into the wild
C. endangered species D. harmful effects of pesticides
4. The word "ledge" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. window B. wall C. terrace D. shelf
5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason why a falcon might choose to live in
a city?
A. There are high places to nest. B. There are other falcons nearby
C. There is a lack of predators. D. There is abundant food.
6. In line 1, the phrase "indigenous to" could be best replaced by ____.
A. typical of B. protected by C. adapted to D. native to
7. The word "releases" as used in paragraph 2most probably means ____.
A. internment B. regression C. distribution D. possessions
8. According to the passage, which of the following are the falcon's main predators?
A. pigeons B. rattlesnakes C. owls D. humans
9. The word "byproducts" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. derivatives B. proceeds C. chemicals D. elements
10. Why were the peregrine falcons in danger?
A. because of pesticides used by American farmers
B. because they migrated to countries where their eggs could not survive
C. because they ate birds from other countries where DDT was still used
D. because they were prized by hunters and hunted to near extinction
VII. Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given.
1. everyone/ pick up/ one piece of trash/ a day/ about 6.6 billion pieces less
A. If everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there would be about 6.6 billion pieces less.
B. When everyone will pick up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces would be less.
C. Because everyone picks up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces is less.
D. Unless everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there will be about 6.6 billion pieces less.
2. environmental education/ help/ spread/ environmental awareness/ share practical techniques/ solve the
environmental problems
A. Environmental education to help for spreading environmental awareness and sharing- practical
techniques to solve the environmental problems.
B. Because environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical
techniques to solve the environmental problems.
C. Environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical
techniques to solve the environmental problems.
D. Environmental education that helps to spread environmental awareness and sharing practical
techniques to solve the environmental problems.
3. you/ conserve energy/ go to school or to work by bus/ turn off your electric devices/ you are not
using them A. As you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and so turn
off your electric devices when you are not using them.
B. If you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus together with turn off your
electric devices when you are not using them.
C. Suppose you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric
devices when you are not using them.
D. When you want to conserve energy, you needn't go to school or to work by bus and turn off
your electric devices when you are not using them.
4. we/ dependent/ nature/ cannot survive ourselves/ without wildlife
A. As we are dependent on nature and we cannot survive ourselves without wildlife.
B. We dependent on nature and therefore cannot survive ourselves without wildlife.
C. We are dependent on nature and so cannot survive ourselves without wildlife.
D. We are dependent on nature and cannot survive ourselves without wildlife.
5. we/ engage/ individuals/ appreciate nature/ the relationship/ they have with wildlife
A. We should engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship that they have with
wildlife.
B. We might engage individuals for appreciating nature and the relationship that they have with
wildlife.
C. We must engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship when they have with
wildlife.
D. We need engaging individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship which they have with
wildlife.