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DESIGN AND ANALYSYS

OF STRAIGHT AND CURVED FINS

An Internal Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by

S. GOWTHAM 318126520049
V. HARISH NAIDU 318126520056
V. JAYA KRISHNA 318126520057
A. RAVI TEJA 318126520005
M.MANISH KUMAR 318126520027

Under the Esteemed Guidance of


Prof.T.V.HANUMANTHA RAO, M.Tech, Ph.D., F.I.E

Mr. J. V BHANUTEJ, MTech, (Ph.D.)

Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ANIL NEERUKONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES(A)

(Affiliated to Andhra University, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NBA, NAAC)

SANGIVALASA, VISAKHAPATNAM (District) – 531162.

2022
ANIL NEERUKONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOGY & SCIENCES &TECHNOLOGY
(UGC Autonomous & Affiliated to Andhra University)
Sangivalasa, Bheemunipatnam (M), Visakhapatnam (Dt)

PRAGNA
*NANAM BE
ANITS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Report entitle "DESIGN AND ANALYSYS OF

STRAIGHT AND CURVED FINS" has been carried out by S. GoWTHAM (318126520049),
v.HARISH NAIDU 318126520056), V.JAYA KRISHNA (318126520057), A. RAVI TEJA

318126520005), M.MANISH KUMAR (318126520027) under the esteemed guidance of Prof


T.V.Hanumantha Rao and J.V BHANU TEJ, in partial fulfilment ofthe requirements for the

award of the Degree of Bachelor of Techno logy in Mechanical Engineering by Andhra

University,Visakhapatnam

APPROVED BY PROJECT GUIDE

2S$u

Dr. B. NAGA RAJUU Dr. T. V. HANUMANTHA RAOo


Head of the department, Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
ANITS, Sangivalasa, ANITS, Sangivalasa,
Visakhapatnam. Visakhapatnam
T h sl
Mr. J. VBHANUTEJ
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
ANITS, Sangivalasa,
Visakhapatnam.
THIS PROJECT IS APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS

INTERNAL EXAMINER

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLDGEMENT

We express immensely our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. T.V.Hanumantha Rao,


Professor and Mr. J. V BHANU TEJ, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences, Sangivalasa,
Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam district for his valuable guidance and
encouragement at every stage of the work made it a successful fulfilment.

We are very thankful to Professor T.V.Hanumantha Rao, Principal.


Dr.B.NagaRaju, Head of the Department, Mechanical Engineering, Anil Neerukonda
Institute of Technology & Sciences for their valuable suggestions.

We express our sincere thanks to the members of non-teaching staff of


Mechanical Engineering for their kind co-operation and support to carry on work.

Last but not the least, we like to convey our thanks to all who have contributed
either directly or indirectly for the completion of our work.

S.GOWTHAM (318126520049)
V.HARISH NAIDU (318126520056)
V.JAYA KRISHNA (318126520057)
A.RAVITEJA (318126520005)
M.Manish Kumar (318126520027)
CONTENTS
Page
No
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 FINS 1
1.2 Classification Of Fins (various shapes) 1
1.3 Structure Of Fin 2
1.4 Types Of Fins 2
1.5 Steady State Thermal Analysis 3
1.6 Assumptions Of Fins 4
1.7 Applications Of Fins 4
1.8 Materials 5
1.8.1 Copper 5
1.8.2 Aluminium 5
1.8.3 Magnesium 5
1.9 Objective Of the Project 7

CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE SURVEY 8

2.1 Literature Survey 8

CHAPTER-3 THEORETICAL DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS 14

3.1 Theoretical Design 14


3.2 Boundary Conditions 14
3.3 Heat Flux Calculations 15

CHAPTER-4 3D MODELLING OF FINS 17

4.1 Introduction 17
4.2 Procedure 18

CHAPTER-5 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS USING ANSYS 20

5.1 Introduction 20
5.2 Ansys Software 20
5.3 Finite Elememt Analysis 20
5.4 Procedure In ANSYS 21
5.5 Description of the Tabular Data 27
5.5.1 Temperature Distribution 27
5.5.2 Heat Flux Distribution 27

CHAPTER-6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 32


6.1 Results and Discussions 32
6.2 Temperature distribution Rectangular VS Curved 33
6.3 Total Heat Flux Distribution 33
6.4 Temperature distribution of Rectangular Fin for three 34
different materials

Temperature distribution of Rectangular Fin for three 35


6.5
different materials

6.6 Heat Flux Distribution Of Fins( 3 Materials) 37

6.7 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At different power 39


input

CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION 40
7.1 Conclusions 40
7.2 Future Scope 40

CHAPTER-8 REFERENCES 41

LIST OF TABLES

Table No TITLE Page


No
1.1 Materials 6
3.1 Boundary Conditions 14
5.1 F.E.A Analysis Of Rectangular Fin At 50 Watts 28
5.2 F.E.A Analysis Of Rectangular Fin At 100 Watts 28
5.3 F.E.A Analysis Of Rectangular Fin At 150 Watts 28
5.4 F.E.A Analysis Of Horizontal Curved Fin At 50 Watts 29
5.5 F.E.A Analysis Of Horizontal Curved Fin At 100 Watts 29
5.6 F.E.A Analysis Of Horizontal Curved Fin At 150 Watts 29
5.7 F.E.A Analysis Of Vertical Curved Fin At 50 Watts 30
5.8 F.E.A Analysis Of Vertical Curved Fin At 100 Watts 30
5.9 F.E.A Analysis Of Vertical Curved Fin At 150 Watts 30
5.10 Temperature Distribution( Rectangular vs Curved) 31
5.11 Heat Flux Distribution Distribution( Rectangular vs 31
Curved)

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No TITLE Page


No
1.1(a) Rectangular Fin 2
1.1(b) Variable Cross Section Fin 2
1.1(c) Radial Fin 2
1.1(d) Tapered Fin 2
1.2 Longitudinal Fin 2
1.3 Curved Fin 2
1.4(a) Pin Fin 3
1.4(b) Tapered Fin 3
1.4(c) Concave Parabolic 3
4.1 Curved Fins Design in CATIA 19
4.2 Straight Fins Design in CATIA 19
5.1 Project Setup ANSYS Work Bench 21
5.2 Geometry selection 22
5.3 Mesh Analysis 22
5.4 Applying boundary conditions 23
5.5 Selection of Convection Geometry 23
5.6 Temperature Distribution of horizontal curved Fins 24
5.7 Heat Flux Distribution of horizontal curved Fins 24
5.8 FEA Analysis on Vertical curved Fins 25
5.9 FEA analysis on Rectangular Fin 25
5.10 Temperature Distribution of Rectangular Fins 26
5.11 Heat Flux Distribution of Rectangular Fins 26

LIST OF GRAPHS

Graph No TITLE Page


No
6.1 Temperature Distribution(Rectangular vs Curved) 32
6.2 Heat Flux Distribution(Rectangular vs Curved) 33
6.3 Temperature Distribution Of Rectangular Fins 34
6.4 Temperature Distribution Of Curved Fins 35
6.5 Heat Flux Distribution Of Copper Fins 36
6.6 Heat Flux Distribution Of Aluminium fins 36
6.7 Heat Flux Distribution Of Magnesium fins 37
6.8 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 50 Watts Input 38
6.9 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 100 Watts Input 38
6.10 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 150 Watts Input 39
ABSTRACT

Fins are commonly used for augmentation of heat transfer from thermal systems,
various gases are the working fluids. The thermal properties of gases are generally poor and
therefore the convective heat transfer coefficients are less. Hence as heat transfer enhancement
technique, extended surfaces in the form of fins are used which provide higher heat transfer
surface areas. Fins are therefore regarded as a common devices heat has to be dissipated.

A series of fins commonly known as heat sinks are adapted in various thermal
appliances the computer and other electronic systems, where large chunks of heat generated
have to be dissipated. This project is mainly concerned with developing unconventional fins as
a substitute to the conventional rectangular fins.

Heat Transfer analysis of curved fins was carried out in this work which can be a
substitute for a normal rectangular fins as heat sinks. A detailed evaluation of temperature
distribution and heat flux rates with heat sinks made up of curved fins is accomplished and
compared with the rectangular fins. This objective was fulfilled for three different types of
materials mainly copper, aluminium , magnesium. The entire project was done using CATIA
platform for modelling and ANSYS for finite element analysis.

It was observed from the analysis that curved fins are better option than the regular fins
as it has been demonstrated by this work that their heat transfer dissipating characteristics are
far more superior. The augmentation heat transfer when compared with regular rectangular fins
was found to order of 5:6.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Fins

A Fin is a surface that extends from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or
from the environment by increasing convection. The amount of conduction, convection,
radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers. Increasing the temperature
difference between the object and the environment, increasing the convection heat transfer
coefficient, or increasing the surface area of the object increases the Heat transfer. Sometimes
it is not economical or it is not feasible to change the first two options. Adding a fin to the
object, however, increases the surface area and can sometimes be economical solution to heat
transfer problems. Circumferential fins around the cylinder of a motor cycle engine and fins
attached to condenser tubes of a refrigerator are a few familiar examples. Automobile Fin the
temperature distribution within an SI engine is extremely important for proper engine operation
to maximize the thermal efficiency of an engine; it has to be operated at specific thermal
condition. This condition is controlled by cooling process of fins that tends to remove the heat
that is highly critical in keeping an engine and engine lubricant from thermal failure and
thermal effects. Actually, Fins are provided because, they provide a channel for cooling the
engine whenever it gets hot. Fins doesn't let the engine to burn out. The fins provided on the
engine cylinder depends on the capacity of the engine. Higher the capacity of the engine, a
greater number of fins provided on the surface of the engine block.

1.2 Classification of Fins of Various Shapes:


Many of researchers investigated variable outcomes in analysis of fin by performing
numerical simulation, mathematically and experimentally, the survey had been done on
different types of fin shape to predict behaviour of heat dissipation and temperature distribution
, further material of fin is changed to predict behavior of heat Analysis and Comparison of Two
Wheeler Bike Engine Fins flux and temperature distribution including different shapes of fin,
the effect of convection condition with conduction on fins were analyzed for improvement in
higher heat dissipation , natural convection analysis had been performed in fins using software
simulation with finite element method for determination of high thermal effect and compared
outcome results obtained by variable parameters the potency of different fins by optimizing

1
their form were reviewed for prediction of thermal efficiency, the review is also done for
prediction the thermal effects on fins by analysis is performed in ANSYS software by applying
parametric evaluation and determined optimum dimensions for effective cooling performance.

1.3 Structure of Fin

The structure of fin supports in effectiveness of heat dissipation, many researchers have
proposed different shape of fins and predicted the heat transfer effectiveness in different heat
flux as well as parametric evaluation have been performed by varying fin thickness, fin spacing
and length of fin, the different type of fin structures are:

1.4 Types of Fin:


1. Longitudinal fin
2. Radial fin
3. Pin fin
4.Curved fin

Fig 1.1 a) Rectangular b) Varible c) Radial d) Taper Fig 1.2 Longitudinal Fins

2
Fig 1.3 Curved fin Fig 1.4 Pin Fin

1.5 Steady State Thermal Analysis

Steady-state thermal analysis is evaluating the thermal equilibrium of a system in which


the temperature remains constant over time. In other words, steady-state thermal analysis
involves assessing the equilibrium state of a system subject to constant heat loads and
environmental conditions. The simplest form of steady-state analysis is linear steady- state
analysis in which input parameters, such as material properties, are prescribed independent
variables.

Real systems exhibit non-linear steady state behaviour. Non-linear steady state analysis
is where input parameters are inter-dependent. In such cases, a solver must iterate to find a
steady-state solution to the governing equations that satisfies the input parameters. Examples
of systems with non-linear characteristics include those with temperature-dependent thermal
conductivity, radiation, or natural convection.

For many simulations, steady-state thermal analysis can be used to design and evaluate
systems, even throughout the final stages of the design process. For example, steady-state
thermal analysis can be used when simulating a server’s thermal state, which typically remains
constant over time. Steady state thermal analysis is also beneficial when used to guide early
design and prototyping efforts with quick feedback for simple models. It facilitates design
decisions for typical operating conditions and acts as a baseline for transient analysis of controls
and failure analysis.

3
1.6 Assumptions of Fins :

The following assumptions are considered for solving the problem,


1. Fin material is assumed as homogeneous.
2. Steady state one dimensional heat conduction.
3. No heat generation within the fin.
4. Uniform heat transfer over the entire surface of the fin.
5. Negligible contact resistance.
6. Thermal conductivity of material is same in all direction and assumed to be constant.
7. Ambient temperature surrounds the fin uniformly.
8. The temperature of the surrounding air do not change significantly.
9. Temperature at the base is uniform.
10. Negligible radiation.

1.7 Applications Of Fins

Natural Convection is caused by temperature variations in the fluid. Natural convection


from heat sinks has long been used for thermal management of low-power-density devices.
This cooling technique has many advantages such as the absence of moving parts, of power
consumption, and of maintenance necessity. In addition, it offers quiet operation, high
reliability, and low cost. For these reasons, natural convection heat transfer plays an important
role in many types of cooling systems including electronic industry which has attracted
constant researches for decades. Some applications can be listed as:

 Economizers for steam power plant


 Electrical transformers and motors
 Convectors for hot water and steam heating system
 Air cooled cylinders of aircraft engines, I.C. engines and air compressors
 Cooling coils and condenser coils in refrigerators and conditioners

4
1.8 Materials

1.8.1 Copper

Copper is known for having good thermal properties, coming a close third
behind diamond,then silver in terms of measured thermal conductivity of naturally
occurring materials. The typical thermal conductivity of pure copper is 386.00 W/(m·K)
at 20 degrees Celsius.
This means that heat passes quickly through the metal. This is due to the close
lattice structure of the copper atoms that vibrate more as the temperature rises,
transferring heat internally.
Copper also has a high melting point (1,085°C), making it ideal for high-
temperature applications such as bases for cooking implements like saucepans, heat
exchangers in boilers and heat sinks in electrical equipment.
1.8.2 Aluminium
Aluminum is lightweight, durable, malleable and corrosion-resistant. This metal
is widely used for components in the aerospace, transportation and construction
industries
 Non-corrosive
 Easily machined and cast
 Lightweight yet durable
 Non-magnetic and non-sparking
 Good heat and electrical conductor

1.8.3 Magnesium

Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car
seats, luggage, laptops, cameras and power tools. It is also added to molten iron and
steel to remove sulfur. As magnesium ignites easily in air and burns with a bright light,
it's used in flares, fireworks and sparklers.
Magnesium alloys are also used in other industries where lightweight, sturdy
alloy applications are crucial, such as in chainsaws and machinery parts, and in sporting
goods like baseball bats and fishing reels.

5
MATERIAL PROPERTY VALUE

Aluminium DENSITY 2770 Kg/m^3

YOUNGS MODULUS 7.1*10^10 Pa

POISSONS RATIO 0.33

BULK MODULUS 6.9608*10^10 Pa

THERMAL
237 W/m-K
CONDUCTIVITY

SPECIFIC HEAT 875 J/kg-k

Copper DENSITY 8920 kg/m^3

YOUNGS MODULUS 100 GPa

POISSONS RATIO 0.33

BULK MODULUS 129 GPa


THERMAL
398 W/m-K
CONDUCTIVITY

SPECIFIC HEAT 384 J/kg-K

Magnesium DENSITY 1800 kg/m^3

YOUNGS MODULUS 4.5*10^10 Pa

POISSONS RATIO 0.35

BULK MODULUS 1.66*10^10 Pa

THERMAL
156 W/m-K
CONDUCTIVITY

SPECIFIC HEAT 1024 J/kg-k

Table 1.1 Properties of Materials

6
1.9 Objective of Project:

The crux of the project is to study the enhancement in heat transfer that can be obtained
by using curved fins instead of rectangular fins. The augmentation in heat transfer is also
studied through using analytical softwares. The purpose of using curved fins is to increasing
the rate of
heat transfer comparatively more and analyzed using analytical softwares.

7
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Fins find a wide range of applications in mechanical, electrical and electronic devices
ranging from computers to heat transfer devices that are used in process palnts, power plants,
aeronautics etc. There has been an intensive and extensive study or on the usage of fins in a
wide spectrum of applications. The studies included were related to the geometry of fins, heat
transfer, boundary condition etc. A few of the papers from the literature are reviewed as given
below:

2.1 Literature Review


Pulkit Sagar [1] has analyzed the heat transfer rate by varying the shape and surface roughness
of fins. The model are created by varying the shape and roughness of the fin in AUTODESK
INVENTER (2015) and simulated in AUTODESK NASTRAN (2015). The main aim of this
paper is to study following effects on the heat transfer through fins in motorcycle and other
motor power vehicles by changing the geometry. Fins may be consider as a form of heat
exchanger that represents the flow of heat transfer from a medium to the atmosphere here
several research have been done and the main motive of this paper is to attain the goal of
particular study and then to examine in which field of operations is to be carried out. The object
of this study is to analyze various studies and establish the best approaches of them so initially
Jain and Aurangabadkar analyzed heat transfer and optimization of fins by variation in
geometry they examined heat transfer coefffient through fins through various geometries which
were rectangular, circular and triangular with rectangular and trapezoidal extensions.

Pardeep Singh [2] had done this research, the heat transfer performance of fin is analyzed by
design of fin with various extensions such as rectangular, trapezium, curved and circular
segmental extensions. The heat transfer performance of fin with same geometry having various
extensions and without extensions is compared. Near about ranging 5% to 13% more heat
transfer can be achieved with these various extensions on fin as compare to same geometry of
fin without these extensions.

8
Viveksheel Yadav [3] has noticed that fins with curved or notches gives the best results
reducing in cost of the material so here in this paper we have discussed various designs of fins
with detailed research papers to study the optimized heat transfer rate with different materials.
Material also plays an important role so for dissipation of heat process

M.J. ALshukri [4] This study is a numerical study. It investigates the steady state flow of fluid
by natural convection in three dimensions as well as the transfer of heat for a set of innovative
shapes of fin array. This study utilized four different shapes of fin array as well as the absence
of fins. The different forms are as follows: straight, vertical (sine wave along y-axis), horizontal
(sine wave along z-axis) and sweep (sine wave along both y and z axis). We examined the
following parameters of the fin: geometrical dimension and thermal properties. In the steady
state thermal analysis, an analysis of the differences in temperature regarding the distance at
which heat flow takes place through the fin is carried out using CFX Ansys 15. The result
shows that the sine wave along z-axis increases the transfer of heat more than the fin array of
other shapes. Nusselt number increased as a result of the increasing heat flux which is exerted
on the base as a boundary condition.

Pradeep Kr. Kurmi [5] The Engine cylinder is one of the primary engine elements, that is subjected
to excessive temperature variations and thermal stresses. Fins are placed on the surface of the cylinder
to enhance the amount of heat transfer by convection. For thermal analysis of the engine cylinder fins,
it is more beneficial to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. Present study has been done to
enhance knowledge about the various researches done in recent years which show that heat transfer by
fins depend upon on variety of fins, fin pitch, fin layout, wind velocity, fabric and climate situations.
Literature survey shows that heat transfer is enhanced through extended surfaces and the heat transfer
coefficient is affected by changing cross section of the fins. This study is useful to recognize the better
geometry and material for the fins for higher heat dissipation rate and engine cooling.

Charan et. al. [6] analyzed extended surfaces, which are commonly used to enhance
convection heat transfer in a wide range of engineering applications. The conception of
introducing perforations on the lateral surface of fin is to enhance heat transfer rate effectively.
From the research, it is evident that tip temperature is minimum for aluminum triangularly
perforated with three perforations in it and heat transfer is maximum for triangularly perforated

9
with three perforations of aluminum material. From research study, it shows that Nusselt
number increases for perforated fin when compared with non- perforated fin. Therefore it is
concluded that a three triangle laterally perforated aluminum is most suitable for the fin
applications.

Sangaj et. al. [7] experimentally found out the temperature distribution within the pin fin made
of different material and geometries and performed steady state heat transfer analysis using a
finite element software ANSYS to test and validate results. The main aim of the work is to
optimize the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of fins. The
present work is successfully carried out by comparing various parameters (shape, geometry,
material) of pin-fin. The different types of shape and material have been chosen for the
comparison. Analysis has been carried out in ANSYS. From above two cases it is found that
copper circular hollow pin-fin and copper rectangular pin- fin are the most optimum pin-fins.

Beldar et. al. [8] performed steady thermal analysis by using CFD software. Air Flow analysis,
pressure drop analysis had performed. The notch size is varying from 10%, 20% and 30% the
heat input is varying from 25 watt, 45 watt and 65 watt. In area not compensated fin array
though area of fin will decrease still heat transfer increase. with compensation fin array the
central material of fin is exposed to fresh cold air again it is found that heat transfer is
increasing. After provision of notch at the central portion of fin leads to change of flow pattern
of natural air, increase in the air velocity across channel, Variation of air pressure across
channel and increase of air temperature in cylindrical heat sink.

Rajesh et. al. [9] analyzed the thermal properties by varying geometry, material (Cu and Al
alloy 6082), distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. The Fins models are
created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both
geometries. The 3D modeling software Pro/Engineer &UniGraphics were used. Thermal
analysis was done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over
time. The analysis was done using ANSYS. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder
fins, it has been concluded that it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder.

Jain et. al.[10] analyzed the thermal heat dissipation of fins by varying its geometry.
Parametric models of fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behavior. There
after models were created by varying the geometry such as rectangular, circular, triangular and

10
fins with extension. The modeling software CREO Parametric 2.0 has been used. The analysis
has been done using ANSYS 14.5. It is discussed that presently material which is used for
manufacturing fin body is generally Aluminum Alloy 204 which has thermal conductivity of
110-150W/m-⁰C. After determining the material, the third step is to increase the heat transfer
rate of the system by varying geometrical parameters such as cross sectional area, parameter,
length, thickness, etc. which ultimately leads us to fins of varying shape and geometries.

Kummitha et. al. [11] studied thermal analysis of cylinder block. The thermal analyses were
performed with various alloys to find out the best material which gave the best heat transfer
rate through it and kept the engine in safe working condition and also had high strength with
light weight. For this study, passion pro bike cylinder block was considered and modeled by
using GAMBIT software and also thermal analyses were performed by using ANSYS software.
Hence in this study, some of aluminium alloys are also considered for thermal analysis and
compared all the results for best one. it is to be concluded that A380 had the better heat transfer
rate along with more strength as compared with other considered alloys.

Ravikumar et. al. [12] discussed about the geometric variables and design of heat sink for
enhancing the thermal performance is experimented. This project makes use of thermal
evaluation to perceive a cooling answer for a computer pc, which uses a 5 W CPU. The design
was able to cool the chassis with heat sink joined to the CPU whichwas adequate to cool the
whole machine. This work considered the round cylindrical pin fins and square plate heat sink
fins layout with aluminium base plate and the control of CPU heat sink procedures. An
opportunity model of heat fins has been designed to increase heat dissipation. In ANSYS,the
proposed substance has been analyzed and the consequences of regular state and transient
thermal evaluation are taken for comparison.

Sandeep Kumar et. al. [13] Studied heat transfer rate from the heating zone in IC engine, for
that transient thermal analysis have been performed on actual design of Bajaj discover 125 CC
single cylinder engine. Transient thermal analyses were performed for actual and proposed
design of engine cylinder in order to optimize geometrical parameters and enhanced heat
transfer from the IC engine. Result revel that the proposed designof IC engine has better
performance and heat transfer rate from the heating zone in the IC engine that is why the result

11
of present work are found to be more concentrated on it and also proposed replacement of new
design. Transient thermal analysis has been performed on actual design and also on two
different geometrical designs at ambient temperature of 25 0C.

Mogaji et. al. [14] performednumerical analysis of heat flow through fin of a rectangular
profile surface with and without considering radiation heat loss. The effects of physical
parameters which include: length, L, thickness, t, fin metal type and emissivity, å, on the fin
thermal performance have been comparatively studied. It was observed that heat dissipation
rate for the fin with thermal radiation was higher than those without thermal radiation
independently of the fin type metal considered in the study. For studying the effect of increasing
the fin material emissivity subjected to the cases of considering radiation, heat loss, appreciable
enhancement of the fin thermal performance was observed for aluminium and copper materials
compared to stainless steel material.

Arefin [15] introduced modified pin design for pin fin heat sink where the pins have been
expanded outward. After that, thermal analysis of the conventional pin fin heat sink and the
modified pin fin heat sink has been conducted numerically for natural convection for circular
shape in inline arrangement assuming steady state condition. The modified pin fin heat sink
has been observed to perform better than the conventional ones. For this numerical thermal
analysis has been used with the help of Solidwork. The proposed model of the modified pin fin
heat sink has been created in a virtual environment. The conventional model of pin fin heat
sink was also created in the same environment for comparison. Thermal analysis of the
conventional model and the modified model was conducted and compared successfully.

Balendra et. al. [16] performed experimental analysis and simulation for rectangular
unnotched fin and validated it for different thermal loads. After that the authorsworked for
different forms of constant area as an inverted notched fin. All above result of the distribution
of temperature, velocity vector plot, Nusselt no. and the heat transfer coefficient, it was
concluded that the heat transfer coefficient increased continuously in all cases but inverted
triangular notched fin gave maximum heat transfer rate. Inverted trapezoidal notched fin gave
6.08 W/m2°k heat transfer coefficient which was better than inverted rectangular notched fin
which give 5.67 W/m2°k heat transfer. As per the result, it is concluded that heat transfer rate

12
of inverted triangular notched fin has been increased by almost 50.51% as compared to
rectangular unnotched fin.

Kongre et. al. [17] analyzed the temperature distribution by varying geometry and thickness
of cylinder fins using ANSYS workbench. By doing experimental work on array of perforated
fins of solid Vs square & circular perforation it is observed that; Nusselt number of solid as
well as perforated fins increase with increase in Reynolds number. Also for same size of
perforations square perforations give slight higher percentage of effectiveness improvement
in square holes than circular. Thus the authors concluded that even though the attempts have
been made to modify several parameters related to fin for HT augmentation, but still there is a
vast scope for fin designmodification.

From the literature survey,it was concluded that a study on curved fins could be defined
as this particular topic has received little attention

13
CHAPTER 3

THEORETICAL DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS

3.1 Theoretical Design

Design theory has been approached and interpreted in many ways from personal
statements of design principles, through constructs of the philosophy of design to a search for
a design science. In this design we have calculated the heat flux for fins of different geometries
.The required heat flux calculations are also done for different shapes of fins .
In this theoretical design we will know all the required parameters to calculate the heat
flux for the rectangular fin. In order to analyze the heat flux for fins of various shapes we have
decided to do the project.

3.2 Boundary Conditions:

Variables Units Value

Heat Transfer Coefficient W/m^𝟐-K 16

Ambient Temperature K 295

Power Input W 50, 100, 150

Table 3.1 Boundary conditions

Tb  base temperature of the body T =ambient temperature

hl  heat transfer coefficient k  thermal conductivity of aluminium

Q heat dissipated A  Cross section area of the fin

p  perimeter of the fin L  Length of the fin

14
3.3 Heat Flux Calculation :

RECTANGULAR FIN (At 50 Watts)

Tb  117o c , T  22o c
hl  16 w / m2 , k  237 w /  mK 
L  62.8mm
p  2  w  h   2  60  5  130mm
A   w * h    60*5  300mm2
 hp   16*0.130 
m     3   29.25457  5.40874
 kA   237*0.3*10 
 
 tanh(ml )  (hl ) 
 mk 
Q  (Tb  T )   (hpkA)
0.5

1  hl 
tanh(ml ) 
  mk  
 
 16 
 tanh(5.40874*0.0628)  { }
Q  (117  22) 
(5.40874*237)  3
 (16*0.130*237*0.3*10 )
1   16 
tanh(5.40874*0.0628) 
  (5.40874*237) 
   
 0.339663 
 95*   *0.3845620 W
1.0040838 
 12.35857092 W
Q 
Heat flux   
 A
 12.35857092 W 
  3 3 2 
 80*10 *60*10 m 
 2574.702274 W / m2
For 4 no.of Fins ,
Q 
Heat flux    4*2574.702274 W / m2
 A
10,298.8091 W / m2

15
For Aluminium

Heat flux=10,298.8091 W / m2

For Copper

Heat flux=10401.382 W / m2

For Magnesium

Heat flux=10150.765 W / m2

Hence the heat flux of rectangular fin for different materials are calculated. The dimensions are
in S.I unit. Hence the theoretical design is done by the above calculations. The design is to
formulate a plan for the satisfaction of a special need or to solve a problem.

16
CHAPTER 4

3D MODELLING OF FINS

4.1 Introduction

CATIA is 3D CAD modelling software used to design, visualize, and test product ideas.
It allows you to create product prototypes that accurately simulate the weight, stress, friction,
driving loads, and much more of products and their components in a simulated 3D environment.
It enables the Creation of 3D parts, 3D sketches, sheet metal, composites and moulded for or
tooling Parts up to the definition of mechanical assemblies
It provides took to complete product definition, ink hiding functional tolerances, as well
as kinematics definition CATIA provides a wide range of applications for tooling design, for
both generic tooling and mold & die. In the case of Aerospace engineering an additional module
named the aerospace Sheet metal design offers the user combine the capabilities of generative
Sheet metal design and generative surface design.

The main features of CATIA are

 It allows 2D and 3D data integration in a single environment, creating a virtual


representation of the final product that enables users to validate the form, fit, and
function of the product before it is ever built.
 It includes powerful parametric, direct edit and freeform modelling tools as well as
multi translation capabilities and in their standard drawings.
 It uses Shape geometric modelling . Catia competes directly with Solid Works, Solid
Edge, and Creo.
 The automatic updating feature allows easy changes in models.
 With Catia prototyping can be accomplished easily by integrating 2D AutoCAD
drawings and 3D data into a digital model which will serve as a virtual representation
of the final product.
 By doing so, engineers are able to better design and simulate products without the need
to create physical prototype.

17
4.2 Procedure

Step 1: Sketcher Module

The Sketcher workbench is a set of tools that helps you create and constrain 2D
geometries. Features (pads, pockets, shafts, etc...) may then be created solids or modifications
to solids using these 2D profiles. You can access the Sketcher workbench in many ways. Two
simple ways are by using the top pull down menu (Start – Mechanical Design – Sketcher), or
by selecting the Sketcher icon. When you enter the sketcher, CATIA requires that you choose
a plane to sketch on. You can choose this plane either before or after you select the Sketcher
icon. To exit the sketcher, select the Exit Workbench icon
The Sketcher workbench contains the following standard workbench specific toolbars:

 Profile toolbar: The commands located in this toolbar allow you to create simple
geometries (rectangle, circle, line, etc...) and more complex geometries (profile, spline,
etc...).
 Operation toolbar: Once a profile has been created, it can be modified using
commands such as trim, mirror, chamfer, and other commands located in the Operation
toolbar.
 Constraint toolbar: Profiles may be constrained with dimensional (distances, angles,
etc...) or geometrical (tangent, parallel, etc...) constraints using the commands located
in the Constraint toolbar.
 Sketch tools toolbar: The commands in this toolbar allow you to work in different
modes which make sketching easier.

Step 2: Part Design Module

Part design environment is used to create 3D models from the basic 2D sketches created
in sketcher environment.
 creating the base part 2D sketch
 converting 2D sketch to required 3D model by using features like extrude, extrude cut,
revolve, sweep, chamfers, fillets, holes, spiral etc.
 Saving the file with desired part name.

18
Fig 4.1 Curved Fins Design in CATIA

Fig 4.2 Straight Fins Design in CATIA

19
CHAPTER 5

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS USING ANSYS

5.1 Introduction

Ansys provides a common platform for product development, from design concept to
final-stage testing and validation. The company's product portfolio consists of simulation
platform offerings that are used in diverse multi-physics fields like heat transfer, fluid
mechanics, statics, solid mechanics, etc. However, Ansys is best known for finite element
analysis (FEA), which has gained popularity as a modelling and simulation tool over the years
(and especially since the introduction of powerful computers) in solving a gamut of complex
engineering problems

5.2 ANSYS Software


 Treatment of engineering problems basically contains three main parts: create a model,
solve the problem and analyze the results. Ansys, like many other FEA programs, is
also divided into three main parts namely the processors which are called pre-processor,
solution processor and post-processor.
 The Ansys pre-processor allows users to build geometry, define materials and generate
element mesh. The Ansys processor allows users to solve problems by applying loads
and obtaining solutions. The Ansys post-processor allows visualization and listing of
results in a tabular form or as printouts.
 Ansys offers a comprehensive software suite that spans the entire range of physics,
providing access to virtually any field of engineering simulation that a design process
requires. Organizations around the world trust Ansys to deliver the best value for their
engineering simulation software investment

5.3 Finite Element Analysis

Finite-element method (FEM) is a good choice for the analysis of sheet metal processes
since it helps in eliminating the need for time-consuming experiments to optimize the process
parameters such as sheet metal thickness, the material of the sheet, punch fillet and percentage

20
clearance. The FEM simulations are increasingly used for investigating and optimizing the
punching process. Computer simulations reduce the number of experiments and can obtain
accurate results. The results depend on the element type and type of mesh considered for
analysis.

5.4 Procedure in Ansys:

 Step 1: Start an ANSYS Workbench Project


 Step 2: Create a Steady-State Thermal Analysis System

 Step 3: Add a New Material

 Step 4: Insert Geometry

 Step 4: Create a Profile Sketch To customize units

 Step 6: Create an Extruded Body

 Step 7: Launch the Steady-State Thermal Program

 Step 8: Generate Mesh

 Step 9: Apply Boundary Conditions

 Step 10: Solve and Retrieve Results

Fig 5.1 Project Setup ANSYS Work Bench

21
Fig 5.2 geometry selection

Fig5.3 Mesh Analysis

22
Fig 5.4 Applying boundary conditions

Fig 5.5 Selection of Convection Geometry

23
Fig 5.6 Temperature Distribution of horizontal curved Fins

Fig 5.7 Heat Flux Distribution of horizontal curved Fins

24
Fig 5.8 FEA Analysis on Vertical curved Fins

Fig 5.9 FEA analysis on Rectangular Fins

25
Fig 5.10 Temperature Distribution of Rectangular Fins

Fig 5.11 Heat Flux Distribution of Rectangular Fins

26
5.5 Description of the Tabular Data

5.5.1 Temperature distribution

The temperature distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA
analysis for different energy inputs is specified in tables below.
It can be observed that the temperarure has increase with the increase in input energy.It
can also be observed that for any given energy input,the temperature is more uniform in copper
as compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal conductivity.It can also be
observed that the maximum temperature of the fin is least for copper among the materials
choosen
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the temperature
in rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.

5.5.2 Heat Flux Distribution

The heat flux distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA analysis for
different energy inputs is specified in tables below
It can be observed that the heat flux has increase with the increase in input energy. It
can also be observed that for any given energy input, the heat flux is more uniform in copper
as compared to other materials since it possess higher thermal conductivity. It can also be
observed that the maximum heat flux of the fin is high for copper among the materials choosen.
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderately higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy input.
This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for curved fin. The results of FEA
are tabulated in tables 5.1 to 5.9

27
 FEA Analysis of Rectangular Fin at 50 Watts

TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL


HEAT HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
Material` FLUX FLUX (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
(MIN) (MAX)
W/m2 W/m2 W/m2

Copper 101.01 104.85 102.67 1264.9 40656 16945

Aluminium 99.077 108.23 103.03 1235.3 40426 16740

Magnesium 98.888 108.58 103.07 1231.8 40416 16721

able 5.1

 FEA Analysis of Rectangular Fin at 100Watts

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 180.03 187.71 183.36 2529.8 81316 33891


Aluminium 176.46 193.93 184.01 2475.7 80849 33508
Magnesium 175.78 195.17 184.14 2463.8 80836 33443

Table 5.2

 FEA Analysis of Rectangular Fin at 150 Watts

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 259.05 270.56 264.04 3794.8 1.2198*105 50837

Aluminium 253.79 279.79 265 3713 1.2138*105 50283

Magnesium 252.68 281.75 265.21 3695.7 1.2126*105 50165


Table 5.3

28
 FEA Analysis of Horizontal Curved FIN AT 50 WATTS

MATERIAL TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT TOTAL


(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪 FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) HEATFLUX
W/m2 W/m2 (AVG)

W/m2

Copper 97.094 101.23 98.891 1177.1 42856 17792


Aluminium 94.963 104.83 99.244 1172.9 42520 17541
Magnesium 94.771 105.18 99.278 1172.9 42500 17518

Table 5.4

 FEA Analysis of Horizontal Curved FIN AT 100 WATTS

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 132.4 144.64 137.71 3521.9 1.2788*105 52850


5
Aluminium 126.59 154.67 138.7 3525.9 1.2613*10 51467
5
Magnesium 125.82 156.12 138.84 3528 1.2588*10 51277

Table 5.5

 FEA Analysis of Horizontal Curved FIN AT 150 WATTS

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 247.3 259.69 252.69 3531.6 1.2858*105 53378


Aluminium 241.54 269.48 253.64 3520.2 1.2769*105 52701
Magnesium 240.33 271.57 253.85 3519 1.2751*105 52558

Table 5.6

29

 FEA Analysis of Vertical Curved FIN AT 50 WATTS

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 96.245 100.18 97.81 1077.8 41789 17245


Aluminium 92.564 102.68 98.23 1072.6 41520 17155
Magnesium 91.498 103.91 98.65 1072.9 41415 17059

Table 5.7

 FEA Analysis of Vertical Curved FIN AT 100 WATTS

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 121.26 125.68 123.80 3112.76 1.4643*105 74532


Aluminium 113.71 134.52 126.19.7 3083.18 1.3858*105 71624
Magnesium 107.53 138.75 128.56 2998.41 1.3145*105 69432

Table 5.8

 FEA Analysis of Vertical Curved FIN AT 150 WATTS

TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2

Copper 117.76 131.84 124.11 34237 1.2954*105 63589


Aluminium 108.96 132.54 120.56 3472.6 1.2876*105 62431
Magnesium 105.92 136.61 121.52 33212 1.2732*105 61986

Table 5.9

30
 Temperature Distribution in °𝑪 Compression at 50W Input

Horizontal Curved Vertical Curved Fin


Material Rectangular Fin
Fin

Copper 102.67 98.891 97.81

Aluminium 103.03 99.244 98.23

Magnesium 103.07 99.278 98.65

Table 5.10

 Total Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2 Compression at 50W Input

Horizontal Curved Vertical Curved Fin


Material Rectangular Fin
Fin

Copper 16945 17792 17245

Aluminium 16740 17541 17155

Magnesium 16721 17518 17059

Table 5.11

31
CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Results and Discussions

The present work has dealt with the study of heat transfer from curved fins by
analytically using software. In comparison between curved fins and rectangular fins was also
accomplished to obtain an idea on the effectiveness of curved fins.
This study was carried out assuming similar boundary conditions for rectangular and
curved fins. The curved fins and rectangular fins are assumed to be of same length and
thickness.
The study was done for three different types of materials i.e copper, aluminum.
magnesium. This materials were chosen as fins are generally fabricated of high thermal
conductivity materials.Further the analysis was done for three different heat fluxes.
A detailed study of temperature and heat flux distribution was achieved for both the
configurations chosen under the considered heat fluxes for three different materials.

Temperature distribution in 0C
104
103.03 103.07
103 102.67

102
101
100
99.244 99.278
99 98.891

98
97
96
Copper Aluminiu Magnesium
m
Rectangular Curved

Graph 6.1 Temperature distribution Rectangular VS Curved

32
6.2 Temperature distribution Rectangular VS Curved

The temperature distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA analysis for
different energy inputs

It can be observed that the temperarure has increase with the increase in input energy.It
can also be observed that for any given energy input,the temperature is more uniform in copper
as compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal conductivity.It can also be
observed that the maximum temperature of the fin is least for copper among the materials
choosen
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the temperature
in rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.

Total Heat flux in W/m2


18000 17792
17800
17600 17541 17518
17400
17200
17000 16945
16800 16740 16721
16600
16400
16200
16000
Copper Aluminium Magnesium

Rectangular Curved Linear (Curved)

Graph 6.2 Total Heat Flux Distribution (Rectangular vs Curved)

6.3 Total Heat Flux Distribution (Rectangular vs Curved)

The heat flux distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA analysis
for different energy inputs.
It can be observed that the heat flux has increase with the increase in input energy.It

33
can also be observed that for any given energy input,the heat flux is more uniform in copper as
compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal conductivity.It can also be observed
that the maximum heat flux of the fin is high for copper among the materials choosen.

Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin

Temperature Distribution in 0C (Rectangle)


300

250

200

150

100

50

0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts

aluminium copper magnesium

Graph 6.3 Temperature distribution of Rectangular Fin for three different materials

6.4 Temperature distribution of Rectangular Fin for three different materials


From the graph ,It can also be observed that for any given energy input,the temperature
is more uniform in copper as compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal
conductivity.It can also be observed that the maximum temperature of the fin is least for copper
among the materials choosen

34
Temperature Distribution in 0C (curved fin)
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts

Graph 6.4 Temperature distribution of Curved Fin for three different materials

6.5 Temperature distribution of Curved Fin for three different materials


From the graph ,It can also be observed that for any given energy input,the temperature
is more uniform in copper as compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal
conductivity.It can also be observed that the maximum temperature of the fin is least for copper
among the materials choosen

From the graph it can be inferred that the temperature in rectangular is moderatively
higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy input.This can be attributed to the
higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.

35

Heat flux Distribution in W/m2 (Copper) 


160000 
140000

120000

100000
80000 
60000 
40000 
20000 
0
50 100 150 

Rectangular Horizontal curved fin vertical curved fin

Graph 6.5 Heat Flux Distribution Of Copper Fins

Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2 ( Aluminium)


160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts
Rectangular Horizontal curved Vertical Curved

Graph 6.6 Heat Flux Distribution Of Aluminium Fins





36

Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2 (Magnesium)


140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts

Rectangle Horizontal Curved Vertical Curved




Graph 6.7 Heat Flux Distribution Of Magnesium Fins

6.6 Heat Flux Distribution Of Fins( 3 Materials)


From the above three graphs 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, It can be observed that the heat flux has
increase with the increase in input energy.It can also be observed that for any given energy
input,the heat flux is more uniform in copper as compared to other materails since it possess
higher thermal conductivity.It can also be observed that the maximum heat flux of the fin is
high for copper among the materials choosen.

Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.

37
Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2 (50 watts input)
43500

43000

42500

42000

41500

41000

40500

40000

39500

39000
Aluminium Copper magnesium

rectangular horizontal cuved vertical curved

Graph 6.8 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 50 Watts Input

Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2 (100 Watts Input)


160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
Aluminium Copper Magnesium

Rectangular Horizontal Curved Vertical Curved

Graph 6.9 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 100 Watts Input

38
Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2(150 Watts input)
132000

130000

128000

126000

124000

122000

120000

118000

116000
Aluminium Copper Magnesium

Rectangular Horizontal Curved Vertical Curved


Graph 6.10 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 150 Watts Input

6.7 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At different power input


From the above three graphs 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, It can be observed that the heat flux has
increase with the increase in input energy. It can also be observed that for any given energy
input, the heat flux is more uniform in copper as compared to other materials since it possess
higher thermal conductivity. It can also be observed that the maximum heat flux of the fin is
high for copper among the materials choosen.

Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderately higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy input.
This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for curved fin.

39
CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSIONS

7.1 Conclusions
 Fins are widely accepted for dissipating large chunks of heat from different devices
where heat is generated . A no of conventional fins are arranged in parallel on a common
base plate which is fixed to the device from which heat has to be dissipated.
 The present work proposes to use curved fins instead of regular rectangular fins and
study their heat transfer performance. This objective has been fulfilled by adopting
analytical methods. The curved fins are compared with rectangular fins with reference
to the temperature distribution and heat flux. The modelling and analysis was carried
out by using CATIA and ANSYS workbench respectively. The following conclusions
were drawn from the steady state thermal analysis of both the fins.
 The analysis was done for three materials i.e copper, aluminium and
magnesium.
 Copper exhibited the best results in terms of temperature distribution and
heat flux due to its high thermal conductivity.
 The curved fins were better off when compared with rectangular fins as
they have high heat transfer area
 When comparison of horizontal and vertical configurations gave best
results as the heat dissipation rate was higher.
 The enhancement and heat transfer rate with curved fins when compared
with rectangular fins is in the ratio 5:6
7.2 Future Scope:
From the present study, it can be inferred that though curved fins are difficult to
manufacture, they passes better heat transfer characteristics.
 To optimize the curvature and material requirements,further analysis is required.
 CFD analysis can be performed to get optimized results of fins heat transfer related to
enclosed geometry
 Forced convection analysis can also be performed using FEA

40
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42

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