Project
Project
Project
An Internal Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
S. GOWTHAM 318126520049
V. HARISH NAIDU 318126520056
V. JAYA KRISHNA 318126520057
A. RAVI TEJA 318126520005
M.MANISH KUMAR 318126520027
Assistant Professor
2022
ANIL NEERUKONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOGY & SCIENCES &TECHNOLOGY
(UGC Autonomous & Affiliated to Andhra University)
Sangivalasa, Bheemunipatnam (M), Visakhapatnam (Dt)
PRAGNA
*NANAM BE
ANITS
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Report entitle "DESIGN AND ANALYSYS OF
STRAIGHT AND CURVED FINS" has been carried out by S. GoWTHAM (318126520049),
v.HARISH NAIDU 318126520056), V.JAYA KRISHNA (318126520057), A. RAVI TEJA
University,Visakhapatnam
2S$u
INTERNAL EXAMINER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLDGEMENT
Last but not the least, we like to convey our thanks to all who have contributed
either directly or indirectly for the completion of our work.
S.GOWTHAM (318126520049)
V.HARISH NAIDU (318126520056)
V.JAYA KRISHNA (318126520057)
A.RAVITEJA (318126520005)
M.Manish Kumar (318126520027)
CONTENTS
Page
No
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 FINS 1
1.2 Classification Of Fins (various shapes) 1
1.3 Structure Of Fin 2
1.4 Types Of Fins 2
1.5 Steady State Thermal Analysis 3
1.6 Assumptions Of Fins 4
1.7 Applications Of Fins 4
1.8 Materials 5
1.8.1 Copper 5
1.8.2 Aluminium 5
1.8.3 Magnesium 5
1.9 Objective Of the Project 7
4.1 Introduction 17
4.2 Procedure 18
5.1 Introduction 20
5.2 Ansys Software 20
5.3 Finite Elememt Analysis 20
5.4 Procedure In ANSYS 21
5.5 Description of the Tabular Data 27
5.5.1 Temperature Distribution 27
5.5.2 Heat Flux Distribution 27
CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION 40
7.1 Conclusions 40
7.2 Future Scope 40
CHAPTER-8 REFERENCES 41
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF GRAPHS
Fins are commonly used for augmentation of heat transfer from thermal systems,
various gases are the working fluids. The thermal properties of gases are generally poor and
therefore the convective heat transfer coefficients are less. Hence as heat transfer enhancement
technique, extended surfaces in the form of fins are used which provide higher heat transfer
surface areas. Fins are therefore regarded as a common devices heat has to be dissipated.
A series of fins commonly known as heat sinks are adapted in various thermal
appliances the computer and other electronic systems, where large chunks of heat generated
have to be dissipated. This project is mainly concerned with developing unconventional fins as
a substitute to the conventional rectangular fins.
Heat Transfer analysis of curved fins was carried out in this work which can be a
substitute for a normal rectangular fins as heat sinks. A detailed evaluation of temperature
distribution and heat flux rates with heat sinks made up of curved fins is accomplished and
compared with the rectangular fins. This objective was fulfilled for three different types of
materials mainly copper, aluminium , magnesium. The entire project was done using CATIA
platform for modelling and ANSYS for finite element analysis.
It was observed from the analysis that curved fins are better option than the regular fins
as it has been demonstrated by this work that their heat transfer dissipating characteristics are
far more superior. The augmentation heat transfer when compared with regular rectangular fins
was found to order of 5:6.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Fins
A Fin is a surface that extends from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or
from the environment by increasing convection. The amount of conduction, convection,
radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers. Increasing the temperature
difference between the object and the environment, increasing the convection heat transfer
coefficient, or increasing the surface area of the object increases the Heat transfer. Sometimes
it is not economical or it is not feasible to change the first two options. Adding a fin to the
object, however, increases the surface area and can sometimes be economical solution to heat
transfer problems. Circumferential fins around the cylinder of a motor cycle engine and fins
attached to condenser tubes of a refrigerator are a few familiar examples. Automobile Fin the
temperature distribution within an SI engine is extremely important for proper engine operation
to maximize the thermal efficiency of an engine; it has to be operated at specific thermal
condition. This condition is controlled by cooling process of fins that tends to remove the heat
that is highly critical in keeping an engine and engine lubricant from thermal failure and
thermal effects. Actually, Fins are provided because, they provide a channel for cooling the
engine whenever it gets hot. Fins doesn't let the engine to burn out. The fins provided on the
engine cylinder depends on the capacity of the engine. Higher the capacity of the engine, a
greater number of fins provided on the surface of the engine block.
1
their form were reviewed for prediction of thermal efficiency, the review is also done for
prediction the thermal effects on fins by analysis is performed in ANSYS software by applying
parametric evaluation and determined optimum dimensions for effective cooling performance.
The structure of fin supports in effectiveness of heat dissipation, many researchers have
proposed different shape of fins and predicted the heat transfer effectiveness in different heat
flux as well as parametric evaluation have been performed by varying fin thickness, fin spacing
and length of fin, the different type of fin structures are:
Fig 1.1 a) Rectangular b) Varible c) Radial d) Taper Fig 1.2 Longitudinal Fins
2
Fig 1.3 Curved fin Fig 1.4 Pin Fin
Real systems exhibit non-linear steady state behaviour. Non-linear steady state analysis
is where input parameters are inter-dependent. In such cases, a solver must iterate to find a
steady-state solution to the governing equations that satisfies the input parameters. Examples
of systems with non-linear characteristics include those with temperature-dependent thermal
conductivity, radiation, or natural convection.
For many simulations, steady-state thermal analysis can be used to design and evaluate
systems, even throughout the final stages of the design process. For example, steady-state
thermal analysis can be used when simulating a server’s thermal state, which typically remains
constant over time. Steady state thermal analysis is also beneficial when used to guide early
design and prototyping efforts with quick feedback for simple models. It facilitates design
decisions for typical operating conditions and acts as a baseline for transient analysis of controls
and failure analysis.
3
1.6 Assumptions of Fins :
4
1.8 Materials
1.8.1 Copper
Copper is known for having good thermal properties, coming a close third
behind diamond,then silver in terms of measured thermal conductivity of naturally
occurring materials. The typical thermal conductivity of pure copper is 386.00 W/(m·K)
at 20 degrees Celsius.
This means that heat passes quickly through the metal. This is due to the close
lattice structure of the copper atoms that vibrate more as the temperature rises,
transferring heat internally.
Copper also has a high melting point (1,085°C), making it ideal for high-
temperature applications such as bases for cooking implements like saucepans, heat
exchangers in boilers and heat sinks in electrical equipment.
1.8.2 Aluminium
Aluminum is lightweight, durable, malleable and corrosion-resistant. This metal
is widely used for components in the aerospace, transportation and construction
industries
Non-corrosive
Easily machined and cast
Lightweight yet durable
Non-magnetic and non-sparking
Good heat and electrical conductor
1.8.3 Magnesium
Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car
seats, luggage, laptops, cameras and power tools. It is also added to molten iron and
steel to remove sulfur. As magnesium ignites easily in air and burns with a bright light,
it's used in flares, fireworks and sparklers.
Magnesium alloys are also used in other industries where lightweight, sturdy
alloy applications are crucial, such as in chainsaws and machinery parts, and in sporting
goods like baseball bats and fishing reels.
5
MATERIAL PROPERTY VALUE
THERMAL
237 W/m-K
CONDUCTIVITY
THERMAL
156 W/m-K
CONDUCTIVITY
6
1.9 Objective of Project:
The crux of the project is to study the enhancement in heat transfer that can be obtained
by using curved fins instead of rectangular fins. The augmentation in heat transfer is also
studied through using analytical softwares. The purpose of using curved fins is to increasing
the rate of
heat transfer comparatively more and analyzed using analytical softwares.
7
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Fins find a wide range of applications in mechanical, electrical and electronic devices
ranging from computers to heat transfer devices that are used in process palnts, power plants,
aeronautics etc. There has been an intensive and extensive study or on the usage of fins in a
wide spectrum of applications. The studies included were related to the geometry of fins, heat
transfer, boundary condition etc. A few of the papers from the literature are reviewed as given
below:
Pardeep Singh [2] had done this research, the heat transfer performance of fin is analyzed by
design of fin with various extensions such as rectangular, trapezium, curved and circular
segmental extensions. The heat transfer performance of fin with same geometry having various
extensions and without extensions is compared. Near about ranging 5% to 13% more heat
transfer can be achieved with these various extensions on fin as compare to same geometry of
fin without these extensions.
8
Viveksheel Yadav [3] has noticed that fins with curved or notches gives the best results
reducing in cost of the material so here in this paper we have discussed various designs of fins
with detailed research papers to study the optimized heat transfer rate with different materials.
Material also plays an important role so for dissipation of heat process
M.J. ALshukri [4] This study is a numerical study. It investigates the steady state flow of fluid
by natural convection in three dimensions as well as the transfer of heat for a set of innovative
shapes of fin array. This study utilized four different shapes of fin array as well as the absence
of fins. The different forms are as follows: straight, vertical (sine wave along y-axis), horizontal
(sine wave along z-axis) and sweep (sine wave along both y and z axis). We examined the
following parameters of the fin: geometrical dimension and thermal properties. In the steady
state thermal analysis, an analysis of the differences in temperature regarding the distance at
which heat flow takes place through the fin is carried out using CFX Ansys 15. The result
shows that the sine wave along z-axis increases the transfer of heat more than the fin array of
other shapes. Nusselt number increased as a result of the increasing heat flux which is exerted
on the base as a boundary condition.
Pradeep Kr. Kurmi [5] The Engine cylinder is one of the primary engine elements, that is subjected
to excessive temperature variations and thermal stresses. Fins are placed on the surface of the cylinder
to enhance the amount of heat transfer by convection. For thermal analysis of the engine cylinder fins,
it is more beneficial to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. Present study has been done to
enhance knowledge about the various researches done in recent years which show that heat transfer by
fins depend upon on variety of fins, fin pitch, fin layout, wind velocity, fabric and climate situations.
Literature survey shows that heat transfer is enhanced through extended surfaces and the heat transfer
coefficient is affected by changing cross section of the fins. This study is useful to recognize the better
geometry and material for the fins for higher heat dissipation rate and engine cooling.
Charan et. al. [6] analyzed extended surfaces, which are commonly used to enhance
convection heat transfer in a wide range of engineering applications. The conception of
introducing perforations on the lateral surface of fin is to enhance heat transfer rate effectively.
From the research, it is evident that tip temperature is minimum for aluminum triangularly
perforated with three perforations in it and heat transfer is maximum for triangularly perforated
9
with three perforations of aluminum material. From research study, it shows that Nusselt
number increases for perforated fin when compared with non- perforated fin. Therefore it is
concluded that a three triangle laterally perforated aluminum is most suitable for the fin
applications.
Sangaj et. al. [7] experimentally found out the temperature distribution within the pin fin made
of different material and geometries and performed steady state heat transfer analysis using a
finite element software ANSYS to test and validate results. The main aim of the work is to
optimize the thermal properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of fins. The
present work is successfully carried out by comparing various parameters (shape, geometry,
material) of pin-fin. The different types of shape and material have been chosen for the
comparison. Analysis has been carried out in ANSYS. From above two cases it is found that
copper circular hollow pin-fin and copper rectangular pin- fin are the most optimum pin-fins.
Beldar et. al. [8] performed steady thermal analysis by using CFD software. Air Flow analysis,
pressure drop analysis had performed. The notch size is varying from 10%, 20% and 30% the
heat input is varying from 25 watt, 45 watt and 65 watt. In area not compensated fin array
though area of fin will decrease still heat transfer increase. with compensation fin array the
central material of fin is exposed to fresh cold air again it is found that heat transfer is
increasing. After provision of notch at the central portion of fin leads to change of flow pattern
of natural air, increase in the air velocity across channel, Variation of air pressure across
channel and increase of air temperature in cylindrical heat sink.
Rajesh et. al. [9] analyzed the thermal properties by varying geometry, material (Cu and Al
alloy 6082), distance between the fins and thickness of cylinder fins. The Fins models are
created by varying the geometry circular and also by varying thickness of the fins for both
geometries. The 3D modeling software Pro/Engineer &UniGraphics were used. Thermal
analysis was done on the cylinder fins to determine variation temperature distribution over
time. The analysis was done using ANSYS. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder
fins, it has been concluded that it is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder.
Jain et. al.[10] analyzed the thermal heat dissipation of fins by varying its geometry.
Parametric models of fins have been developed to predict the transient thermal behavior. There
after models were created by varying the geometry such as rectangular, circular, triangular and
10
fins with extension. The modeling software CREO Parametric 2.0 has been used. The analysis
has been done using ANSYS 14.5. It is discussed that presently material which is used for
manufacturing fin body is generally Aluminum Alloy 204 which has thermal conductivity of
110-150W/m-⁰C. After determining the material, the third step is to increase the heat transfer
rate of the system by varying geometrical parameters such as cross sectional area, parameter,
length, thickness, etc. which ultimately leads us to fins of varying shape and geometries.
Kummitha et. al. [11] studied thermal analysis of cylinder block. The thermal analyses were
performed with various alloys to find out the best material which gave the best heat transfer
rate through it and kept the engine in safe working condition and also had high strength with
light weight. For this study, passion pro bike cylinder block was considered and modeled by
using GAMBIT software and also thermal analyses were performed by using ANSYS software.
Hence in this study, some of aluminium alloys are also considered for thermal analysis and
compared all the results for best one. it is to be concluded that A380 had the better heat transfer
rate along with more strength as compared with other considered alloys.
Ravikumar et. al. [12] discussed about the geometric variables and design of heat sink for
enhancing the thermal performance is experimented. This project makes use of thermal
evaluation to perceive a cooling answer for a computer pc, which uses a 5 W CPU. The design
was able to cool the chassis with heat sink joined to the CPU whichwas adequate to cool the
whole machine. This work considered the round cylindrical pin fins and square plate heat sink
fins layout with aluminium base plate and the control of CPU heat sink procedures. An
opportunity model of heat fins has been designed to increase heat dissipation. In ANSYS,the
proposed substance has been analyzed and the consequences of regular state and transient
thermal evaluation are taken for comparison.
Sandeep Kumar et. al. [13] Studied heat transfer rate from the heating zone in IC engine, for
that transient thermal analysis have been performed on actual design of Bajaj discover 125 CC
single cylinder engine. Transient thermal analyses were performed for actual and proposed
design of engine cylinder in order to optimize geometrical parameters and enhanced heat
transfer from the IC engine. Result revel that the proposed designof IC engine has better
performance and heat transfer rate from the heating zone in the IC engine that is why the result
11
of present work are found to be more concentrated on it and also proposed replacement of new
design. Transient thermal analysis has been performed on actual design and also on two
different geometrical designs at ambient temperature of 25 0C.
Mogaji et. al. [14] performednumerical analysis of heat flow through fin of a rectangular
profile surface with and without considering radiation heat loss. The effects of physical
parameters which include: length, L, thickness, t, fin metal type and emissivity, å, on the fin
thermal performance have been comparatively studied. It was observed that heat dissipation
rate for the fin with thermal radiation was higher than those without thermal radiation
independently of the fin type metal considered in the study. For studying the effect of increasing
the fin material emissivity subjected to the cases of considering radiation, heat loss, appreciable
enhancement of the fin thermal performance was observed for aluminium and copper materials
compared to stainless steel material.
Arefin [15] introduced modified pin design for pin fin heat sink where the pins have been
expanded outward. After that, thermal analysis of the conventional pin fin heat sink and the
modified pin fin heat sink has been conducted numerically for natural convection for circular
shape in inline arrangement assuming steady state condition. The modified pin fin heat sink
has been observed to perform better than the conventional ones. For this numerical thermal
analysis has been used with the help of Solidwork. The proposed model of the modified pin fin
heat sink has been created in a virtual environment. The conventional model of pin fin heat
sink was also created in the same environment for comparison. Thermal analysis of the
conventional model and the modified model was conducted and compared successfully.
Balendra et. al. [16] performed experimental analysis and simulation for rectangular
unnotched fin and validated it for different thermal loads. After that the authorsworked for
different forms of constant area as an inverted notched fin. All above result of the distribution
of temperature, velocity vector plot, Nusselt no. and the heat transfer coefficient, it was
concluded that the heat transfer coefficient increased continuously in all cases but inverted
triangular notched fin gave maximum heat transfer rate. Inverted trapezoidal notched fin gave
6.08 W/m2°k heat transfer coefficient which was better than inverted rectangular notched fin
which give 5.67 W/m2°k heat transfer. As per the result, it is concluded that heat transfer rate
12
of inverted triangular notched fin has been increased by almost 50.51% as compared to
rectangular unnotched fin.
Kongre et. al. [17] analyzed the temperature distribution by varying geometry and thickness
of cylinder fins using ANSYS workbench. By doing experimental work on array of perforated
fins of solid Vs square & circular perforation it is observed that; Nusselt number of solid as
well as perforated fins increase with increase in Reynolds number. Also for same size of
perforations square perforations give slight higher percentage of effectiveness improvement
in square holes than circular. Thus the authors concluded that even though the attempts have
been made to modify several parameters related to fin for HT augmentation, but still there is a
vast scope for fin designmodification.
From the literature survey,it was concluded that a study on curved fins could be defined
as this particular topic has received little attention
13
CHAPTER 3
Design theory has been approached and interpreted in many ways from personal
statements of design principles, through constructs of the philosophy of design to a search for
a design science. In this design we have calculated the heat flux for fins of different geometries
.The required heat flux calculations are also done for different shapes of fins .
In this theoretical design we will know all the required parameters to calculate the heat
flux for the rectangular fin. In order to analyze the heat flux for fins of various shapes we have
decided to do the project.
14
3.3 Heat Flux Calculation :
Tb 117o c , T 22o c
hl 16 w / m2 , k 237 w / mK
L 62.8mm
p 2 w h 2 60 5 130mm
A w * h 60*5 300mm2
hp 16*0.130
m 3 29.25457 5.40874
kA 237*0.3*10
tanh(ml ) (hl )
mk
Q (Tb T ) (hpkA)
0.5
1 hl
tanh(ml )
mk
16
tanh(5.40874*0.0628) { }
Q (117 22)
(5.40874*237) 3
(16*0.130*237*0.3*10 )
1 16
tanh(5.40874*0.0628)
(5.40874*237)
0.339663
95* *0.3845620 W
1.0040838
12.35857092 W
Q
Heat flux
A
12.35857092 W
3 3 2
80*10 *60*10 m
2574.702274 W / m2
For 4 no.of Fins ,
Q
Heat flux 4*2574.702274 W / m2
A
10,298.8091 W / m2
15
For Aluminium
Heat flux=10,298.8091 W / m2
For Copper
Heat flux=10401.382 W / m2
For Magnesium
Heat flux=10150.765 W / m2
Hence the heat flux of rectangular fin for different materials are calculated. The dimensions are
in S.I unit. Hence the theoretical design is done by the above calculations. The design is to
formulate a plan for the satisfaction of a special need or to solve a problem.
16
CHAPTER 4
3D MODELLING OF FINS
4.1 Introduction
CATIA is 3D CAD modelling software used to design, visualize, and test product ideas.
It allows you to create product prototypes that accurately simulate the weight, stress, friction,
driving loads, and much more of products and their components in a simulated 3D environment.
It enables the Creation of 3D parts, 3D sketches, sheet metal, composites and moulded for or
tooling Parts up to the definition of mechanical assemblies
It provides took to complete product definition, ink hiding functional tolerances, as well
as kinematics definition CATIA provides a wide range of applications for tooling design, for
both generic tooling and mold & die. In the case of Aerospace engineering an additional module
named the aerospace Sheet metal design offers the user combine the capabilities of generative
Sheet metal design and generative surface design.
17
4.2 Procedure
The Sketcher workbench is a set of tools that helps you create and constrain 2D
geometries. Features (pads, pockets, shafts, etc...) may then be created solids or modifications
to solids using these 2D profiles. You can access the Sketcher workbench in many ways. Two
simple ways are by using the top pull down menu (Start – Mechanical Design – Sketcher), or
by selecting the Sketcher icon. When you enter the sketcher, CATIA requires that you choose
a plane to sketch on. You can choose this plane either before or after you select the Sketcher
icon. To exit the sketcher, select the Exit Workbench icon
The Sketcher workbench contains the following standard workbench specific toolbars:
Profile toolbar: The commands located in this toolbar allow you to create simple
geometries (rectangle, circle, line, etc...) and more complex geometries (profile, spline,
etc...).
Operation toolbar: Once a profile has been created, it can be modified using
commands such as trim, mirror, chamfer, and other commands located in the Operation
toolbar.
Constraint toolbar: Profiles may be constrained with dimensional (distances, angles,
etc...) or geometrical (tangent, parallel, etc...) constraints using the commands located
in the Constraint toolbar.
Sketch tools toolbar: The commands in this toolbar allow you to work in different
modes which make sketching easier.
Part design environment is used to create 3D models from the basic 2D sketches created
in sketcher environment.
creating the base part 2D sketch
converting 2D sketch to required 3D model by using features like extrude, extrude cut,
revolve, sweep, chamfers, fillets, holes, spiral etc.
Saving the file with desired part name.
18
Fig 4.1 Curved Fins Design in CATIA
19
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Introduction
Ansys provides a common platform for product development, from design concept to
final-stage testing and validation. The company's product portfolio consists of simulation
platform offerings that are used in diverse multi-physics fields like heat transfer, fluid
mechanics, statics, solid mechanics, etc. However, Ansys is best known for finite element
analysis (FEA), which has gained popularity as a modelling and simulation tool over the years
(and especially since the introduction of powerful computers) in solving a gamut of complex
engineering problems
Finite-element method (FEM) is a good choice for the analysis of sheet metal processes
since it helps in eliminating the need for time-consuming experiments to optimize the process
parameters such as sheet metal thickness, the material of the sheet, punch fillet and percentage
20
clearance. The FEM simulations are increasingly used for investigating and optimizing the
punching process. Computer simulations reduce the number of experiments and can obtain
accurate results. The results depend on the element type and type of mesh considered for
analysis.
21
Fig 5.2 geometry selection
22
Fig 5.4 Applying boundary conditions
23
Fig 5.6 Temperature Distribution of horizontal curved Fins
24
Fig 5.8 FEA Analysis on Vertical curved Fins
25
Fig 5.10 Temperature Distribution of Rectangular Fins
26
5.5 Description of the Tabular Data
The temperature distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA
analysis for different energy inputs is specified in tables below.
It can be observed that the temperarure has increase with the increase in input energy.It
can also be observed that for any given energy input,the temperature is more uniform in copper
as compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal conductivity.It can also be
observed that the maximum temperature of the fin is least for copper among the materials
choosen
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the temperature
in rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.
The heat flux distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA analysis for
different energy inputs is specified in tables below
It can be observed that the heat flux has increase with the increase in input energy. It
can also be observed that for any given energy input, the heat flux is more uniform in copper
as compared to other materials since it possess higher thermal conductivity. It can also be
observed that the maximum heat flux of the fin is high for copper among the materials choosen.
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderately higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy input.
This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for curved fin. The results of FEA
are tabulated in tables 5.1 to 5.9
27
FEA Analysis of Rectangular Fin at 50 Watts
able 5.1
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
Table 5.2
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
28
FEA Analysis of Horizontal Curved FIN AT 50 WATTS
W/m2
Table 5.4
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
Table 5.5
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
Table 5.6
29
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
Table 5.7
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
Table 5.8
TOTAL
TOTAL HEAT TOTAL HEAT HEATFLUX
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
MATERIAL FLUX (MIN) FLUX (MAX) (AVG)
(MIN) °𝑪 (MAX) °𝑪 (AVG) °𝑪
W/m2 W/m2
W/m2
Table 5.9
30
Temperature Distribution in °𝑪 Compression at 50W Input
Table 5.10
Table 5.11
31
CHAPTER 6
The present work has dealt with the study of heat transfer from curved fins by
analytically using software. In comparison between curved fins and rectangular fins was also
accomplished to obtain an idea on the effectiveness of curved fins.
This study was carried out assuming similar boundary conditions for rectangular and
curved fins. The curved fins and rectangular fins are assumed to be of same length and
thickness.
The study was done for three different types of materials i.e copper, aluminum.
magnesium. This materials were chosen as fins are generally fabricated of high thermal
conductivity materials.Further the analysis was done for three different heat fluxes.
A detailed study of temperature and heat flux distribution was achieved for both the
configurations chosen under the considered heat fluxes for three different materials.
Temperature distribution in 0C
104
103.03 103.07
103 102.67
102
101
100
99.244 99.278
99 98.891
98
97
96
Copper Aluminiu Magnesium
m
Rectangular Curved
32
6.2 Temperature distribution Rectangular VS Curved
The temperature distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA analysis for
different energy inputs
It can be observed that the temperarure has increase with the increase in input energy.It
can also be observed that for any given energy input,the temperature is more uniform in copper
as compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal conductivity.It can also be
observed that the maximum temperature of the fin is least for copper among the materials
choosen
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the temperature
in rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.
The heat flux distribution for curved and rectangle fins obtained through FEA analysis
for different energy inputs.
It can be observed that the heat flux has increase with the increase in input energy.It
33
can also be observed that for any given energy input,the heat flux is more uniform in copper as
compared to other materails since it possess higher thermal conductivity.It can also be observed
that the maximum heat flux of the fin is high for copper among the materials choosen.
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin
250
200
150
100
50
0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts
Graph 6.3 Temperature distribution of Rectangular Fin for three different materials
34
Temperature Distribution in 0C (curved fin)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts
Graph 6.4 Temperature distribution of Curved Fin for three different materials
From the graph it can be inferred that the temperature in rectangular is moderatively
higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy input.This can be attributed to the
higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.
35
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts
Rectangular Horizontal curved Vertical Curved
36
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
50 Watts 100 Watts 150 Watts
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderatively higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy
input.This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for cuved fin.
37
Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2 (50 watts input)
43500
43000
42500
42000
41500
41000
40500
40000
39500
39000
Aluminium Copper magnesium
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Aluminium Copper Magnesium
38
Heat Flux Distribution in W/m2(150 Watts input)
132000
130000
128000
126000
124000
122000
120000
118000
116000
Aluminium Copper Magnesium
Graph 6.10 Heat Flux Distribution Of Materials At 150 Watts Input
Comparison between rectangular and curved fins it can be inferred that the heat flux in
rectangular is moderately higher than the curved fin for any material at a given energy input.
This can be attributed to the higher heat transfer surface area for curved fin.
39
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSIONS
7.1 Conclusions
Fins are widely accepted for dissipating large chunks of heat from different devices
where heat is generated . A no of conventional fins are arranged in parallel on a common
base plate which is fixed to the device from which heat has to be dissipated.
The present work proposes to use curved fins instead of regular rectangular fins and
study their heat transfer performance. This objective has been fulfilled by adopting
analytical methods. The curved fins are compared with rectangular fins with reference
to the temperature distribution and heat flux. The modelling and analysis was carried
out by using CATIA and ANSYS workbench respectively. The following conclusions
were drawn from the steady state thermal analysis of both the fins.
The analysis was done for three materials i.e copper, aluminium and
magnesium.
Copper exhibited the best results in terms of temperature distribution and
heat flux due to its high thermal conductivity.
The curved fins were better off when compared with rectangular fins as
they have high heat transfer area
When comparison of horizontal and vertical configurations gave best
results as the heat dissipation rate was higher.
The enhancement and heat transfer rate with curved fins when compared
with rectangular fins is in the ratio 5:6
7.2 Future Scope:
From the present study, it can be inferred that though curved fins are difficult to
manufacture, they passes better heat transfer characteristics.
To optimize the curvature and material requirements,further analysis is required.
CFD analysis can be performed to get optimized results of fins heat transfer related to
enclosed geometry
Forced convection analysis can also be performed using FEA
40
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