Six Sigma

1. __________________can be measured against a benchmark in a process. A

a) Performance
b) Outcome of the process (Y)
c) Operational Efficiency
d) All of the above

2. “If P value is >=0.5, then the process is said to be Normal” – Indicate what type of
statistics is being used? B
a) Descriptive
b) Inferential
c) Expression
d) None of the above

3. Ratio and Interval Scale of measurements are based on ______________type of data

A
a) Discrete & Attribute
b) Discrete & Continuous
c) Variable & Continuous
d) Continuous & Attribute

4. The Pareto Graph is used to represent ____________ scale of measurement. B

a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Ratio
d) Interval

5. --------------------- helps to understand Process behavior for parametric distribution. B

 a) Median
b) Range
c) Mean
d) Variance

6. Which of the following is not a Measure of Central Tendency. A

a) Geometric Mean
b) Median
c) Mode
d) Arithmetic Mean

7. The measure which helps to understand the spread of variation is called as __________
B
a) Quartile 1
b) Cpk
c) Mode
d) Variance

8. The distance between Quartile1 (Q1) and Quartile3 (Q3) is called as __________ and
it helps to understand ___________ of process variation. A
a) Inter Quartile Range and Width
b) Quartile Range and Height
c) Quartile 2 and Width
d) Median and Width

9. Box Plot Graph is used to_______________________ . The choice of answer could be

more than one. [multiple choice] B
a) Identify outliers
b) Differentiate before and after Improvements.
c) It is suited for time ordered data and parametric distribution.
d) B and C only
10. The Graph which helps to identify and prioritize problems to be solved B
a) Control Chart
b) Histogram Chart
c) Fish Bone Graph
d) Pareto Chart

11. The Control Chart would help us to determine whether the process is A
a) Stable
b) Capable
c) Correlation
d) Prediction

12. What kind of Graph would help us to analyze stability of non-parametric distribution
of data points A
a) P Chart
b) I-mR Chart
c) C Chart
d) Box Plot

13. If the sample value of sub group size is n=1, choose the appropriate type of control
chart for outlier analysis. B
a) P Chart
b) I-mR Chart
c) C Chart
d) NP Chart

14. If special causes assigned in the process variations, then the UCL and LCL would be
recomputed without removing those outliers. A
a) True
b) False
15. Which of the following tools indicates a relationship between X and Y variables, and
provides a visual correlation coefficient. A
a) Cause (X) and Effect (Y) Diagram
b) Pareto Chart
c) Scatter Diagram
d) Control Chart

16. The data set is having 100 values of effort variance in % for different project releases,
indicate what type of distributions would be suited for understanding the process
behavior C
a) Poison
b) Binomial
c) Normal
d) Exponential

17. The area under the curve value is 1, then the mean, median and mode values would be
same B
a) True
b) False

18. A process has its CPk value less than 1. The process is __________ . A
a) Stable
b) Capable
c) Not Capable
d) None of the above

19. What is the Probability value of the area under the curve between +1.0 and +2.0
Standard deviation units in Normal Distribution? C
 a) 0.3413
b) 0.4772
c) 0.1359
d) 0.8185

20. Three Standard Deviations on left and right side of the mean would include what %
of the total data points in Normal Distribution? A
a) 68 %
b) 97 %
c) 99 %
d) 95 %

21. Which of the below statistical tests helps in decision making based on data
inferences? B
a) Mode
b) Hypothesis Test
c) Skewness
d) Stability Test

22. An observation above upper Control limit is concluded as? B

a) Process special cause variation
b) Process common cause variation
c) Process performance
d) No variation

23. If the effort variance of your project shows a negatively skewed normal distribution
curve, what will you infer from the following? C
a) This means that the project is proactively finishing ahead of time
b) Project is in control
c) Project is influenced by lot of special causes
d) None of the above
24. Critical to Quality parameters are derived from C
a) Voice of Customer
b) Measure of central tendency
c) Data dispersion diagrams
d) Regression analysis

25. Voice of Customer is B

a) A table to collect raw voices of Customers
b) A software tool to automatically update customer feedbacks
c) First used in Measure phase
d) All of the above

26. Six Sigma is a term used to indicate that there are 6 Standard Deviations below and
above the process mean and within upper and lower specification limits. A
a) True
b) False

27. Quality and the Critical-to-Quality (CTQ’s) are both subjective terms that are defined
by the _______________. C
a) Management team
b) Line Supervisor
c) Customer
d) Design team

28. A Process is operating at 6 Sigma: B

a) We can expect 3.2 defects per million opportunities
b) It has a yield of 99.997%
c) We can expect 3.4 defects per million opportunities
 d) It has a yield of 99.9967%

29. A normal Distribution can best be described as: B

a) Bell-shaped, a variance of 1, the mean=median=mode
b) Bell-shaped, symmetrical about the mean, a single mode
c) Un-Symmetrical about the mean, a natural tolerance of three standard deviations,
unimodal

30. A process is in-control and stable. Describe the type of variation that exists in the
process. B
a) Special Cause variation
b) Natural Variation
c) Out-the-ordinary variation
d) Non-random variation

31. Indicate which control char(s) is the most sensitive for measuring time as data C
a) np chart
b) X bar R Chart
c) P Chart
d) Individuals and Moving Range

32. Which Steps should you take when you notice special causes in a control chart? B
a) Do nothing
b) Continue taking data measurements to confirm your belief
c) Stop and identify the Special Causes
d) Stop, identify the special Causes and eliminate them

33. If the salary of professionals is inversely proportional to their age, it indicates

___________ relationship between the two variables? B
 a) Positive
b) Negative
c) No Correlation

34. An attribute chart can be represented by all of the following EXCEPT: A

a) P Chart
b) R Chart
c) NP Chart
d) C Chart

35. List the following Sampling Plan steps in the correct sequence. 1) Decide who will
collect the data, who will analyze it, and who will report the results. 2) Formulate a clear
statement of the problem being addressed with the data. 3) List all of the important
characteristics to be measured. 4) Select the best measurement technique for the desired
data. 5) Define precisely what is to be measured with the data. B
a) 5,2,3,4,1
b) 2,5,3,4,1
c) 1,2,5,3,4
d) 5,1,2,4,3

36. A type of bar chart displaying the frequency of occurrence is called a

_______________. A
a) X bar R Control Chart
b) Pareto Chart
c) Histogram
d) Cumulative Frequency Graph

37. A company using Six Sigma methodology is operating at a 99.99967% defect-free

rate. What is its Sigma Level and failure rate? B
a) 3 Sigma, 3.4 DPMO
 b) 4.5 Sigma, 233 DPMO
c) 5.0 Sigma, 233 DPMO
d) 6 Sigma, 3.4 DPMO

38. A process has a CP = 1 and Cpk = 1. Interpret these capability indices: B

a) The process is centered but not capable
b) The process is not in control
c) The process is not capable
d) The Process is centered and capable

39. ANALYZE phase - includes C

a) Identify Vital Project X’s and statistically validate them
b) Communicate & sign off to close Project
c) Generate Potential Solutions & Assess Failure Mode
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

40. ______ is a document that provides a framework and objective for an improvement
project. C
a) Goal Statement
b) Business Case
c) Problem Statement
d) Project Charter
e) Project Scope

41. A sample that will lead to incorrect conclusions about the population and which will
not be representative of the population is C
a) Clustered
b) Biased
c) Random
d) Stratified random
e) None of the above
42. If you were a Six Sigma Deployment Leader in the organization, what will you first
do? C
a) Develop a vision and mission for the organization and execute a Six Sigma
Deployment plan in the organization
b) Perform statistical analysis in the process and identify root causes
c) Help process achieve its metrics by executing process improvement projects
d) Identify areas of best practices and guide green belts to execute them
e) Achieve goals given by the project Champion

43. One of the key roles of a Champion (Sponsor) is ____________________ C

a) Hire team of Master Black Belt, Black Belts, among others
b) Develop process maps
c) Perform Statistical Analysis
d) Play a pivotal role in that they own the processes of the business and,
therefore, must ensure process improvements are captured and sustained
e) Conduct a brainstorming session

44. They set very clear scope for all Six Sigma projects. They are responsible for
approving any changes to the scope of the project. B
a) Six Sigma Deployment Leader
b) Champion (Sponsor)
c) Master Black Belt
d) Black Belt
e) Green Belt

45. They are expert statisticians and help the Black Belts in case of issues. B
a) Six Sigma Deployment Leader
b) Champion (Sponsor)
c) Master Black Belt
d) Black Belt
e) Green Belt

46. He drives more than one process improvement projects within the functional area and
achieves the savings and quality goals. B
a) Six Sigma Deployment Leader
 b) Champion (Sponsor)
c) Master Black Belt
d) Black Belt
e) Green Belt

47. These are the project-specific, full-or part-time resources that provide process and
cross-functional knowledge, as well as help to sustain the gains. A
a) Yellow Belt
b) Champion (Sponsor)
c) Master Black Belt
d) Black Belt
e) Green Belt

48. What type of error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true? B
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV

49. Cp and Cpk represent long-term capability, while Pp and Ppk represent short-term
capability? B
a) True
b) False

50. Suppose .12 grams of insect parts is found in 50 kilograms of product, what is the
Parts per million (PPM)? B
a) .24
b) 2.4
c) 12
d) none of these

51. A ________ chart is a type of chart used in process/project planning and control to
display planned work and finished work in relation to time? A
 a) Control
b) Mean
c) Range
d) Gantt

52. What does SIPOC stand for? B

a) Suppliers Investment Procedures Organize Customers
b) Suppliers Inputs Process Outputs Customers
c) System Inputs Programs Outputs Customers
d) System Inputs Process Outputs Customers
53. ______________ sampling is the process of selecting units for a sample in such a
manner that all combinations of units under consideration have an equal or ascertainable
chance of being selected for the sample? C
a) Stratified
b) Random
c) Cluster
d) Systematic

54. A range chart displays the variation or spread of a process? A

a) True
b) False

55. Continuous or variables data result from characteristics that are counted? B
a) True
b) False

56. Six Sigma can best be defined as: C

a) A management methodology that uses only statistical tools to improve the
customer experience.
b) A customer-focused problem solving methodology that uses powerful
statistical tools to reduce variation and improve processes.
c) A management methodology that is primarily focused on achieving financial
results.
 d) A customer-focused problem solving methodology used exclusively within the
manufacturing sector

57. Which Role is not traditionally performed by a Green Belt? B

a) Data Gathering
b) Analysis
c) Lead Small Projects
d) Coach and mentor other Six Sigma Practitioners

58. Arrange the Six Sigma Process improvement approach in the correct sequence: 1)
Measure, 2) Define, 3) Control, 4) Improve, 5) Analyze B
a) 2, 5, 1, 4, 3
b) 1, 2, 5, 4, 3
c) 3, 2, 1, 5, 1
d) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3

59. A process has a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 2. What is the tolerance of
the process that exhibits the limits of normal variation? C
a) 5 to 15
b) 4 to 16
c) 2 to 8
d) 6 to 14

60. A normal Distribution can best be described as: B

a) Bell-shaped, a variance of 1, the mean=median=mode
b) Bell-shaped, symmetrical about the mean, a single mode
c) Un-Symmetrical about the mean, a natural tolerance of three standard deviations,
unimodal
d) Symmetrical about the mean, bell-shaped, discrete data

61. Indicate which are examples of variable data: 1)Length, 2)Weight, 3)Decision on a
coin toss, 4)Dollars, 5)Days A
a) 1,3,4,5
b) 1,2,4
c) 1,2,4,5
d) 1,4,5
62. Which one of the characteristics below does not reflect common cause variation: B
a) Trend
b) In-Control
c) Predictable
d) Stable

63. Which Steps should you take when you notice special causes in a control chart? A
a) Do nothing
b) Continue taking data measurements to confirm your belief
c) Stop and identify the Special Causes
d) Stop, identify the special Causes and eliminate them

64. Your control chart shows seven consecutive points on one side of the mean. What
does this indicate? C
a) The process is in-control (within the UCL and LCL)
b) The process appears to be too table and should be questioned
c) The process needs to be checked for special causes
d) The wrong control chart has been selected

65. The number of data points for a sample is 100. Indicate the approximate number of
classes one needs to use for grouped data? B
a) 10
b) 5
c) 20
d) 100

66. The Cp and Cpk values both turn out to be 1.9. What does this indicate? B
a) Process is capable
b) Process is capable but not centered
c) Process is highly capable and centered
d) Process is not capable

67. A process you are monitoring produces 150,000 customer transactions per year. Your
analysis indicates the percent non-conforming is 0.2%. What is the DPMO? C
 a) 300
b) 1,800
c) 2,000
d) 20,000

68. A process you are monitoring produces 150,000 customer transactions per year. Your
analysis indicates the percent non-conforming is 0.2%. What is the number of defective
transactions? C
a) 300
b) 1,800
c) 2,000
d) 20,400

69. The histogram you have constructed is skewed to the left. What should you do? C
a) Consult with your legal department
b) Develop the appropriate control chart
c) It is still a normal distribution
d) Stop the process and bring it back into control

70. List the following Sampling Plan steps in the correct sequence. 1) Decide who will
collect the data, who will analyze it, and who will report the results. 2) Formulate a clear
statement of the problem being addressed with the data. 3) List all of the important
characteristics to be measured. 4) Select the best measurement technique for the desired
data. 5) Define precisely what is to be measured with the data. C
a) 5,2,3,4,1
b) 2,5,3,4,1
c) 1,2,5,3,4
d) 5,1,2,4,3

71. Select the key attributes of successful Six Sigma programs. 1) Senior management
commitment 2) High ROI projects 3) Projects with short durations 4) Proper funding 5)
Well-trained staff 6) Properly scoped projects C
a) 1,3,5,6
b) 1,4,5,6
c) 1,5,6
d) 1,2,4,5,6

72. These provide support, resources and remove roadblocks. They have more in-depth
understanding of the methods - measurements and interpretations of process
measurements. They are referred to as: C
 a) Champions
b) Master Black Belts
c) Steering Committee
d) Process Owners

73. What are the 3 key attributes of Six Sigma that best summarize why it is a compelling
methodology for reducing variation and improving processes in the mind of Senior
Management? C
a) Data Driven, Creative, Streamlined
b) Customer Focused, Data Driven, ROI Oriented
c) Customer Focused, Statistical Emphasis, Conformity - Driven
d) Data Driven, Methodical, ROI Oriented

74. Select 3 types of Analysis tools to identify root causes/data relationships commonly
used in the Six Sigma methodology. B
a) Control Charts, Pareto Charts, Fish-Bone Diagrams
b) Pareto Charts, Capability Indices, Control Charts
c) Pareto Charts, Fish-Bone Diagrams, Scatter Plot Diagrams
d) Scatter Plot Diagrams, Pareto Charts, Correlation

75. List the 3 key activities - in correct order - for determining if a process is normally
distributed, in-control and capable of consistently meeting customer requirements. B
a) Construct a histogram, Prepare Control Charts, Calculate Capability Indices
b) Construct a SIPOC, Prepare Control Charts, Calculate Cp and Cpk.
c) Calculate the 3 measures of Central Tendency, Calculate Capability Indices,
Prepare Control Charts
d) Prepare CTQs, Construct Control Charts, Calculate Capability Indices

76. The X Bar R Chart uses two control charts to monitor a process. What are they?
a) Mean and Standard Deviation A
b) Mean and Range
c) Mean and Variance
d) Grand Average and Variance

77. A company generates 12,000 orders per month. Each order has the possibility of 4
errors. Approximately, how many opportunities for defects are provided during the year?
B
a) 1,000,000
b) 84,000
c) 144,000
 d) 576,000

78. If the company is operating at 3 Sigma in the above example what is the percent
conformance? A
a) 99.73%
b) 99.97%
c) 99.997%
d) 68.26%

79. What can you say about Control Limits and Specification Limits? C
a) There is no difference between the terms; both are used to indicate if a process is
in control
b) Control Limits are set by the customers; Specification Limits are derived by the
process
c) Control Limits are derived by the process; Specification Limits are set by the
customer
d) Control Limits are typically 3 standard deviations from the mean; Specification
Limits are typically 3 standard deviations from the target

80. A process is out-of-control. Describe the type of variation that exists in the process.
a) Random Variation A
b) Special Cause Variation
c) Common Cause Variation
d) Inherent Variation

81. If no correlation exists between two variables, then: B

a) As one variable changes, one cannot predict a value for the other variable
b) As one variable increases, the other variable decreases
c) As one variable decreases, the other variable decreases
d) As one variable decreases, the other variable increases

82. Collecting the customer needs and converting them to requirements is referred to as:
a) Voice of the Process B
b) Voice of the Customer
c) Requirements Manipulation
d) QFC