LESSON SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS

Lesson Outcomes:

1. Described characteristics of different objects based on the shape and

the space they occupy; and
2. Classified objects and materials as solid, liquid and gas according to
some observable characteristics.

Engage

Look closely at the picture below and read the information. Do you think science
learners will be able to predict the answers to the question below?

Source:http://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/how-to-keep-a-paper-towel-dry-under-water/

1. What will happen to the paper towel inside the glass when it will be submerged
upside down in the basin of water?
2. Will the paper towel inside the glass stay dry for a long time? Why?
 Explore

Let us try the following activities.

Activity 1: Describe the Object’s Shape and Space Occupied

Materials needed:
3 object of different shapes and sizes labelled A, A and C (ex. ping-pong ball,
marble, dice or coin).
3 small transparent plastic containers of different shapes labelled 1, 2, and 3
(ex. square or rectangle, round container, a jar).
Plastic soda water filled with colored water (food coloring can be mixed with
water)
Empty round and elongated balloon
Record notebook

Procedure:
Step 1.
1.1 Place each object A, B and C one at a time, into each of the containers
1, 2 and 3.
1.2 Gently shake the container with its content. Observe and record any
changes in the objects. Remove the objects from the container.
Q1. Press each object A, B and C. Did the shape of objects A, B and C
change?
Q2. Did the size of objects A, B and C change in the three different
containers after shaking?
Q3. The objects in Step 1 are all solids. Based on your observations, what
can you infer about the shape and volume of a solid?
Step 2.
2.1 Pour colored water from the soda bottle into the first plastic container (C1)
used in Part A to fill it. Observe and draw the shape of the colored water
in your notebook.
2.2 Next pour the colored water from the first container (C1) into the second
container (C2). Observe and draw the shape of the colored water inside
the container.
2.3 Pour the colored water from the second container (C2) into the third
container (C3). Again observe and draw the shape of the colored water.
Q4. Did the shape and space occupied by the colored water change when
placed in the different containers?
Q5. From your observations of liquid colored water, what can you infer
about the shape and volume of a liquid?
Step 3.
1.1 Blow air into the round balloon. Tie the opening and observe what
happens to the shape of the air inside the balloon. Press gently the balloon
with your hand. Observe what happens.
1.2 Do the same step using the elongated balloon.
1.3 Predict what will happen to the air inside the 2 balloons when you untie
them. Record your predictions.
1.4 Hold each of the balloon and carefully undo their twisted tie on the neck.
Observe and record your data.
Q6. Describe and explain the shape of the air inside the round and
elongated balloon.
Q7. What happened to the air inside the balloons when these were
untied?
Q8. Air is a mixture of gases. From your observation in step 3, what can
you conclude about the shape and volume of the gas?

Activity 2: Classify Objects and Materials into Solid, Liquid and Gas
Procedure:
1. Classify the materials listed below into solid, liquid, or gas. List the names of the
objects or materials where they appropriately belong. Give reasons for grouping
them together.

Oxygen bottled milk bag cotton

Block of wood air sweat oil

Classification of Materials Reason for Grouping

Matter Together
Solid

Liquid

Gas

Explain

What you just did on the activities is one way of explaining the concept on the
characteristics of liquid, solid and gas through keen observation. To make you understand
more, here are some important information for you who will be teaching the subject in the
future.
A. STATES OF MATTER: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS
All objects on earth can be classified in one of three physical forms or states
such as solid, liquid and gas.
 SOLID is a state of matter that has definite shape and definite volume. It
keeps its own size. Some common examples are marbles, ping-pong ball,
sponge, rock, empty bottle, bag, pen, book, jewelries and many more.
Solids have other special properties. Comparing marble and sponge
even if both are solids yet is different from each other. Some solids are hard
like the marble and others are soft like sponge. Hardness is the ability of the
solids to resist breaking and scraping.
Other solids have distinctive properties like metals. Jewelries such as
rings, bracelets and necklaces are made up of metals, gold, silver or platinum.
These metals can be designed and formed into beautiful accessories
because they are malleable.
Another unique property of metallic solid is ductility, the ability to be
drawn into wire like copper, aluminum and steel. Copper is a metal used for
electrical wiring. It can also be formed into strips or shavings.
Other solids are brittle like chalk, concrete and glass. Brittleness is the
property that makes solids easy to break when a force is applied to it.

 LIQUID is a state of matter that keeps its size but takes the shape of its
container. A liquid can also flow as it is transferred or poured from one
container to another. Juice, water, our body’s sweat, milk, rubbing alcohol
and cola drinks are common examples of a liquid.
 GAS is a state of matter that can freely change its shape and size. It spreads
out to fill its container, Gases flow like liquids. They are very light and often
they cannot be seen. A very common gaseous material is air, which is a
mixture of gases. Other examples are the helium inside an inflated birthday
balloon, water vapor, perfume in the air, fumes from cars and factories,
oxygen gas that we breathe in and carbon dioxide that we expel out.

B. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE STATES OF MATTER ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE

AND SPACE THEY OCCUPY
 The “state” of matter refers to the group of matters with the same properties.
Materials are grouped together according to their properties.
 If a material is grouped as solid, it has a definite shape and volume. The
volume or size of an object or material is the amount of space it occupies.
Consider the different materials in Activity 1. Materials retain their shape and
volume even when they are transferred from one container to another or no
matter where they are placed. Hence they are grouped as solid.
  If a material is in a liquid state, it has a definite volume but follows the shape
of its container. The colored water in the Activity 1 was transferred from one
container to another. The volume of water or its amount or size remained the
same in the process of pouring from one container to another. However, the
water’s shape varies since it occupies whatever space is allowed by its
containing vessel. Thus, it is classified as liquid. It is important to note that
beyond the capacity of its container, liquid will spill.
 A material in a gaseous state has no definite shape or volume. It has the
ability to spread filling out any available space of its container. The air blown
into the balloons of different shapes was a mixture of gases. The shape and
volume of air once inside the balloons also follow the shape and volume of
the container.

Elaborate

You will further understand about the states of matter, by doing these two activities:

1. Make a list of objects or materials that you see at home, in school, in your
environment.
From the list, identify 10 solids, 10 liquids and 10 gases and 10 objects which
you are in doubt of its classification. Make an explanation for your grouping. You
may follow the table format below.
10 solid objects 10 liquid objects 10 gas objects 10 unclassified
objects

Reason for grouping Reason for grouping Reason for grouping Reason for not
including in the solid,
liquid, gas:

2. With your partner, research on the web about QUARKS. Share your findings.
 Evaluate

 For Pre-service teachers

Answer the questions below.
1. What is the best way to teach the concept- state of matter to let students have a
first-hand experience and make them understand better?
2. What state of matter, do you consider difficult to teach? Why?

 For Grade 3 Learners

Part A. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is true about solids?
A. Solids can’t be seen.
B. Solids occupy space.
C. Solids do not have definite shape.
D. Solids follow the volume of its container.
2. Which among the given statements is NOT correct?
A. Solids have different colors.
B. Gases cannot be compressed
C. Solids, liquids and gases occupy space.
D. Liquids take the shape of its containers.

Part B. Look at the pictures that represent the objects identified. Then, complete the
information needed in each box.

Material/Object Mass Shape Volume State of Matter

definite indefinite definite liquid

Ex. cough syrup

Cow’s milk

Inflated tire
 Sugar crystals

Inflated balloon

Let Us Reflect!
As a future teacher, what insights have you learned from Lesson 1? You may include
science processes that your future learners may need.