Week 1 | BSN 2st Semester

HEALTH EDUCATION
Historical Background of Health Education
Lecturer/s: Ma’am Aida Medina

HEALTH EDUCATION b. Interventions are developed to meet the goals.

▪ "Comprising of consciously constructed opportunities for c. According to rule of sufficiency, strategies are
learning involving some form of communication designed implemented which are sufficiently robust, effective
to improve health literacy, including improving enough and have reasonable chance of meeting the
knowledge, and developing life skills which are stated objectives.
conducive to individual and community health." -WHO 3. Plan Health Education Strategies Interventions and
Programs based on priority population
BRIEF HISTORY OF HEALTH EDUCATION a. Implementation is based on a thorough understanding
▪ Ancient people were concerned about their health. of the priority populations
▪ Ancient Greek estates observed sports competitions in b. Utilize a wide range of educational methods and
honor of their gods and goddess. strategies
▪ This requires physical and mental training in order to 4. Conduct Evaluation and Research r/t Health
win. Education
▪ Believes in Plato envisioned about health. a. Health Educators utilizes research to improve the
OVERVIEW OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES practice
b. Depending on the setting, utilizes test, surveys,
▪ Many existing health beliefs and practices in the
observations, tracking of epidemiological data and
Philippines are rooted back in the pre-
other methods of data collection
colonial period.
5. Administer Health Education Strategies, Interventions
▪ This includes magic-religious elements, such as and Programs
beliefs in spirits and sorcery as causes of illness, as a. Administration is generally a function done by
well as empirical aspects such as the use of medicinal experience practitioner
plants. b. Involves facilitating cooperation among personnel both
▪ Archaeological sites in the Philippines have yielded within and between programs
skeletal remains showing intricate ornamental dental 6. Serves as Health Education Resource Person
work and the use of trephination (boring a hole into a. Involves skills to access needed resources and establish
the skull as a magical healing ritual). effective consultative relationships
▪ Health remedies or treatment especially in health 7. Advocate for health and Health Education
education in the primitive era in the Philippines. a. Advocate the profession of Health Education
❖ Albularyo derived from the word herbolario b. Translate scientific knowledge in under stable
meaning Herbalist. information
❖ During the Pre-Hispanic period the function of an c. Address audience diverse in diverse setting
albularyo was fulfilled by babaylan.
❖ A shamanic spiritual leader of the community. EVOLUTION OF THE TEACHING ROLE OF THE NURSE
▪ 1990 - The Philippines entered a modernizing society,
leading to improved health conditions. ❖ Teaching as function within the scope of nursing practice
▪ Fewer doctors are available to serve the population as ❖ Training the trainer
Filipino doctors are leaving the country. ❖ Educating their colleagues
▪ Filipinos rely on faith healers, witch doctors, and self- ❖ Clinical Instructor
declared physicians to reduce medication costs.
EDUCATION PROCESS
▪ 1993 - Hospitals as Centers for Wellness program ▪ It is a systematic, sequential, planned course of action
assigned health education and promotion officers.
consisting of two major interdependent operations,
▪ 2020 - Programs are designed to address health issues. teaching and learning.
▪ Continuity of health programs and education is essential ▪ This process forms a continuous cycle that also involves
to ensure public health awareness.
two interdependent players, the teacher and the learner,
▪ Local governments' decentralized system led to jointly perform teaching and learning activities, the
inequitable distribution of health services.
outcome of which leads to mutually desired behavior
▪ Poor municipalities cannot provide the same services as changes.
urban cities.
TEACHING / INSTRUCTION
▪ The national government is making health services ▪ Teaching is a deliberate intervention that involves the
available to all Filipinos.
planning and implementation of instructional activities
▪ Health Education profession has been helping people and experiences to meet intended learner outcomes
for a very long time. -Rubinson and Alles (1984) according to a teaching plan.
▪ Health Educators are professionals trained to develop ▪ Instruction is a component of teaching that involves the
policies, procedures, intervention and systems to communicating of information about a specific skill in the
improve health. cognitive, psychomotor, or affective domain.
7 KEY AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY ▪ Learning is defined as a change in behavior to includes
skills, knowledge and behavior.
1. Assessing the individual and family community needs • It is can be observed and measured at any time or in
for education any place as a result of exposure to environmental
a. Provides the foundation of program planning stimuli.
b. Determine what health problems might exist in nay age ▪ Patient Education - According to Freidman et al
groups (2011). It is a set of planned educational activities using
c. Includes determination of community resources a combination of method (teaching, counseling to
available to address the problem improve behavior modification) to improve patients’
2. Plan Health Education Strategies Interventions and knowledge and health behaviors.
Programs based on needs assessment
a. Development of goals and objective which are specific
and measurable.

1NCMA112
|P a g e HEALTH EDUCATION | Historical Background of Health Education
 DIFFERENCE OF NURSING PROCESS AND EDUCATION WEEK 5
PROCESS
DESIGNING HEALTH EDUCATION OF AGE SPECIFIC
NURSING PROCESS
GROUP
Assessment - Appraise physical and psychosocial needs
Andragogy, Knowles – theory of adult learning: more
Planning - Develop care plan based on mutual goal setting to learner-centered and less teacher-centered
meet individual needs
Pedagogy - helping children to learn
Implementation - Carry out nursing care interventions using
standard procedures Gerogogy - teaching of older persons : must
accommodate the normal physical, cognitive, and
Evaluation - Determine the physical and psychosocial outcomes
psychosocial changes that occur at this phase of growth
EDUCATION PROCESS and development
Assessment - Ascertain learning needs, readiness to learn
and learning styles DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE

Planning - Develop teaching plan based on mutually • 1-2 yo

predetermined behavioral outcomes to meet individual needs ➢ sensorimotor stage
➢ trust vs. mistrust/ autonomy vs. shame
Implementation - Perform the act of teaching using specific
• 3-5 yo
teaching methods and instructional materials.
➢ preoperational period
Evaluation - Determine behavioral changes (outcomes) in ➢ initiative vs guilt
knowledge, attitudes, and skills • 6-11 yo
➢ concrete operations
ASSURE MODEL
➢ industry vs. inferiority
▪ The Assure model is a paradigm to assist nurses to carry
out and organize and Education Process. • 12-19 yo
➢ formal operation
01 Analyze the learner ➢ identity vs. role confusion
• 20-40 yo
02 State the objectives ➢ intimacy vs. isolation
03 Select instructional materials and tools • 41-64 yo
➢ generativity vs. self-absorption and stagnation
04 Use Teaching materials
• 65 above
05 Requires learner performance. ➢ Ego vs. despair
06 Evaluate/revise the teaching and learning process.

THE ROLE OF THE NURSE EDUCATORT IN STAFF AND

PATIENT EDUCATION

01 Provide clinically competent and coordinated care to the public

02 Involve patients and their families in the decision making regarding

health interventions
03 Provide clients with education and counseling on ethical issues

04 Expand public access to effective care

05 Ensure cost effective and appropriate care for the consumer

06 Provide for prevention of illness and promotion of healthy lifestyles

THE BENEFITS OF EFFECTIVE PATIENT EDUCATION

▪ Promote adherence to healthcare treatment plans.

▪ Improve quality of life.
▪ Decrease patient anxiety.
▪ Maximize independence in ADL.
▪ Increase consumer satisfaction.
▪ Ensure continuity of care.
▪ Effectively reduce complication.
▪ Empower consumer to actively involved in planning for
their care.

NCMA112 HEALTH EDUCATION | Historical Background of Health Education

 Week 2 | BSN 2st Semester

HEALTH EDUCATION
Learning Theories Related to Health Care
Lecturer/s: Ma’am Aida Medina

Learning Theory 3.info’s are coded

▪ Coherent framework of integrated constructs and 4.undertakes based on the info’s
principle that describe, explain, or predict how
people learn (describe the process, provide focus). Social Learning Theory
▪ Bandura, human agency, learner is viewed as
Behavioral Learning Theory – focuses on what the central.
learner observes directly
• Learning is the product of stimulus condition(S) and Attentional Phase – necessary condition.
response(R), Ivan Pavlov 1927, Edward Thorndike Retention Phase – storage of what is observed.
(1932) Reproduction Phase – copies observed behavior.
Motivational Phase – focus motivated to perform
Respondent conditioning or Classical conditioning certain behavior.
Pavlov
• Importance of Stimulus conditions Central Concept
Systematic desensitization
• is a technique based on respondent conditioning 1. Role Modeling - enthusiastic, professionally
fear and anxiety organized
Stimulus Generalization – initial learning by 2. Vicarious Reinforcement – role model perceives
experiences or rewarded

Pavlov – classic conditioning involuntary.

Thorndike – S/R Framework, learning trial/error. Humanistic Learning Theory
Skinner – learning > desirable behavior bc reinforce.
Hull – Based on Thorndike. ▪ Every individual is unique and that all individuals
have a desire to grow in a positive
Classical Conditioning way.
1. Psychological Needs – food, water
▪ Unconditioned Stimulus 2. Safety Needs – security, safety
• is one that unconditionally, naturally and 3. Belongingness/love – relationships
automatically triggers a response. 4. Esteem Needs - feeling accomplishments
▪ Unconditioned Response 5. Self-Actualization – full potential achievement
• is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in
response to the unconditioned stimulus
▪ Conditioned Stimulus
• is previously neutral stimulus that, after
becoming associated with the unconditioned
stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
▪ Conditioned Response
• is the learned response to the previously neutral
stimulus

Operant Conditioning (BF SKINNER)

• is a learning as a change in probability of
response.

+ Reinforcement
• A response or behavior is strengthened by praise
or
reward
-Reinforcement
• A response is strengthened by the removal of
something considered unpleasant

▪ +Punishment – application of unfavorable

▪ -Punishment – removal of unfavorable
Cognitive Learning Theory
▪ changing is the individual’s cognition (perception,
thought, memory, and ways of processing and
structuring information).

Information Process
1.paying attention
2.info’s are processed by the senses
1NCMA112
|P a g e HEALTH EDUCATION | Learning Theories Related to Health Care Gwy
 Week 3 | BSN 2st Semester

HEALTH EDUCATION
Principles of Teaching and Learning in Health Education
Lecturer/s: Ma’am Aida Medina

Principles of Teaching and Learning in Health ▪ Students learn what they practice.
Education ▪ Supervised practice that is most effective occurs
Health education is a process concerned with designing, in a functional education experience.
implementing, and evaluating educational programs that ▪ To be most effective, reward
enable families, groups, organizations, and communities (reinforcement)must follow as immediately as
in achieving, protecting, and sustaining health. possible
▪ Students are motivated through their
Concept of Learning involvement in setting goals and planning
▪ Learning is about a change: the change brought learning activities
about by developing a new skill, understanding a
scientific law, changing an attitude. Principles of Good Teaching Practice
▪ The change is not merely incidental or natural in the ▪ Practice communicates high expectations
way that our appearance changes as we get older. ▪ Respects diverse talents and ways of learning
▪ Learning is a relatively permanent change, usually ▪ Gives prompt feedback
brought about intentionally. ▪ Encourages active learning
▪ Encourages cooperation among students
Concept of Learning ▪ Encourages student-faculty contact
▪ Learning is about a change: the change brought ▪ Practice emphasizes time on task
about by developing a new skill, understanding a
scientific law, changing an attitude. Major barriers to teaching include
▪ The change is not merely incidental or natural in the
lack
way that our appearance changes as we get older. of
▪ Learning is a relatively permanent change, usually
Lack of
time
brought about intentionally. motivation status given to
and skills teaching
Purposes Negative
▪ To contribute to health and well-being by promoting influence of
environment
Lack of
confidence and
lifestyles, community actions and conditions that competence
make it possible to live healthful lives.
▪ Recent developments in the field of health care is to Absence of
third-party
highlight the important role of education in “helping reimburseme Documentation Questionable
the patients and their families assume responsibility nt difficulties effectiveness of
for self-care management”. client education

Hallmarks of Good or Effective Teaching in Nursing MAJOR OBSTACLE TO LEARNING

▪ Professional Competence
Literacy
lack of
▪ Possession of skillful interpersonal problem
time Stress of
illness
relationships with the students.
▪ Desirable Personal Characteristics of the
teacher
▪ Teaching Practice Negative
influence of
Readiness
to learn
▪ Evaluation Practice environme
▪ Availability to students in the laboratory
clinical area.
Extent of needed
behavior changes complexity,
Principles of Teaching and Learning inconvenience
lack of support
from health Denial of of health care
▪ When the subject matter to be learned possesses professional learning need system
meaning, structure is clear to students learning
proceeds rapidly
▪ Readiness is a prerequisite for learning
▪ Students must be motivated to learn
▪ Students are motivated when they attempt tasks
that fall in a range of challenge
▪ When students have knowledge of their learning
progress, performance will be superior to what it
▪ Behaviors that are reinforced (rewarded) are more
likely to be learned.
▪ Directed learning is more effective than
undirected learning.
▪ Problem-oriented approaches to teaching
improve learning.
1NCMA112
|P a g e HEALTH EDUCATION | Principles of Teaching and Learning in Health Education