8th Maths Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
 Chapter 1 Rational Numbers

 Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable
 Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals
 Chapter 4 Practical Geometry
 Chapter 5 Data Handling
 Chapter 6 Squares and Square Roots
 Chapter 7 Cubes and Cube Roots
 Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities
 Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities
 Chapter 10 Visualising Solid Shapes
 Chapter 11 Mensuration
 Chapter 12 Exponents and Powers
 Chapter 13 Direct and Indirect proportions
 Chapter 14 Factorisation
 Chapter 15 Introduction to Graphs
 Chapter 16 Playing with Numbers
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Exercise 1.1
Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Using appropriate properties find:
Solution:
Write the additive inverse of each of the following:
(i) 28
(ii) −59
(iii) −6−5
(iv) 2−9
(v) 19−6
Solution:

Verify that -(-x) = x for
(i) x = 115
(ii) x = −1317
Solution:

Find the multiplicative inverse of the following:
Solution:
Name the property under multiplication used in each of the following:
Solution:
(i) Commutative property of multiplication
(ii) Commutative property of multiplication
(iii) Multiplicative inverse property

Multiply 613 by the reciprocal of −716.
Solution:

Tell what property allows you to compute
Solution:
Since a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c shows the associative property of multiplications.

Is 89 the multiplicative inverse of -118? Why or Why not?
Solution:
Here -118 = −98.
Since multiplicative inverse of 89 is 98 but not −98
89 is not the multiplicative inverse of -118
If 0.3 the multiplicative inverse of 313? Why or why not?
Solution:
Multiplicative inverse of 0.3 or 310 is 103.

Thus, 0.3 is the multiplicative inverse of 313.
Write:
(i) The rational number that does not have a reciprocal.
(ii) The rational numbers that are equal to their reciprocals.
(iii) The rational number that is equal to its negative.
Solution:
(i) 0 is the rational number which does not have its reciprocal
[∵ 10 is not defined]
(ii) Reciprocal of 1 = 11 = 1
Reciprocal of -1 = 1−1 = -1
Thus, 1 and -1 are the required rational numbers.
(iii) 0 is the rational number which is equal to its negative.
Fill in the blanks.
(i) Zero has ……….. reciprocal.
(ii) The numbers ……….. and ……….. are their own reciprocals.
(iii) The reciprocal of -5 is ………
(iv) Reciprocal of 1x, where x ≠ 0 is ……….
(v) The product of two rational numbers is always a …………
(vi) The reciprocal of a positive rational number is ……….
Solution:
(i) no
(ii) -1 and 1
(iii) −15
(iv) x
(v) rational number
(vi) positive
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 1 Rational Numbers Exercise 1.2

Represent these numbers on the number line
(i) 74
(ii) −56
Solution:
(i) 74
Here, point A represents 74 on the number line.
(ii) −56
Here, point B represents −56 on the number line.

Represent −211, −511 , −911 on a number line.
Solution:
We have −211, −511 and −911
Here, point A represents −211 , point B represents −511, point C represents −911
Write five rational numbers which are smaller than 2.
Solution:
Required five rational numbers smaller than 2 are
1, 0, 12, 13 and 14
Find ten rational numbers between −25 and 12.
Solution:

Find five rational numbers between
(i) 23 and 45
(ii) −32 and 53
(iii) 14 and 12
Solution:
Write five rational numbers greater than -2.
Solution:
Required rational numbers greater than -2 are -1, 0, 12, 34 , 1.
Find ten rational numbers between 35 and 34.
Solution:
Given rational numbers are 35 and 34.
Extra Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 1 Rational Numbers
Rational Numbers Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short
Answer Type
Question 1.
Pick up the rational numbers from the following numbers.
67, −12, 0, 10, 1000
Solution:
Since rational numbers are in the form of ab where b ≠ 0.
Only 67, −12 and 0 are the rational numbers.
Question 2.
Find the reciprocal of the following rational numbers:
(a) −34
(b) 0
(c) 611
(d) 5−9
Solution:
(a) Reciprocal of −34 is −43
(b) Reciprocal of 0, i.e. 10 is not defined.
(c) Reciprocal of 611 is 116
(d) Reciprocal of 5−9 = −95
Question 3.
Write two such rational numbers whose multiplicative inverse is same as they are.
Solution:
Reciprocal of 1 = 11 = 1
Reciprocal of -1 = 1−1 = -1
Hence, the required rational numbers are -1 and 1.
Question 4.
What properties, the following expressions show?
(i) 23+45=45+23
(ii) 13×23=23×13
Solution:
(i) 23+45=45+23 shows the commutative property of addition of rational numbers.
(ii) 13×23=23×13 shows the commutative property of multiplication of rational numbers.
Question 5.
What is the multiplicative identity of rational numbers?
Solution:
1 is the multiplicating identity of rational numbers.
Question 6.
What is the additive identity of rational numbers?
Solution:
0 is the additive identity of rational numbers.
Question 7.
If a = 12, b = 34, verify the following:
(i) a × b = b × a
(ii) a + b = b + a
Solution:
Question 8.
Multiply 58 by the reciprocal of −38
Solution:
Question 9.
Find a rational number between 12 and 13.
Solution:
Rational number between
Question 10.
Write the additive inverse of the following:
(a) −67
(b) 101213
Solution:
Question 11.
Write any 5 rational numbers between −56 and 78. (NCERT Exemplar)
Solution:
Question 12.
Identify the rational number which is different from the other three : 23, −45, 12, 13. Explain
your reasoning.
Solution:
−45 is the rational number which is different from the other three, as it lies on the left side of
zero while others lie on the right side of zero on the number line.
Rational Numbers Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer
Type
Question 13.
Calculate the following:
Solution:
Question 14.
Represent the following rational numbers on number lines.
(a) −23
(b) 34
(c) 32
Solution:
Question 15.
Find 7 rational numbers between 13 and 12.
Solution:
Question 16.
Show that:
Solution:
Question 17.
If x = 12, y = −23 and z = 14, verify that x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z.
Solution:
We have x = 12, y = −23 and z = 14
LHS = x × (y × z)
Question 18.
If the cost of 412 litres of milk is ₹8912, find the cost of 1 litre of milk.
Solution:
Question 19.
The product of two rational numbers is 1556. If one of the numbers is −548, find the other.
Solution:
Product of two rational numbers = 1556
One number = −548
Other number = Product ÷ First number
Hence, the other number = −187
Question 20.
Let O, P and Z represent the numbers 0, 3 and -5 respectively on the number line. Points Q, R
and S are between O and P such that OQ = QR = RS = SP. (NCERT Exemplar)
What are the rational numbers represented by the points Q, R and S. Next choose a point T
between Z and 0 so that ZT = TO. Which rational number does T represent?
Solution:
As OQ = QR = RS = SP and OQ + QR + RS + SP = OP
therefore Q, R and S divide OP into four equal parts.
Question 21.
Let a, b, c be the three rational numbers where a = 23, b = 45 and c = −56 (NCERT Exemplar)
Verify:
(i) a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c (Associative property of addition)
(ii) a × (b × c) – (a × b) × c (Associative property of multiplication)
Solution:
Rational Numbers Class 8 Extra Questions Higher Order
Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Question 22.
Rajni had a certain amount of money in her purse. She spent ₹ 1014 in the school canteen,
bought a gift worth ₹ 2534 and gave ₹ 1612 to her friend. How much she have to begin with?
Solution:
Amount given to school canteen = ₹ 1014
Amount given to buy gift = ₹ 2534
Amount given to her friend = ₹ 1612
To begin with Rajni had
Question 23.
One-third of a group of people are men. If the number of women is 200 more than the men,
find the total number of people.
Solution:
Number of men in the group = 13 of the group
Number of women = 1 – 13 = 23
Difference between the number of men and women = 23 – 13 = 13
If difference is 13, then total number of people = 1
If difference is 200, then total number of people
= 200 ÷ 13
= 200 × 3 = 600
Hence, the total number of people = 600
Question 24.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Numbers of rational numbers between two rational numbers is ……….
Solution:
(a) Countless
(b) 611
(c) −32
(d) 35
(e) Commutative
(f) associative
(g) equivalent
(h) 311
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable
Exercise 2.1
Solve the equation: x – 2 = 7.
Solution:
Given: x – 2 = 7
⇒ x – 2 + 2 = 7 + 2 (adding 2 on both sides)
⇒ x = 9 (Required solution)

Solve the equation: y + 3 = 10.
Given: y + 3 = 10
⇒ y + 3 – 3 = 10 – 3 (subtracting 3 from each side)
⇒ y = 7 (Required solution)

Solve the equation: 6 = z + 2
Solution:
We have 6 = z + 2
⇒ 6 – 2 = z + 2 – 2 (subtracting 2 from each side)
⇒4=z
Thus, z = 4 is the required solution.

Solve the equations: 37 + x = 177
Solution:

Solve the equation 6x = 12.
Solution:
We have 6x = 12
⇒ 6x ÷ 6 = 12 ÷ 6 (dividing each side by 6)
⇒x=2
Thus, x = 2 is the required solution.
Solve the equation t5 = 10.
Solution:
Given t5 = 10
⇒ t5 × 5 = 10 × 5 (multiplying both sides by 5)
⇒ t = 50
Thus, t = 50 is the required solution.
Solve the equation 2x3 = 18.
Solution:
We have 2x3 = 18
⇒ 2x3 × 3 = 18 × 3 (multiplying both sides by 3)
⇒ 2x = 54
⇒ 2x ÷ 2 = 54 ÷ 2 (dividing both sides by 2)
⇒ x = 27
Solve the equation 1.6 = y1.5
Solution:
Given: 1.6 = y1.5
⇒ 1.6 × 1.5 = y1.5 × 1.5 (multiplying both sides by 1.5)
⇒ 2.40 = y
Thus, y = 2.40 is the required solution.
Solve the equation 7x – 9 = 16.
Solution:
We have 7x – 9 = 16
⇒ 7x – 9 + 9 = 16 + 9 (adding 9 to both sides)
⇒ 7x = 25
⇒ 7x ÷ 7 = 25 ÷ 7 (dividing both sides by 7)
⇒ x = 257
Solve the equation 14y – 8 = 13.
Solution:
We have 14y – 8 = 13
⇒ 14y – 8 + 8 = 13 + 8 (adding 8 to both sides)
⇒ 14y = 21
⇒ 14y ÷ 14 = 21 ÷ 14 (dividing both sides by 14)
⇒ y = 2114
⇒ y = 32
Thus, y = 32 is the required solution.
Solve the equation 17 + 6p = 9.
Solution:
We have, 17 + 6p = 9
⇒ 17 – 17 + 6p = 9 – 17 (subtracting 17 from both sides)
⇒ 6p = -8
⇒ 6p ÷ 6 = -8 ÷ 6 (dividing both sides by 6)
⇒ p = −86
⇒ p = −43
Thus, p = −43 is the required solution.
Solve the equation x3 + 1 = 715
Solution:
Exercise 2.2

If you subtract 12 from a number and multiply the result by 12, you get 18. What is the
number?
Solution:
Let the required number be x.

The perimeter of a rectangular swimming pool is 154 m. Its length is 2 m more than twice its
breadth. What are the length and the breadth of the pool?
Solution:
Let the breadth of the pool be x m.
Condition I: Length = (2x + 2) m.
Condition II: Perimeter = 154 m.
We know that Perimeter of rectangle = 2 × [length + breadth]
2 × [2x + 2 + x] = 154
⇒ 2 × [3x + 2] = 154
⇒ 6x + 4 = 154 (solving the bracket)
⇒ 6x = 154 – 4 [Transposing 4 from (+) to (-)]
⇒ 6x = 150
⇒ x = 150 ÷ 6 [Transposing 6 from (×) to (÷)]
⇒ x = 25
Thus, the required breadth = 25 m
and the length = 2 × 25 + 2 = 50 + 2 = 52 m.
The base of an isosceles triangle is 43 cm. The perimeter of the triangle is 4215 cm. What is
the length of either of the remaining equal sides?
Solution:
Let the length of each of equal sides of the triangle be x cm.
Perimeter of the triangle = sum of the three sides

Sum of two numbers be 95. If one exceeds the other by 15, find the numbers.
Solution:
Let one number be x
Other number = x + 15
As per the condition of the question, we get
x + (x + 15) = 95
⇒ x + x + 15 = 95
⇒ 2x + 15 = 95
⇒ 2x = 95 – 15 [transposing 15 from (+) to (-)]
⇒ 2x = 80
⇒ x = 802 [transposing 2 from (×) to (÷)]
⇒ x = 40
Other number = 95 – 40 = 55
Thus, the required numbers are 40 and 55.
Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 3. If they differ by 18, what are the numbers?
Solution:
Let the two numbers be 5x and 3x.
As per the conditions, we get
5x – 3x = 18
⇒ 2x = 18
⇒ x = 18 ÷ 2 [Transposing 2 from (×) to (÷)]
⇒ x = 9.
Thus, the required numbers are 5 × 9 = 45 and 3 × 9 = 27

Three consecutive integers add up to 51. What are these integers?
Solution:
Let the three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2.
As per the condition, we get
x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 51
⇒ x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 51
⇒ 3x + 3 = 51
⇒ 3x = 51 – 3 [transposing 3 to RHS]
⇒ 3x = 48
⇒ x = 48 ÷ 3 [transposing 3 to RHS]
⇒ x = 16
Thus, the required integers are 16, 16 + 1 = 17 and 16 + 2 = 18, i.e., 16, 17 and 18.

The sum of three consecutive multiples of 8 is 888. Find the multiples.
Solution:
Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be 8x, 8x + 8 and 8x + 16.
8x + (8x + 8) + (8x + 16) = 888
⇒ 8x + 8x + 8 + 8x + 16 = 888
⇒ 24x + 24 = 888
⇒ 24x = 888 – 24 (transposing 24 to RHS)
⇒ 24x = 864
⇒ x = 864 ÷ 24 (transposing 24 to RHS)
⇒ x = 36
Thus, the required multiples are
36 × 8 = 288, 36 × 8 + 8 = 296 and 36 × 8 + 16 = 304,
i.e., 288, 296 and 304.

Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in increasing order and
multiplied by 2, 3, and 4 respectively, they add up to 74. Find these numbers.
Solution:
Let the three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2.
As per the condition, we have
2x + 3(x + 1) + 4(x + 2) = 74
⇒ 2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 74
⇒ 9x + 11 = 74
⇒ 9x = 63
⇒ x = 63 ÷ 9
⇒ x = 7 (transposing 7 to RHS)
Thus, the required numbers are 7, 7 + 1 = 8 and 7 + 2 = 9, i.e., 7, 8 and 9.

The ages of Rahul and Haroon are in the ratio 5 : 7. Four years later the sum of their ages will
be 56 years. What are their present ages?
Solution:
Let the present ages of Rahul and Haroon he 5x years and 7x years respectively.
4 years later, the age of Rahul will be (5x + 4) years.
4 years later, the age of Haroon will be (7x + 4) years.

(5x + 4) + (7x + 4) = 56
⇒ 5x + 4 + 7x + 4 = 56
⇒ 12x + 8 = 56
⇒ 12x = 48
⇒ x = 48 ÷ 12 = 4 (transposing 12 to RHS)
Hence, the required age of Rahul = 5 × 4 = 20 years.
and the required age of Haroon = 7 × 4 = 28 years.
The number of boys and girls in a class are in the ratio 7 : 5. The number of boys is 8 more
than the numbers of girls. What is the total class strength?
Solution:
Let the number of boys be 7x
and the number of girls be 5x
7x – 5x = 8
⇒ 2x = 8
⇒ x = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 (transposing 2 to RHS)
the required number of boys = 7 × 4 = 28
and the number of girls = 5 × 4 = 20
Hence, total class strength = 28 + 20 = 48

Baichung’s father is 26 years younger than Baichung’s grandfather and 29 years older than
Baichung. The sum of the ages of all the three is 135 years. What is the age of each one of
them?
Solution:
Let the age of Baichung be x years.
The age of his father = x + 29 years,
and the age of his grandfather = x + 29 + 26 = (x + 55) years.
x + x + 29 + x + 55 = 135
⇒ 3x + 84 = 135
⇒ 3x = 51
⇒ x = 17
Hence Baichung’s age = 17 years
Baichung’s father’s age = 17 + 29 = 46 years,
and grand father’s age = 46 + 26 = 72 years.

Fifteen years from now Ravi’s age will be four times his present age. What is Ravi’s present
age?
Solution:
Let the present age of Ravi be x years.
After 15 years, his age will be = (x + 15) years
⇒ x + 15 = 4x
⇒ 15 = 4x – x (transposing x to RHS)
⇒ 15 = 3x
⇒ 15 ÷ 3 = x (transposing 3 to LHS)
⇒x=5
Hence, the present age of Ravi = 5 years.

A rational number is such that when you multiply it by 52 and add 23 to the product, you
get −712. What is the number?
Solution:
Let the required rational number be x.
As per the condition, we get
Hence, the required rational number is −12

Lakshmi is a cashier in a bank. She has currency notes of denominations ₹ 100, ₹ 50 and ₹
10, respectively. The ratio of these notes is 2 : 3 : 5. The total cash with Lakshmi is ₹
4,00,000. How many notes of each denomination does she have?
Solution:
Let the number of ₹ 100, ₹ 50 and ₹ 10 notes be 2x, 3x and 5x respectively.
Converting all the denominations into rupees, we have
2x × 100, 3x × 50 and 5x × 10 i.e. 200x, 150x and 50x
As per the conditions, we have
200x + 150x + 50x = 4,00,000
⇒ 400x = 4,00,000
⇒ x = 4,00,000 ÷ 400 (transposing 400 to RHS)
⇒ x = 1,000
Hence, the required number of notes of
₹ 100 notes = 2 × 1000 = 2000
₹ 50 notes = 3 × 1000 = 3000
and ₹ 10 notes = 5 × 1000 = 5000

I have a total of ₹ 300 in coins of denomination ₹ 1, ₹ 2 and ₹ 5. The number of ₹ 2 coins is
3 times the number of ₹ 5 coins. The total number of coins is 160. How many coins of each
denomination are with me?
Solution:
Let the number of ₹ 5 coins be x.
Number of ₹ 2 coins = 3x
Total number of coins = 160
Number of ₹ 1 coin = 160 – (x + 3x) = 160 – 4x
Converting the number of coins into rupees, we have
x coins of ₹ 5 amount to ₹ 5x
3x coins of ₹ 2 amount to ₹ 3x × 2 = ₹ 6x
and (160 – 4x) coins of ₹ 1 amount to ₹ 1 × (160 – 4x) = ₹ (160 – 4x)
5x + 6x + 160 – 4x = 300
⇒ 7x + 160 = 300
⇒ 7x = 140
⇒ x = 20
Thus, number of ₹ 5 coins = 20
Number of ₹ 2 coins = 3 × 20 = 60
and Number of ₹ 1 coins = 160 – 4 × 20 = 160 – 80 = 80

The organisers of an essay competition decide that a winner in the competition gets a prize of
₹ 100 and a participant who does not win gets a prize of ₹ 25. The total prize money
distributed is ₹ 3,000. Find the number of winners, if the total number of participants is 63.
Solution:
Let the number of winners = x
Number of participants who does not win the prize = (63 – x)
Amount got by winners = ₹ 100 × x = ₹ 100x
Amount got by loosers = ₹ (63 – x) × 25 = ₹ (1575 – 25x)
100x + 1575 – 25x = 3000
⇒ 75x + 1575 = 3000
⇒ 75x = 1425
⇒ x = 1425 ÷ 75 (Transposing 75 to RHS)
⇒ x = 19
Thus, the number of winners = 19
Exercise 2.3
Solve the following equations and check your results.

3x = 2x + 18
Solution:
We have 3x = 2x + 18
⇒ 3x – 2x = 18 (Transposing 2x to LHS)
⇒ x = 18
Hence, x = 18 is the required solution.
Check: 3x = 2x + 18
Putting x = 18, we have
LHS = 3 × 18 = 54
RHS = 2 × 18 + 18 = 36 + 18 = 54
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.
5t – 3 = 3t – 5
Solution:
We have 5t – 3 = 3t – 5
⇒ 5t – 3t – 3 = -5 (Transposing 3t to LHS)
⇒ 2t = -5 + 3 (Transposing -3 to RHS)
⇒ 2t = -2
⇒ t = -2 ÷ 2
⇒ t = -1
Hence t = -1 is the required solution.
Check: 5t – 3 = 3t – 5
Putting t = -1, we have
LHS = 5t – 3 = 5 × (-1)-3 = -5 – 3 = -8
RHS = 3t – 5 = 3 × (-1) – 5 = -3 – 5 = -8
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.

5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Solution:
We have 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
⇒ 5x – 3x + 9 = 5 (Transposing 3x to LHS) => 2x + 9 = 5
⇒ 2x = 5 – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
⇒ 2x = -4
⇒ x = -4 ÷ 2 = -2
Hence x = -2 is the required solution.
Check: 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Putting x = -2, we have
LHS = 5 × (-2) + 9 = -10 + 9 = -1
RHS = 5 + 3 × (-2) = 5 – 6 = -1
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.

4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Solution:
We have 4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
⇒ 4z – 2z + 3 = 6 (Transposing 2z to LHS)
⇒ 2z + 3 = 6
⇒ 2z = 6 – 3 (Transposing 3 to RHS)
⇒ 2z = 3
⇒ z = 32
Hence z = 32 is the required solution.
Check: 4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Putting z = 32, we have
LHS = 4z + 3 = 4 × 32 + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9
RHS = 6 + 2z = 6 + 2 × 32 = 6 + 3 = 9
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.
2x – 1 = 14 – x
Solution:
We have 2x – 1 = 14 – x
⇒ 2x + x = 14 + 1 (Transposing x to LHS and 1 to RHS)
⇒ 3x = 15
⇒ x = 15 ÷ 3 = 5
Hence x = 5 is the required solution.
Check: 2x – 1 = 14 – x
Putting x = 5
LHS we have 2x – 1 = 2 × 5 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9
RHS = 14 – x = 14 – 5 = 9
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.

8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
Solution:
We have 8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
⇒ 8x + 4 = 3x – 3 + 7 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 8x + 4 = 3x + 4
⇒ 8x – 3x = 4 – 4 [Transposing 3x to LHS and 4 to RHS]
⇒ 5x = 0
⇒ x = 0 ÷ 5 [Transposing 5 to RHS]
or x = 0
Thus x = 0 is the required solution.
Check: 8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
8 × 0 + 4 = 3(0 – 1) + 7
⇒ 0 + 4 = -3 + 7
⇒4=4
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.

x = 45 (x + 10)
Solution:
We have x = 45 (x + 10)
⇒ 5 × x = 4(x + 10) (Transposing 5 to LHS)
⇒ 5x = 4x + 40 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 5x – 4x = 40 (Transposing 4x to LHS)
⇒ x = 40
Thus x = 40 is the required solution.
Check: x = 45 (x + 10)
40 = 45 (40 + 10)
⇒ 40 = 45 × 50
⇒ 40 = 4 × 10
⇒ 40 = 40
LHS = RHS
Hence verified.
2x3 + 1 = 7x15 + 3
Solution:
We have 2x3 + 1 = 7x15 + 3
15(2x3 + 1) = 15(7x15 + 3)
LCM of 3 and 15 is 15
2x3 × 15 + 1 × 15 = 7x15 × 15 + 3 × 15 [Multiplying both sides by 15]
⇒ 2x × 5 + 15 = 7x + 45
⇒ 10x + 15 = 7x + 45
⇒ 10x – 7x = 45 – 15 (Transposing 7x to LHS and 15 to RHS)
⇒ 3x = 30
⇒ x = 30 ÷ 3 = 10 (Transposing 3 to RHS)
Thus the required solution is x = 10

2y + 53 = 263 – y
Solution:
3m = 5m – 85
Solution:
We have
Exercise 2.4

Amina thinks of a number and subtracts 52 from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The result
now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number?
Solution:
Let the required number be x.
Condition I: x – 52
Condition II: 8 × (x – 52)
Condition III: 8 × (x – 52) = 3x
⇒ 8x – 52 × 8 = 3x (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 8x – 20 = 3x
⇒ 8x – 3x = 20 (Transposing 3x to LHS and 20 to RHS)
⇒ 5x = 20
Thus, x = 4 is the required number.
A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the numbers, then one of
the new numbers becomes twice the other number. What are the numbers?
Solution:
Let the positive number be x.
Other number = 5x
Condition I: x + 21 and 5x + 21
Condition II: 5x + 21 = 2 (x + 21)
⇒ 5x + 21 = 2x + 42 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 3x = 21
Thus, the required numbers are 7 and 7 × 5 = 35.

Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits, it is found that
the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit
number?
Solution:
Let unit place digit be x.
Ten’s place digit = 9 – x
Original number = x + 10(9 – x)
Condition I: 10x + (9 – x) (Interchanging the digits)
Condition II: New number = original number + 27
⇒ 10x + (9 – x) = x + 10(9 – x) + 27
⇒ 10x + 9 – x = x + 90 – 10x + 27 (solving the brackets)
⇒ 9x + 9 = -9x + 117 (Transposing 9x to LHS and 9 to RHS)
⇒ 9x + 9x = 117 – 9
⇒ 18x = 108
⇒x=6
Unit place digit = 6
Ten’s place digit = 9 – 6 = 3
Thus, the required number = 6 + 3 × 10 = 6 + 30 = 36

One of the two digits of a two digit number is three times the other digit. If you interchange
the digits of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number, you
get 88. What is the original number?
Solution:
Let unit place digit be x.
Ten’s place digit = 3x
Original number = x + 3x × 10 = x + 30x = 31x
Condition I: 10x + 3x = 13x (interchanging the digits)
Condition II: New number + original number = 88
13x + 31x = 88
⇒ 44x = 88
⇒x=2
Thus, the original number = 31x = 31 × 2 = 62
Hence the required number = 62

Shobo’s mother’s present age is six times Shobo’s present age. Shobo’s age five years from
now will be one third of his mother’s present age. What are their present ages?
Solution:
Let Shobo’s present age be x years.
Shobo’s mother’s age = 6x years.
After 5 years Shobo’s age will be (x + 5) years.
x + 5 = 13 × 6x
⇒ x + 5 = 2x
⇒ 5 = 2x – x (Transposing x to RHS)
⇒5=x
Hence Shobo’s present age = 5 years
and Shobo’s mother’s present age 6x = 6 × 5 = 30 years.
There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village. The length and
breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11 : 4. At the rate of ₹ 100 per metre, it will cost the village
panchayat ₹ 75000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot?
Solution:
Let the length and breadth of the plot be 11x m and 4x m respectively.
Fencing all around = perimeter of the rectangular plot
Perimeter of the plot = 75000100 = 750 m
2(l + b) = 750
⇒ 2(11x + 4x) = 750
⇒ 2(15x) = 750
⇒ 30x = 750
⇒ x = 750 ÷ 30 = 25
length = 11 × 25 m = 275 m
and breadth = 4 × 25 m = 100 m
Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt material that costs him ₹
50 per metre and trousers material that costs him ₹ 90 per metre. For every 3 metres of the
shirt material, he buys 2 metres of the trouser material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10%
profit respectively. His total sale is ₹ 36,600. How much trouser material did he buy?
Solution:
Ratio of shirt material bought to the trouser material bought = 3 : 2
Let the shirt material bought = 3x m
and trouser material bought = 2x m
Cost of shirt material = 50 × 3x = ₹ 150x
Cost of trouser material = 90 × 2x = ₹ 180x
168x + 198x = 36,600
⇒ 366x = 36,600
⇒ x = 36600 ÷ 366 = 100
Length of trouser material bought = 2 × 100 = 200 m.

Half of a herd of deer are grazing in the field and three-fourths of the remaining are playing
nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
Solution:
Let the number of deer be x.
x2 deer are grazing in the field.
⇒ 4x + 3x + 72 = 8x
⇒ 7x + 72 = 8x
⇒ 72 = 8x – 7x (Transposing 7x to RHS)
⇒ x = 12
Hence, the required number of deer = 72.
A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years older than her.
Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the present age of granddaughter = x years.
the present age of grandfather = 10x years.
10x – x = 54
⇒ 9x = 54
⇒ x = 54 ÷ 9 = 6 [Transposing 9 to RHS]
Hence, the present age of the granddaughter = 6 years
and the present age of grandfather = 6 × 10 = 60 years.

Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago he was five times his son’s age. Find
their present ages.
Solution:
Let the present age of the son be x years.
Present age of Aman = 3x years
10 years ago, the son’s age was = (x – 10) years
10 years ago, the father’s age was = (3x – 10) years
5(x – 10) = 3x – 10
⇒ 5x – 50 = 3x – 10
⇒ 5x – 3x = 50 – 10(Transposing 3x to LHS and 50 to RHS)
⇒ 2x = 40
⇒ x = 40 ÷ 2 = 20
Hence, the son’s age = 20 years.
and the age of Aman = 20 × 3 = 60 years.
Worksheets for Class 8 Maths
Exercise 2.5
Solve the following linear equations.

Solution:
⇒ 30x – 12 = 20x + 15
⇒ 30x – 20x = 15 + 12 (Transposing 20x to LHS and 12 to RHS)
⇒ 10x = 27
⇒ x = 2710
Solution:
LCM of 2, 4 and 6 = 12
(Multiplying both sides by 12)

⇒ 6n – 9n + 10n = 252
⇒ 7n = 252
⇒ n = 252 ÷ 7
⇒ n = 36
Solution:
⇒ -10x + 42 = 17 – 15x
⇒ -10x + 15x = 17 – 42 [Transposing 15x to LHS and 42 to RHS]
⇒ 5x = -25
⇒ x = -25 ÷ 5 [Transposing 5 to RHS]
⇒ x = -5
Solution:
⇒ (x – 5) × 5 = (x – 3) × 3
⇒ 5x – 25 = 3x – 9 (Solving the brackets)
⇒ 2x = 16
⇒x=8
Solution:
⇒ (3t – 2) × 3 – (2t + 3) × 4 = 2 × 4 – 12t
⇒ 9t – 6 – 8t – 12 = 8 – 12t (Solving the brackets)
⇒ t – 18 = 8 – 12t
⇒ t + 12t = 8 + 18 (Transposing 12t to LHS and 18 to RHS)
⇒ 13t = 26
⇒ t = 2 (Transposing 13 to RHS)
Hence t = 2 is the required solution.
Solution.
⇒ 6m – (m – 1) × 3 = 6 – (m – 2) × 2
⇒ 6m – 3m + 3 = 6 – 2m + 4 (Solving the brackets)
⇒ 3m + 3 = 10 – 2m
⇒ 3m + 2m = 10 – 3 (Transposing 2m to LHS and 3 to RHS)
⇒ 5m = 7
⇒ m = 75 (Transposing 5 to RHS)
Simplify and solve the following linear equations.
3(t – 3) = 5(21 + 1)
Solution:
We have
3(t – 3) = 5(2t + 1)
⇒ 3t – 9 = 10t + 5 (Solving the brackets)
⇒ 3t – 10t = 9 + 5 (Transposing 10t to LHS and 9 to RHS)
⇒ -7t = 14
⇒ t = -2(Transposing -7 to RHS)
Hence, t = -2 is the required solution.
15(y – 4) – 2(y – 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
Solution:
We have 15(y – 4) – 2(y – 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
⇒ 15y – 60 – 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0 (Solving the brackets)
⇒ 8y – 12 = 0
⇒ 8y = 12 (Transposing 12 to RHS)
⇒ y = 23
Hence, y = 23 is the required solution.
3(5z – 7) – 2(9z – 11) = 4(8z – 13) – 17
Solution:
We have
3(5z – 7) – 2(9z – 11) = 4(8z – 13) – 17
⇒ 15z – 21 – 18z + 22 = 32z – 52 – 17 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ -3z + 1 = 32z – 69
⇒ -3z – 32z = – 69 – 1 (Transposing 322 to LHS and 1 to RHS)
⇒ -35z = -70
⇒z=2
Hence, z = 2 is the required solution.

0.25(4f – 3) = 0.05(10f – 9)
Solution:
We have
0.25(4f – 3) = 0.05(10f – 9)
⇒ 0.25 × 4f – 3 × 0.25 = 0.05 × 10f – 9 × 0.05 (Solving the brackets)
⇒ 1.00f – 0.75 = 0.5f – 0.45
⇒ f – 0.5f = -0.45 + 0.75 (Transposing 0.5 to LHS and 0.75 to RHS)
⇒ 0.5f = 0.30
⇒ f = 0.6
Hence, f = 0.6 is the required solution.
Exercise 2.6
Solve the following equations.

8x−33x=2
Solution:
We have 8x−33x=2
⇒ 8x−33x = 21
⇒ 8x – 3 = 2 × 3x (Cross-multiplication)
⇒ 8x – 3 = 6x
⇒ 8x – 6x = 3 (Transposing 6x to LHS and 3 to RHS)
⇒ 2x = 3
⇒ x = 32
9x7−6x = 15
Solution:
we have 9x7−6x = 15
⇒ 9x7−6x = 151
⇒ 9x = 15(7 – 6x) (Cross-multiplication)
⇒ 9x = 105 – 90x (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 9x + 90x = 105 (Transposing 90x to LHS)
⇒ 99x = 105
⇒ x = 10599
⇒ x = 3533
zz+15=49
Solution:
We have zz+15=49
⇒ 9z = 4 (z + 15) (Cross-multiplication)
⇒ 9z = 4z + 60 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 9z – 42 = 60
⇒ 5z = 60
⇒ z = 12
3y+42−6y=−25
Solution:
we have 3y+42−6y=−25
⇒ 5(3y + 4) = -2(2 – 6y) (Cross-multiplication)
⇒ 15y + 20 = -4 + 12y (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 15y – 12y = -4 – 20 (Transposing 12y to LHS and 20 to RHS)
⇒ 3y = -24 (Transposing 3 to RHS) -24
⇒ y = -8
7y+4y+2=−43
Solution:
we have 7y+4y+2=−43
⇒ 3(7y + 4) = -4 (y + 2) (Corss-multiplication)
⇒ 21y + 12 = -4y – 8 [Solving the bracket]
⇒ 21y + 4y = -12 – 8 [Transposing 4y to LHS and 12 to RHS]
⇒ 25y = -20 [Transposing 25 to RHS]
⇒ y = −45
The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5 : 7. Four years from now the ratio of their ages
will be 3 : 4. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the present ages of Hari and Harry be 5x years and 7x years respectively.
After 4 years Hari’s age will be (5x + 4) years and Harry’s age will be (7x + 4) years.
5x+47x+4=34
⇒ 4(5x + 4) = 3(7x + 4) (Cross-multiplication)
⇒ -x = -4
⇒x=4
Hence the present ages of Hari and Harry are 5 × 4 = 20years and 7 × 4 = 28years
respectively.
The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by 8. If the numerator is
increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is 32. Find the
rational number.
Solution:
Let the numerator of the rational number be x.
Denominator = (x + 8)
⇒ 2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7) (Cross-multiplication)

⇒ -x = -13
⇒ x = 13
Thus, numerator = 13
and denominator = 13 + 8 = 21
Hence the rational number is 1321.
Extra Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable
Linear Equations in One Variable Class 8 Extra Questions

Very Short Answer Type
Question 1.
Identify the algebraic linear equations from the given expressions.
(a) x2 + x = 2
(b) 3x + 5 = 11
(c) 5 + 7 = 12
(d) x + y2 = 3
Solution:
(a) x2 + x = 2 is not a linear equation.
(b) 3x + 5 = 11 is a linear equation.
(c) 5 + 7 = 12 is not a linear equation as it does not contain variable.
(d) x + y2 = 3 is not a linear equation.
Question 2.
Check whether the linear equation 3x + 5 = 11 is true for x = 2.
Solution:
Given that 3x + 5 = 11
For x = 2, we get
LHS = 3 × 2 + 5 = 6 + 5 = 11
LHS = RHS = 11
Hence, the given equation is true for x = 2
Question 3.
Form a linear equation from the given statement: ‘When 5 is added to twice a number, it
gives 11.’
Solution:
As per the given statement we have
2x + 5 = 11 which is the required linear equation.
Question 4.
If x = a, then which of the following is not always true for an integer k. (NCERT Exemplar)
(a) kx = ak
(b) xk = ak
(c) x – k = a – k
(d) x + k = a + k
Solution:
Correct answer is (b).
Question 5.
Solve the following linear equations:
(a) 4x + 5 = 9
(b) x + 32 = 2x
Solution:
(a) We have 4x + 5 = 9
⇒ 4x = 4
⇒ x = 1 (Transposing 4 to RHS)
(b) We have x + 32 = 2x
⇒ 32 = 2x – x
⇒ x = 32
Question 6.
Solve the given equation 31x × 514 = 1712
Solution:
We have 31x × 514 = 1712
Question 7.
Verify that x = 2 is the solution of the equation 4.4x – 3.8 = 5.
Solution:
We have 4.4x – 3.8 = 5
4.4 × 2 – 3.8 = 5
⇒ 8.8 – 3.8 = 5
⇒5=5
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence verified.
Question 8.
Solution:
⇒ 3x × 3 – (2x + 5) × 4 = 5 × 6
⇒ 9x – 8x – 20 = 30 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ x – 20 = 30
⇒ x = 30 + 20 (Transposing 20 to RHS)
⇒ x = 50
Hence x = 50 is the required solution.
Question 9.
The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. Find the angles of the triangle.
Solution:
Let the angles of a given triangle be 2x°, 3x° and 4x°.
2x + 3x + 4x = 180 (∵ Sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°)
⇒ 9x = 180
⇒ x = 20 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
Angles of the given triangles are
2 × 20 = 40°
3 × 20 = 60°
4 × 20 = 80°
Question 10.
The sum of two numbers is 11 and their difference is 5. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Let one of the two numbers be x.
Other number = 11 – x.
x – (11 – x) = 5
⇒ x – 11 + x = 5 (Solving the bracket)
⇒ 2x – 11 = 5
⇒ 2x = 5 + 11 (Transposing 11 to RHS)
⇒ 2x = 16
⇒x=8
Hence the required numbers are 8 and 11 – 8 = 3.
Question 11.
If the sum of two consecutive numbers is 11, find the numbers.
Solution:
Let the two consecutive numbers be x and x + 1.
x + x + 1 = 11
⇒ 2x + 1 = 11
⇒ 2x = 10
x=5
Hence, the required numbers are 5 and 5 + 1 = 6.

Short Answer Type
Question 12.
The breadth of a rectangular garden is 23 of its length. If its perimeter is 40 m, find its
dimensions.
Solution:
Let the length of the garden be x m
its breadth = 23 × m.
Perimeter = 2 [length + breadth]
Question 13.
The difference between two positive numbers is 40 and the ratio of these integers is 1 : 3.
Find the integers.
Solution:
Let one integer be x.
Other integer = x – 40
x−40x = 13
⇒ 3(x – 40) = x
⇒ 3x – 120 = x
⇒ 3x – x = 120
⇒ 2x = 120
⇒x=2
Hence the integers are 60 and 60 – 40 = 20.
Question 14.
Solve for x:
Solution:
Question 15.
The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing its digits is 121. Find
the number if it’s unit place digit is 5.
Solution:
Unit place digit is given as 5
Let x be the tens place digit
Number formed = 5 + 10x
Number obtained by reversing the digits = 5 × 10 + x = 50 + x
5 + 10x + 50 + x = 121
⇒ 11x + 55 = 121
⇒ 11x = 66
⇒x=6
Thus, the tens place digit = 6
Hence the required number = 5 + 6 × 10 = 5 + 60 = 65

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Question 16.
If the length of the rectangle is increased by 40% and its breadth is decreased by 40%, what
will be the percentage change in its perimeter?
Solution:
Let the length of the rectangle be x m and its breadth be y m
Perimeter = 2(x + y)
Now the length of the rectangle becomes after a 40% increase
Question 17.
A fruit seller buys some oranges at the rate of ₹ 5 per orange. He also buys an equal number
of bananas at the rate of ₹ 2 per banana. He makes a profit of 20% on oranges and a profit of
15% on bananas. In the end, he sold all the fruits. If he earned a profit of ₹ 390, find the
number of oranges.
Solution:
Let the number of oranges bought by him be x and also the number of bananas be x.
Cost of x oranges at the rate of ₹ 5 per orange = ₹ 5x
Cost of x bananas at the rate of ₹ 2 per banana = ₹ 2x
Question 18.
A steamer goes downstream from one point to another in 7 hours. It covers the same distance
upstream in 8 hours. If the speed of stream be 2 km/h, find the speed of the steamer in still
water and the distance between the ports. (NCERT Exemplar)
Solution:
Let speed of steamer in still water = x km/h
Speed of stream = 2 km/h
Speed downstream = (x + 2) km/h
Speed upstream = (x – 2) km/h
Distance covered in 7 hours while downstream = 7(x + 2)
Distance covered in 8 hours while upstream = 8(x – 2)
According to the condition,
7(x + 2) = 8(x – 2)
⇒ 7x + 14 = 8x – 16
⇒ x = 30 km/h
Total Distance = 7(x + 2) km = 7(30 + 2) km = 7 × 32 km = 224 km.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 3
Understanding Quadrilaterals Ex 3.1
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals Exercise
3.2

Find x in the following figures.
Solution:
(a) We know that the sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon = 360°
125° + 125° + x = 360°
⇒ 250° + x = 360°
x = 360° – 250° = 110°

Hence x = 110°
(b) Here ∠y = 180° – 90° = 90°
and ∠z = 90° (given)

x + y + 60° + z + 70° = 360° [∵ Sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon = 360°]
⇒ x + 90° + 60° + 90° + 70° = 360°
⇒ x + 310° = 360°
⇒ x = 360° – 310° = 50°
Hence x = 50°

Find the measure of each exterior angle of a regular polygon of
(i) 9 sides
(ii) 15 sides
Solution:
(i) We know the sum of all the exterior angles of polygon = 360°
Measure of each angle of 9 sided regular polygon = 3609 = 40°
(ii) Sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon = 360°
Measure of each angle of 15 sided regular polygon = 36015 = 24°
How many sides does a regular polygon have if the measure of an exterior angle is 24°?
Solution:
Sum of all exterior angles of a regular polygon = 360°
Number of sides
Hence, the number of sides = 15

How many sides does a regular polygon have if each of its interior angles is 165°?
Solution:
Let re be the number of sides of a regular polygon.
Sum of all interior angles = (n – 2) × 180°
and, measure of its each angle
Hence, the number of sides = 24

(a) Is it possible to have a regular polygon with measure of each exterior angle a is 22°?
(b) Can it be an interior angle of a regular polygon? Why?
Solution:
(a) Since, the sum of all the exterior angles of a regular polygon = 360° which is not divisible
by 22°.
It is not possible that a regular polygon must have its exterior angle 22°.
(b) Sum of all interior angles of a regular polygon of side n = (n – 2) × 180°
not a whole number.
Since number of sides cannot be in fractions.
It is not possible for a regular polygon to have its interior angle = 22°.

(a) What is the minimum interior angle possible for a regular polygon? Why?
(b) What is the maximum exterior angle possible for a regular polygon?
Solution:
(a) Sum of all interior angles of a regular polygon of side n = (n – 2) × 180°
The measure of each interior angle
The minimum measure the angle of an equilateral triangle (n = 3) = 60°.

(b) From part (a) we can conclude that the maximum exterior angle of a regular polygon =
180° – 60° = 120°.
3.3

Given a parallelogram ABCD. Complete each statement along with the definition or property
used.
(i) AD = …………
(ii) ∠DCB = ………
(iii) OC = ………
(iv) m∠DAB + m∠CDA = ……..
Solution:
(i) AD = BC [Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal]
(ii) ∠DCB = ∠DAB [Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal]
(iii) OC = OA [Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other]
(iv) m∠DAB + m∠CDA = 180° [Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary]

Consider the following parallelograms. Find the values of the unknowns x, y, z.
Solution:
(i) ABCD is a parallelogram.
∠B = ∠D [Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal]

∠D = 100°
⇒ y = 100°
∠A + ∠B = 180° [Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary]
⇒ z + 100° = 180°
⇒ z = 180° – 100° = 80°
∠A = ∠C [Opposite angles of a ||gm]
x = 80°
Hence x = 80°, y = 100° and z = 80°
(ii) PQRS is a parallelogram.
∠P + ∠S = 180° [Adjacent angles of parallelogram]

⇒ x + 50° = 180°
x = 180° – 50° = 130°
Now, ∠P = ∠R [Opposite angles are equal]
⇒x=y
⇒ y = 130°
Also, y = z [Alternate angles]
z = 130°
Hence, x = 130°, y = 130° and z = 130°
(iii) ABCD is a rhombus.
[∵ Diagonals intersect at 90°]
x = 90°
Now in ∆OCB,
x + y + 30° = 180° (Angle sum property)
⇒ 90° + y + 30° = 180°
⇒ y + 120° = 180°
⇒ y = 180° – 120° = 60°
y = z (Alternate angles)
⇒ z = 60°
Hence, x = 90°, y = 60° and z = 60°.
(iv) ABCD is a parallelogram
∠A + ∠B = 180° (Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary)

⇒ x + 80° = 180°
⇒ x = 180° – 80° = 100°
Now, ∠D = ∠B [Opposite angles of a |jgm]
⇒ y = 80°
Also, z = ∠B = 80° (Alternate angles)
Hence x = 100°, y = 80° and z = 80°
(v) ABCD is a parallelogram.
∠D = ∠B [Opposite angles of a ||gm]

y = 112°
x + y + 40° = 180° [Angle sum property]
⇒ x + 112° + 40° = 180°
⇒ x + 152° = 180°
⇒ x = 180° – 152 = 28°
z = x = 28° (Alternate angles)
Hence x = 28°, y = 112°, z = 28°.

Can a quadrilateral ABCD be a parallelogram if
(i) ∠D + ∠B = 180°?
(ii) AB = DC = 8 cm, AD = 4 cm and BC = 4.4 cm?
(iii) ∠A = 70° and ∠C = 65°?
Solution:
(i) For ∠D + ∠B = 180, quadrilateral ABCD may be a parallelogram if following conditions
are also fulfilled.
(a) The sum of measures of adjacent angles should be 180°.
(b) Opposite angles should also be of same measures. So, ABCD can be but need not be a
parallelogram.
(ii) Given: AB = DC = 8 cm, AD = 4 cm, BC = 4.4 cm
In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal.
Here AD ≠ BC
Thus, ABCD cannot be a parallelogram.
(iii) ∠A = 70° and ∠C = 65°
Since ∠A ≠ ∠C
Opposite angles of quadrilateral are not equal.
Hence, ABCD is not a parallelogram.

Draw a rough figure of a quadrilateral that is not a parallelogram but has exactly two opposite
angles of equal measure.
Solution:
ABCD is a rough figure of a quadrilateral in which m∠A = m∠C but it is not a parallelogram.
It is a kite.

The measures of two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 3 : 2. Find the
measure of each of the angles of the parallelogram.
Solution:
Let ABCD is parallelogram such that
m∠B : m∠C = 3 : 2
Let m∠B = 3x° and m∠C = 2x°

m∠B + m∠C = 180° (Sum of adjacent angles = 180°)
3x + 2x = 180°
⇒ 5x = 180°
⇒ x = 36°
Thus, ∠B = 3 × 36 = 108°
∠C = 2 × 36° = 72°
∠B = ∠D = 108°
and ∠A = ∠C = 72°
Hence, the measures of the angles of the parallelogram are 108°, 72°, 108° and 72°.

Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram have equal measure. Find the measure of each of the
angles of the parallelogram.
Solution:
Let ABCD be a parallelogram in which
∠A = ∠B
We know ∠A + ∠B = 180° [Sum of adjacent angles = 180°]

∠A + ∠A = 180°
⇒ 2∠A = 180°
⇒ ∠A = 90°
Thus, ∠A = ∠C = 90° and ∠B = ∠D = 90°
[Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal]

The adjacent figure HOPE is a parallelogram. Find the angle measures x, y and z. State the
properties you use to find them.
Solution:
∠y = 40° (Alternate angles)
∠z + 40° = 70° (Exterior angle property)
⇒ ∠z = 70° – 40° = 30°
z = ∠EPH (Alternate angle)
In ∆EPH
∠x + 40° + ∠z = 180° (Adjacent angles)
⇒ ∠x + 40° + 30° = 180°
⇒ ∠x + 70° = 180°
⇒ ∠x = 180° – 70° = 110°
Hence x = 110°, y = 40° and z = 30°.

The following figures GUNS and RUNS are parallelograms. Find x and y. (Lengths are in
cm)
Solution:
(i) GU = SN (Opposite sides of a parallelogram)
⇒ y + 7 = 20
⇒ y = 20 – 7 = 13
Also, ON = OR
⇒ x + y = 16
⇒ x + 13 = 16
x = 16 – 13 = 3
Hence, x = 3 cm and y = 13 cm.
In the above figure both RISK and CLUE are parallelograms. Find the value of x.
Solution:
Here RISK and CLUE are two parallelograms.
∠1 = ∠L = 70° (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)

∠K + ∠2 = 180°
Sum of adjacent angles is 180°
120° + ∠2 = 180°
∠2 = 180° – 120° = 60°
In ∆OES,
∠x + ∠1 + ∠2 = 180° (Angle sum property)
⇒ ∠x + 70° + 60° = 180°
⇒ ∠x + 130° = 180°
⇒ ∠x = 180° – 130° = 50°
Hence x = 50°

Explain how this figure is a trapezium. Which of its two sides are parallel?
Solution:
∠M + ∠L = 100° + 80° = 180°
∠M and ∠L are the adjacent angles, and sum of adjacent interior angles is 180°
KL is parallel to NM
Hence KLMN is a trapezium.

Find m∠C in below figure if AB¯ || DC¯
Solution:
Given that AB¯ || DC¯
m∠B + m∠C = 180° (Sum of adjacent angles of a parallelogram is 180°)
120° + m∠C = 180°

m∠C = 180° – 120° = 60°
Hence m∠C = 60°
Find the measure of ∠P and ∠S if SP¯ || RQ¯ in figure, is there any other method to find
m∠P?)
Solution:
Given that ∠Q = 130° and ∠R = 90°
SP¯ || RQ¯ (given)
∠P + ∠Q = 180° (Adjacent angles)
⇒ ∠P + 130° = 180°
⇒ ∠P = 180° – 130° = 50°
and, ∠S + ∠R = 180° (Adjacent angles)
⇒ ∠S + 90° = 180°
⇒ ∠S = 180° – 90° = 90°
Alternate Method:
∠Q = 130°, ∠R = 90° and ∠S = 90°
We know that
∠P + ∠Q + ∠R + ∠Q = 360° (Angle sum property of quadrilateral)
⇒ ∠P + 130° + 90° + 90° = 360°
⇒ ∠P + 310° = 360°
⇒ ∠P = 360° – 310° = 50°
Hence m∠P = 50°
3.4
State whether True or False.
(a) All rectangles are squares.
(b) All rhombuses are parallelograms.
(c) All squares are rhombuses and also rectangles.
(d) All squares are not parallelograms.
(e) All kites are rhombuses.
(f) All rhombuses are kites.
(g) All parallelograms are trapeziums.
(h) All squares are trapeziums.
Solution:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False
(e) False
(f) True
(g) True
(h) True

Identify all the quadrilaterals that have
(a) four sides of equal length
(b) four right angles
Solution:
(a) Squares and rhombuses.
(b) Rectangles and squares.

Explain how a square is
(i) a quadrilateral
(ii) a parallelogram
(iii) a rhombus
(iv) a rectangle
Solution:
(i) Square is a quadrilateral because it is closed with four line segments.
(ii) Square is a parallelogram due to the following properties:
(a) Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
(b) Opposite angles are equal.
(iii) Square is a rhombus because its all sides are equal and opposite sides are parallel.
(iv) Square is a rectangle because its opposite sides are equal and has equal diagonal.

Name the quadrilaterals whose diagonals
(i) bisect each other
(ii) are perpendicular bisectors of each other
(iii) are equal
Solution:
(i) Parallelogram, rectangle, square and rhombus
(ii) Square and rhombus
(iii) Rectangle and square

Explain why a rectangle is a convex quadrilateral.
Solution:
In a rectangle, both of its diagonal lie in its interior. Hence, it is a convex quadrilateral.

ABC is a right-angled triangle and O is the midpoint of the side opposite to the right angle.
Explain why O is equidistant from A, B and C. (The dotted lines are drawn additionally to
help you).
Solution:
Since the right-angled triangle ABC makes a rectangle ABCD by the dotted lines.
Therefore OA = OB = OC = OD [Diagonals of a rectangle are equal and bisect each other]
Hence, O is equidistant from A, B and C.
Understanding Quadrilaterals Class 8 Extra Questions
Very Short Answer Type
Question 1.
In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Find x.
Solution:
AB = DC [Opposite sides of a parallelogram]
3x + 5 = 5x – 1
⇒ 3x – 5x = -1 – 5
⇒ -2x = -6
⇒x=3
Question 2.
In the given figure find x + y + z.
Solution:
We know that the sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon = 360°
x + y + z = 360°
Question 3.
In the given figure, find x.
Solution:
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° [Angle sum property]
(x + 10)° + (3x + 5)° + (2x + 15)° = 180°
⇒ x + 10 + 3x + 5 + 2x + 15 = 180
⇒ 6x + 30 = 180
⇒ 6x = 180 – 30
⇒ 6x = 150
⇒ x = 25
Question 4.
The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 5 : 8. Find the measure of each angle.
Solution:
Sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360°
Let the angles of the quadrilateral be 2x°, 3x°, 5x° and 8x°.
2x + 3x + 5x + 8x = 360°
⇒ 18x = 360°
⇒ x = 20°
Hence the angles are
2 × 20 = 40°,
3 × 20 = 60°,
5 × 20 = 100°
and 8 × 20 = 160°.
Question 5.
Find the measure of an interior angle of a regular polygon of 9 sides.
Solution:
Measure of an interior angle of a regular polygon
Question 6.
Length and breadth of a rectangular wire are 9 cm and 7 cm respectively. If the wire is bent
into a square, find the length of its side.
Solution:
Perimeter of the rectangle = 2 [length + breadth]
= 2[9 + 7] = 2 × 16 = 32 cm.
Now perimeter of the square = Perimeter of rectangle = 32 cm.

Side of the square = 324 = 8 cm.
Hence, the length of the side of square = 8 cm.
Question 7.
In the given figure ABCD, find the value of x.
Solution:
Sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon = 360°
x + 70° + 80° + 70° = 360°
⇒ x + 220° = 360°
⇒ x = 360° – 220° = 140°
Question 8.
In the parallelogram given alongside if m∠Q = 110°, find all the other angles.
Solution:
Given m∠Q = 110°
Then m∠S = 110° (Opposite angles are equal)
Since ∠P and ∠Q are supplementary.
Then m∠P + m∠Q = 180°
⇒ m∠P + 110° = 180°
⇒ m∠P = 180° – 110° = 70°
⇒ m∠P = m∠R = 70° (Opposite angles)
Hence m∠P = 70, m∠R = 70°
and m∠S = 110°
Question 9.
In the given figure, ABCD is a rhombus. Find the values of x, y and z.
Solution:
AB = BC (Sides of a rhombus)
x = 13 cm.
Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other
z = 5 and y = 12
Hence, x = 13 cm, y = 12 cm and z = 5 cm.
Question 10.
In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Find x, y and z.
Solution:
∠A + ∠D = 180° (Adjacent angles)
⇒ 125° + ∠D = 180°
⇒ ∠D = 180° – 125°
x = 55°
∠A = ∠C [Opposite angles of a parallelogram]
⇒ 125° = y + 56°
⇒ y = 125° – 56°
⇒ y = 69°
∠z + ∠y = 180° (Adjacent angles)
⇒ ∠z + 69° = 180°
⇒ ∠z = 180° – 69° = 111°
Hence the angles x = 55°, y = 69° and z = 111°
Question 11.
Find x in the following figure. (NCERT Exemplar)
Solution:
In the given figure ∠1 + 90° = 180° (linear pair)
∠1 = 90°
Now, sum of exterior angles of a polygon is 360°, therefore,
x + 60° + 90° + 90° + 40° = 360°
⇒ x + 280° = 360°
⇒ x = 80°

Short Answer Type
Question 12.
In the given parallelogram ABCD, find the value of x andy.
Solution:
∠A + ∠B = 180°
3y + 2y – 5 = 180°
⇒ 5y – 5 = 180°
⇒ 5y = 180 + 5°
⇒ 5y = 185°
⇒ y = 37°
Now ∠A = ∠C [Opposite angles of a parallelogram]
3y = 3x + 3
⇒ 3 × 37 = 3x + 3
⇒ 111 = 3x + 3
⇒ 111 – 3 = 3x
⇒ 108 = 3x
⇒ x = 36°
Hence, x = 36° and y – 37°.
Question 13.
ABCD is a rhombus with ∠ABC = 126°, find the measure of ∠ACD.
Solution:
∠ABC = ∠ADC (Opposite angles of a rhombus)
∠ADC = 126°
∠ODC = 12 × ∠ADC (Diagonal of rhombus bisects the respective angles)
⇒ ∠ODC = 12 × 126° = 63°
⇒ ∠DOC = 90° (Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at 90°)
In ΔOCD,
∠OCD + ∠ODC + ∠DOC = 180° (Angle sum property)
⇒ ∠OCD + 63° + 90° = 180°
⇒ ∠OCD + 153° = 180°
⇒ ∠OCD = 180° – 153° = 27°
Hence ∠OCD or ∠ACD = 27°
Question 14.
Find the values of x and y in the following parallelogram.
Solution:
Since, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
OA = OC
x + 8 = 16 – x
⇒ x + x = 16 – 8
⇒ 2x = 8
x=4
Similarly, OB = OD
5y + 4 = 2y + 13
⇒ 3y = 9
⇒y=3
Hence, x = 4 and y = 3
Question 15.
Write true and false against each of the given statements.
(a) Diagonals of a rhombus are equal.
(b) Diagonals of rectangles are equal.
(c) Kite is a parallelogram.
(d) Sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
(e) A trapezium is a parallelogram.
(f) Sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon is 360°.
(g) Diagonals of a rectangle are perpendicular to each other.
(h) Triangle is possible with angles 60°, 80° and 100°.
(i) In a parallelogram, the opposite sides are equal.
Solution:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
(e) False
(f) True
(g) False
(h) False
(i) True
Question 16.
The sides AB and CD of a quadrilateral ABCD are extended to points P and Q respectively.
Is ∠ADQ + ∠CBP = ∠A + ∠C? Give reason.
(NCERT Exemplar)
Solution:
Join AC, then
∠CBP = ∠BCA + ∠BAC and ∠ADQ = ∠ACD + ∠DAC (Exterior angles of triangles)
Therefore,
∠CBP + ∠ADQ = ∠BCA + ∠BAC + ∠ACD + ∠DAC
= (∠BCA + ∠ACD) + (∠BAC + ∠DAC)
= ∠C + ∠A

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
Question 17.
The diagonal of a rectangle is thrice its smaller side. Find the ratio of its sides.
Solution:
Let AD = x cm
diagonal BD = 3x cm
In right-angled triangle DAB,
AD2 + AB2 = BD2 (Using Pythagoras Theorem)
x2 + AB2 = (3x)2
⇒ x2 + AB2 = 9x2
⇒ AB2 = 9x2 – x2
⇒ AB2 = 8x2
⇒ AB = √8x = 2√2x
Required ratio of AB : AD = 2√2x : x = 2√2 : 1
Question 18.
If AM and CN are perpendiculars on the diagonal BD of a parallelogram ABCD, Is ∆AMD =
∆CNB? Give reason. (NCERT Exemplar)
Solution:
In triangles AMD and CNB,

AD = BC (opposite sides of parallelogram)
∠AMB = ∠CNB = 90°
∠ADM = ∠NBC (AD || BC and BD is transversal.)
So, ∆AMD = ∆CNB (AAS)
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 4 Practical Geometry Exercise 4.1

Construct the following quadrilaterals.
(i) Quadrilateral ABCD
AB = 4.5 cm, BC = 5.5 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 6 cm, AC = 7 cm
(ii) Quadrilateral JUMP
JU = 3.5 cm, UM = 4 cm, MP = 5 cm, PJ = 4.5 cm, PU = 6.5 cm
(iii) Parallelogram MORE
OR = 6 cm, RE = 4.5 cm, EO = 7.5 cm
(iv) Rhombus BEST
BE = 4.5 cm, ET = 6 cm
Solution:
(i) We have to draw first rough sketch.
Construction:
Step I: Draw AB = 4.5 cm
Step II: Draw an arc with centre B and radius 5.5 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre A and radius 7 cm to meet the previous arc at C.
Step IV: Draw an arc with centre C and radius 4 cm.
Step V: Draw another arc with centre A and radius 6 cm to cut the former arc at D.
Step VI: Join BC, AC, CD and AD.
(ii) We have to draw the first rough sketch.
Thus ABCD is the required quadrilateral.

Construction:
Step I: Draw JU = 3.5 cm.
Step II: Draw an arc with centre J and radius 4.5 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre U and radius 6.5 cm to meet the previous arc at P.
Step IV: Join JP and UP.
Step V: Draw an arc with centre U and radius 4 cm.
Step VI: Draw another arc with centre P and radius 5 cm to meet the previous arc at M.
Step VII: Join UM and PM.
Thus, JUMP is the required quadrilateral.
(iii) We have to draw the first rough sketch.
Construction: (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)

Step I: Draw OR = 6 cm.
Step II: Draw an arc with centre R and radius 4.5 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre O and radius 7.5 cm to meet the previous arc at E.
Step IV: Join RE and OE.
Step V: Draw an arc with centre E and radius 6 cm.
Step VI: Draw another arc with centre O and radius 4.5 cm to meet the former arc at M.
Step VII: Join EM and OM.
Thus, MORE is the required parallelogram.
(iv) We have to draw first rough sketch.
Construction: (All sides of a rhombus are equal)

Step I: Draw BE = 4.5 cm
Step III: Draw another arc with centre E and radius 6 cm to meet the previous arc at T.
Step IV: Join BT and ET.
Step V: Draw two arcs with centres E and T with equal radii 4-5 cm to meet each other at S. .
Step VI: Join ES and TS.
Thus, BEST is the required rhombus.

Construct the following quadrilaterals.
(i) Quadrilateral LIFT
LI = 4 cm
IF = 3 cm
TL = 2.5 cm
LF = 4.5 cm
IT = 4 cm
(ii) Quadrilateral GOLD
OL = 7.5 cm
GL = 6 cm
GD = 6 cm
LD = 5 cm
OD = 10 cm
(iii) Rhombus BEND
BN = 5.6 cm
DE = 6.5 cm
Solution:
(i) Construction:
Step I: Draw LI = 4 cm.
Step II: Draw an arc with centre I and radius 3 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre L and radius 4.5 cm to meet the former arc at F.
Step IV: Join LF and IF.
Step V: Draw an arc with centre L and radius 2.5 cm.
Step VI: Draw another arc with centre I and radius 4 cm to meet the previous arc at T.
Step VII: Join LT and IT.
Thus LIFT is the required quadrilateral.
(ii) Construction:
Step I: Draw OL = 7.5 cm

Step II: Draw an arc with centre O and radius 10 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre L and radius 5 cm to meet the previous arc at D.
Step IV: Join OD and LD.
Step V: Draw an arc with centre L and D with equal radii of 6 cm to meet each other at G.
Step VI: Join LG and DG.
Thus GOLD is the required quadrilateral.
(iii) Construction: (The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at the right angle)
Step I: Draw BN = 5.6 cm.

Step II: Draw the right bisector of BN at O.
Step III: Draw two arcs with centre O and radius 12 × DE, i.e., 12 × 6.5 = 3.25 cm to meet the
right bisector at D and E.
Step IV: Join BE, EN, ND and BD.
Thus, BEND is the required rhombus.

Construct the following quadrilaterals:
(i) Quadrilateral MORE
MO = 6 cm, ∠R = 105°, OR = 4.5 cm, ∠M = 60°, ∠O = 105°
(ii) Quadrilateral PLAN
PL = 4 cm, LA = 6.5 cm, ∠P = 90°, ∠A = 110°, ∠N = 85°
(iii) Parallelogram HEAR
HE = 5 cm, EA = 6 cm, ∠R = 85°
(iv) Rectangle OKAY
OK = 7 cm, KA = 5 cm
Solution:
(i) Construction:
Step I: Draw OR = 4.5 cm
Step II: Draw two angles of 105° each at O and R with the help of protactor.
Step III: Cut OM = 6 cm.
Step IV: Draw an angle of 60° at M to meet the angle line through R at E.
Thus, MORE is the required quadrilateral.
(ii) Construction:
Step I: Draw LA = 6.5 cm

Step II: Draw an angle of 75° at L and 110° at A with the help of a protractor.
[∵ 360° – (110° + 90° + 85°) = 75°]
Step III: Cut LP = 4 cm.
Step IV: Draw an angle of 90° at P which meets the angle line through A at N.
Thus PLAN is the required quadrilateral.
(iii) Construction: (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)
Step I: Draw HE = 5 cm.

Step II: Draw an angle of 85° at E and cut EA = 6 cm.
Step III: Draw an arc with centre A and radius 5 cm.
Step IV: Draw another arc with centre H and radius 6 cm to meet the previous arc at R.
Step V: Join HR and AR
Thus, HEAR is the required parallelogram.
(iv) Construction:
(Each angle of a rectangle is 90° and opposite sides are equal.)
Step I: Draw OK = 7 cm.

Step II: Draw the angle of 90° at K and cut KA = 5 cm.
Step III: Draw an arc with centre O and radius 5 cm.
Step IV: Draw another arc with centre A and radius 7 cm to meet the previous arc at Y.
Step V: Join OY and AY.
Thus OKAY is the required rectangle.

Construct the following quadrilaterals:
(i) Quadrilateral DEAR
DE = 4 cm, EA = 5 cm, AR = 4.5 cm, ∠E = 60°, ∠A = 90°
(ii) Quadrilateral TRUE
TR = 3.5 cm, RU = 3 cm, UE = 4.5 cm, ∠R = 75°, ∠U = 120°
Solution:
(i) Construction:
Step I: Draw DE = 4 cm.
Step II: Draw an angle of 60° at E.
Step III: Draw an arc with centre E and radius 5 cm to meet the angle line at A.
Step IV: Draw an angle of 90° at A and cut AR = 4.5 cm.
Step V: Join DR.
Thus, DEAR is the required quadrilateral.
(ii) Construction:
Step I: Draw TR = 3.5 cm

Step II: Draw an angle of 75° at R and cut RU = 3 cm.
Step III: Draw an angle of 120° at U and cut UE = 4.5 cm.
Step IV: Join TE.
Thus, TRUE is the required quadrilateral.
Draw the following:

The square READ with RE = 5.1 cm.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw RE = 5.1 cm.

Step II: Draw an angle of 90° at E and cut EA = 5.1 cm.
Step III: Draw two arcs from A and R with radius 5.1 cm to cut each other at D.
Step IV: Join RD and AD.
Thus, READ is the required square.
A rhombus whose diagonals are 5.2 cm and 6.4 cm long.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw AC = 6.4 cm.

Step II: Draw the right bisector of AC at E.
Step III: Draw two arcs with centre E and radius = 5.22 = 2.6 cm to cut the previous diagonal
at B and D.
Step IV: Join AD, AB, BC and DC.
Thus ABCD is the required rhombus.
A rectangle with adjacent sides of lengths 5 cm and 4 cm.
Solution:
Construction: Let the two adjacent sides of a rectangle PQRS be PQ = 5 cm and QR = 4 cm.
Step I: Draw PQ = 5 cm.

Step II: Draw an angle of 90° at Q and cut QR = 4 cm.
Step III: Draw an arc with centre R and radius 5 cm.
Step IV: Draw another arc with centre P and radius 4 cm to meet the previous arc at S.
Step V: Join RS and PS.
Thus, PQRS is the required rectangle.

A parallelogram OKAY where OK = 5.5 cm and KA = 4.2 cm. Is it unique?
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw OK = 5.5 cm.
Step II: Draw an angle of any measure (say 60°) at K and cut KA = 4.2 cm.
Step III: Draw an arc with centre A and radius of 5.5 cm.
Step IV: Draw another arc with centre O and radius 4.2 cm to cut the previous arc at Y.
Step V: Join AY and OY.
Thus, OKAY is the required parallelogram.
No, it is not a unique parallelogram. The angle at K can be of measure other than 60°.
Extra Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 4 Practical Geometry
Question 1.
Construct a quadrilateral PQRS, given that QR = 4.5 cm, PS = 5.5 cm, RS = 5 cm and the
diagonal PR = 5.5 cm and diagonal SQ = 7 cm.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw QR = 4.5 cm.
Step II: Draw an arc with centre R and radius 5 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre Q and radius 7 cm to meet the previous arc at S.
Step IV: Join RS and QS.
Step V: Draw two arcs with centre S and R and radius 5.5 cm each to meet each other at P.
Step VI: Join RP, SP and PQ.
Thus PQRS is the required quadrilateral.
Question 2.
Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 4 cm, BC = 3.5 cm, CD = 5 cm, AD = 5.5 cm
and ∠B = 75°.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw AB = 4 cm.
Step II: Draw an angle of 75° at B and cut BC = 3.5 cm.
Step III: Draw an arc with centre C and radius 5 cm.
Step IV: Draw another arc with centre A and radius 5.5 cm to meet the previous arc at D.
Step V: Join CD and AD.
Thus ABCD is the required quadrilateral.
Question 3.
Construct a square whose side is 5 cm.
Solution:
Construction:
Step II: Draw an angle of 90° at B and cut BC = 5 cm.
Step III: Draw two arcs with centre A and C and same radii of 5 cm which meet each other at
D.
Step IV: Join AD and CD.
Thus, ABCD is the required square.
Question 4.
Construct a rhombus ABCD in which AB = 5.8 cm and AC = 7.5 cm.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw AB = 5.8 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre A and radius 7.5 cm to meet the previous arc at C.
Step IV: Draw two arcs with centres A and C and of the same radius 5.8 cm to meet each
other at D.
Step V: Join BC, AC, CD and AD.
Thus ABCD is the required rhombus.
Question 5.
Construct a rhombus whose diagonals are 6 cm and 8 cm.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw SQ = 8 cm.
Step II: Draw a right bisector of SQ at O.
Step III: Draw two arcs with centre O and radius 3 cm each to cut the right bisector at P and
R.
Step TV: Join PQ, QR, RS and SP.
Thus PQRS is the required rhombus.
Question 6.
Construct a rectangle whose diagonal is 5 cm and the angle between the diagonal is 50°.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw AC = 5 cm.
Step II: Draw the right bisector of AC at O.
Step III: Draw an angle of 50° at O and product both sides.
Step IV: Draw two arcs with centre O and of the same radius 2.5 cm to cut at B and D.
Step V: Join AB, BC, CD and DA.
Thus, ABCD is the required rectangle.
Question 7.
Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which BC = 4 cm, ∠B = 60°, ∠C = 135°, AB = 5 cm and
∠A = 90°.
Solution:
Construction:
Step II: Draw the angle of 60° at B and cut BC = 4 cm.
Step III: Draw an angle of 135° at C and angle of 90° at A which meet each other at D.
Thus, ABCD is the required quadrilateral.
Question 8.
Construct a parallelogram ABCD in which AB = 5.5 cm, AC = 7 cm and BD = 8 cm.
Solution:
Construction:
Step I: Draw AB = 5.5 cm.
Step II: Draw an arc with centre B and radius 82 cm = 4 cm.
Step III: Draw another arc with centre A and radius 72 cm = 3.5 cm which cuts the previous
arc at O.
Step IV: Join AO and produce to C such that AO = OC.
Step V: Join BO and produce to D such that BO = OD.
Step VI: Join BC, CD and AD.
Thus ABCD is the required parallelogram.
Question 9.
Construct a rhombus PAIR, given that PA = 6 cm and angle ∠A = 110°.
Solution:
Since in a rhombus, all sides are equal, so PA = AI = IR = RP = 6 cm
Also, rhombus is a parallelogram
so, adjacent angle, ∠I = 180° – 110° = 70°
Steps of construction
Step I. Draw AI = 6 cm
Step II. Draw ray AX¯ such that ∠IAX = 110° and draw IY¯ such that ∠AIY = 70°.
Step III. With A and I as centres and radius 6 cm draw arcs intersecting AX and IY at P and
R respectively.
Step IV. Join PR.
Thus, PAIR is the required rhombus.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Data Handling Exercise 5.1

For which of these would you use a histogram to show the data?
(i) The number of letters for different areas in a postman’s bag.
(ii) The height of competitors in an athletics meet.
(iii) The number of cassettes produced by 5 companies.
(iv) The number of passengers boarding trains from 7 a.m to 7 p.m at a station.
Give a reason for each.
Solution:
(i) The number of areas cannot be represented in class-intervals. So, we cannot use the
histogram to show the data.
(ii) Height of competitors can be divided into intervals. So, we can use histogram here.
For example:
(iii) Companies cannot be divided into intervals. So, we cannot use histogram here.
(iv) Time for boarding the train can be divided into intervals. So, we can use histogram here.
For example:

The shoppers who come to a departmental store are marked as: man (M), woman (W), boy
(B) or girl (G). The following list gives the shoppers who came during the first hour in the
morning.
WWWGBWWMGGMMWWWW
GBMWBGGMWWMMWWW
MWBWGMWWWWGWMMW
WMWGWMGWMMBGGW
Make a frequency distribution table using tally marks. Draw a bar graph to illustrate it.
Solution:

The weekly wages (in ₹) of 30 workers in a factory are:
830, 835, 890, 810, 835, 836, 869, 845, 898, 890,
820, 860, 832, 833, 855, 845, 804, 808, 812, 840,
885, 835, 835, 836, 878, 840, 868, 890, 806, 840
Using tally marks make a frequency table with intervals as 800-810, 810-820 and so on.
Solution:
Draw a histogram for the frequency table made for the data in Question 3, and answer the
following questions:
(i) Which group has the maximum number of workers?
(ii) How many workers earn ₹ 850 and more?
(iii) How many workers earn less than ₹ 850?
Solution:
Refer to the frequency table of Question No. 3.
(i) Group 830-840 has the maximum number of workers, i.e., 9.

(ii) 10 workers earn equal and more than ₹ 850.
(iii) 20 workers earn less than ₹ 850.

The number of hours for which students of a particular class watched television during
holidays is shown through the given graph.
Answer the following questions.
(i) For how many hours did the maximum number of students watch TV?
(ii) How many students watched TV for less than 4 hours?
(iii) How many students spent more than 5 hours watching TV?
Solution:
(i) 32 is the maximum number of students who watched TV for 4 to 5 hours.
(ii) 4 + 8 + 22 = 34 students watched TV for less than 4 hours.
(iii) 8 + 6 = 14 students watched TV for more than 5 hours.

A survey was made to find the type of music that a certain group of young people liked in a
city. The adjoining pie chart shows the findings of this survey.
From this pie chart answer the following:
(i) If 20 people liked classical music, how many young people were surveyed?
(ii) Which type of music is liked by the maximum number of people?
(iii) If a cassette company were to make 1000 CDs. How many of each type would they
make?
Solution:
(i) Number of young people who were surveyed = 100×2010 = 200 people.
(ii) Light music is liked by the maximum people, i.e., 40%
(iii) Total number of CD = 1000
Number of viewers who like classical music = 10×1000100 = 100
Number of viewer who like semi-classical music = 20×1000100 = 200
Number of viewers who like light music = 40×1000100 = 400
Number of viewers who like folk music = 30×1000100 = 300
A group of 360 people were asked to vote for their favourite season from the three seasons
rainy, winter and summer.
(i) Which season got the most votes?
(ii) Find the central angle of each sector.
(iii) Draw a pie chart to show this information.
Solution:
(i) Winter season got the most votes, i.e. 150
(iii) Pie chart

Draw a pie chart showing the following information. The table shows the colours preferred
by a group of people.
Solution:
Table to find the central angle of each sector

The following pie chart gives the marks scored in an examination by a student in Hindi,
English, Mathematics, Social Science and Science. If the total marks obtained by the students
were 540, answer the following questions.
(i) In which subject did the student score 105 marks?
(Hint: for 540 marks, the central angle = 360°. So, for 105 marks, what is the central angle?)
(ii) How many more marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics than in Hindi?
(iii) Examine whether the sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and Mathematics is
more than that in Science and Hindi.
(Hint: Just study the central angles).
Solution:
(i) For 540 marks, the central angle = 360°

For 105 marks the central angle = 360540×105 = 70°
Corresponding subject = Hindi
(ii) Marks obtained in Mathematics = 90360×540 = 135
Marks obtained in Mathematics more than Hindi = 135 – 105 = 30
(iii) Central angle of Social Science + Mathematics = 65° + 90° = 155°
Central angle of Science + Hindi = 80° + 70° = 150°
Marks obtained in Social Science and Mathematics are more than that of the marks obtained
in Science and Hindi.
The number of students in a hostel, speaking different languages is given below. Display the
data in a pie chart.
Solution:

List the outcomes you can see in these experiments.
(i) Spinning a wheel
(ii) Tossing two coins together
Solution:
(i) On spinning the wheel, we can get the following outcomes B, C, D, E and A.
(ii) When two coins are tossed together, we get the following outcomes
HH, HT, TH, TT (Where H denotes Head and T denotes Tail)

When a die is thrown, list the outcomes of an event of getting
(i) (a) a prime number
(b) not a prime number
(ii) (a) a number greater than 5
(b) a number not greater than 5
Solution:
(i) (a) The prime number are 2, 3 and 5
Required outcomes = 2, 3 and 5
(b) Outcomes for not a prime number are 1, 4 and 6
Required outcomes = 1, 4, 6.
(ii) (a) Outcomes for a number greater than 5 = 6
Required outcome = 6
(b) Outcomes for a number not greater than 5 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Required outcomes = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Find the
(i) Probability of the pointer stopping on D in (Question 1-(a))?
(ii) Probability of getting an ace from a well-shuffled deck of 52 playing cards?
(iii) Probability of getting a red apple, (see figure below)
Solution:
(i) Refer to fig. Question 1-(a)
Total number of sectors = 5
Number of sector where the pointer stops = 1, i.e. D
Probability of pointer stopping at D = 15
(ii) Number of aces = 4 (one from each suit i.e. heart, diamond, club and spade)
Total number of playing cards = 52
Probability of getting an ace
(iii) Total number of apples = 7

Number of red apples = 4
Probability of getting red apples

Numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten separate slips (one number on one slip), kept in a box and
mixed well. One slip is choosen from the box without looking into it. What is the probability
of:
(i) getting a number 6?
(ii) getting a number less than 6?
(iii) getting a number greater than 6?
(iv) getting a 1-digit number?
Solution:
(i) Probability of getting a number 6 = 110
(ii) Probability of getting a number less than 6 = 510 = 12 [∵ Numbers less than 6 are 1, 2, 3,
4, 5]
(iii) Probability of getting a number greater than 6 = 410 = 25 [∵ Number greater than 6 are 7,
8, 9, 10]
(iv) Probability of getting a 1-digit number = 910
[∵ 1-digit numbers are 9, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
If you have a spinning wheel with 3 green sectors, 1 blue sector and 1 red sector, what is the
probability of getting a green sector? What is the probability of getting a non-blue sector?
Solution:
Total number of sectors are = 3 green + 1 blue + 1 red = 5 sectors
Probability of getting a green sector
Number of non-blue sectors are = 3 green + 1 red = 4 sectors

Probability of getting non-blue sector

Find the probabilities of the events given in Question 2.
Solution:
Refer to Question 2, we have
(i) (a) Probability of getting a prime number
(b) Probability of getting a non-prime number
(ii) (a) Probability of getting a number greater than 5 = 16

(b) Probability of a number not greater than 5 = 56 or, 1 – 16 = 56
Extra Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Data Handling
Data Handling Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short

Answer Type
Question 1.
In the class interval 5-10, find the
(i) lower limit
(ii) upper limit
(iii) class mark
(iv) class size
Solution:
(i) lower limit = 5
(ii) upper limit = 10
(iii) Class mark = 5+102 = 152 = 7.5
(iv) Class size = 10 – 5 = 5
Question 2.
A group of 20 students recorded their heights (in cm). The data received were as given below.
What is the range?
150, 120, 112, 160, 155, 151, 158, 142, 148, 149, 161, 165, 140, 157, 156, 146, 148, 153,
138, 135
Solution:
The minimum height =112 cm
Maximum height = 165 cm
Range = Maximum height – Minimum height = 165 cm – 112 cm = 47 cm
Question 3.
In the given pie chart, which colour is most popular? Which colour is the least popular?
Solution:
Red colour is the most popular and the blue colour is the least popular.
Question 4.
A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a number greater than 4.
Solution:
Number greater than 4 = 5, 6
n(E) = 2
Sample space n(S) = 6
Probability of getting a number greater than 4
= n(E)n(S = 26 = 13
Where re(E): Number of favourable outcomes
n(S): Total number of outcomes
Question 5.
A class consists of 21 boys and 9 girls. A student is to be selected for social work. Find the
probability that
(i) a girl is selected
(ii) a boy is selected
Solution:
Sample space n(S) = 21 + 9 = 30
Number of girls n(E) = 9
(i) Probability of selecting a girl
= n(E)n(S = 930 = 310
(ii) Probability of selecting a boy
= n(E)n(S = 2130 = 710
Question 6.
The following pie chart depicts the percentage of students, nationwide. What is the
percentage of
(i) Indian students
(ii) African students?
Solution:
(i) Percentage of Indian students = 180×100360 = 50%
(ii) Percentage of African students = 45×100360 = 1212%
Short Answer (SA) Questions
Question 7.
Fill in the blanks:
Solution:
Class-marks are
Class-mark
Question 8.
Construct a frequency table for the following marks obtained by 50 students using equal
Intervals taking 16-24 (24 not included) as one of the class-intervals.
52, 16, 18, 20, 42, 48, 39, 38, 54, 58, 47, 37, 25, 16, 42, 49, 36, 35, 53, 21, 30, 43, 56, 34, 33,
17, 22, 24, 37, 41, 40, 50, 54, 56, 54, 36, 38, 42, 44, 56, 17, 18, 22, 24, 17, 48, 58, 23, 29, 58
Solution:
Question 9.
The double bar graph shows the average monthly temperatures of two cities over 4 months
period. Read the graph carefully and answer the questions given below:
(i) What does each 1 cm block on the vertical axis represent?
(ii) What was the average monthly temperature in Dehradun in

(a) March
(b) April
(c) May
(d) June?
(iii) What was the average monthly temperature in Delhi for the whole 4 months?
(iv) In which month was the difference between the temperature of Delhi and Dehradun
maximum and how much?
Solution:
(i) 1 cm block on vertical axis = 10°C
(ii) The average monthly temperature in Dehradun in the month of
(a) March was 25°C
(b) April was 34°C
(c) May was 40°C
(d) June was 36°C
(iii) The average monthly temperature in Delhi in the 4 months
(iv) Difference between the average monthly temperature of Delhi and Dehradun was
maximum in the month of June, i.e. (50° – 36°) = 14°C.
Question 10.
The following table represents the number of students in a school playing six different games.
Present the above information on a bar graph.

Solution:
Question 11.
Prepare a grouped frequency table for the given histogram.
Solution:
Question 12.
A bag contains 144 coloured balls represented by the following table. Draw a pie chart to
show this information.
Solution:
Question 13.
Mrs Verma spends her allowance in the following way.
Represent the above information by a pie chart.

Solution:
Question 14.
What is the probability of getting a marble which is not red from a bag containing 3 black, 8
yellow, 2 red and 5 white marbles?
Solution:
Total number of balls = 3 black + 8 yellow + 2 red + 5 white = 18
n( S) = 18
Number of the balls which are not red = 3 + 8 + 5 = 16
n(E) = 16
Probability = n(E)n(S) = 1618 = 89
Question 15.
From a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards, a card is selected at random. Find the
probability of getting
(i) a black card
(ii) a black king
(iii) an ace
(iv) a card of diamond
Solution:
Here, n(S) = 52
(i) Total number of black card = 26
n(E) = 26
Probability of getting a black card = n(E)n(S) = 2652 = 12
(ii) Number of black king = 2
n(E) = 2
Probability of getting a black king = n(E)n(S) = 252 = 126
(iii) Number of aces = 4
n(E) = 4
Probability of getting an ace = n(E)n(S) = 452 = 113
(iv) Number of diamond cards = 13
n(E) = 13
Probability of getting a card of diamond = n(E)n(S) = 1352 = 14
For which of these would you use a histogram to show the data?
(i) The number of letters for different areas in a postman’s bag.
(ii) The height of competitors in an athletics meet.
(iii) The number of cassettes produced by 5 companies.
(iv) The number of passengers boarding trains from 7 a.m to 7 p.m at a station.
Give a reason for each.
Solution:
(i) The number of areas cannot be represented in class-intervals. So, we cannot use the
histogram to show the data.
(ii) Height of competitors can be divided into intervals. So, we can use histogram here.
For example:
(iii) Companies cannot be divided into intervals. So, we cannot use histogram here.
(iv) Time for boarding the train can be divided into intervals. So, we can use histogram here.
For example:

The shoppers who come to a departmental store are marked as: man (M), woman (W), boy
(B) or girl (G). The following list gives the shoppers who came during the first hour in the
morning.
WWWGBWWMGGMMWWWW
GBMWBGGMWWMMWWW
MWBWGMWWWWGWMMW
WMWGWMGWMMBGGW
Make a frequency distribution table using tally marks. Draw a bar graph to illustrate it.
Solution:

The weekly wages (in ₹) of 30 workers in a factory are:
830, 835, 890, 810, 835, 836, 869, 845, 898, 890,
820, 860, 832, 833, 855, 845, 804, 808, 812, 840,
885, 835, 835, 836, 878, 840, 868, 890, 806, 840
Using tally marks make a frequency table with intervals as 800-810, 810-820 and so on.
Solution:
Draw a histogram for the frequency table made for the data in Question 3, and answer the
following questions:
(i) Which group has the maximum number of workers?
(ii) How many workers earn ₹ 850 and more?
(iii) How many workers earn less than ₹ 850?
Solution:
Refer to the frequency table of Question No. 3.
(i) Group 830-840 has the maximum number of workers, i.e., 9.

(ii) 10 workers earn equal and more than ₹ 850.
(iii) 20 workers earn less than ₹ 850.

The number of hours for which students of a particular class watched television during
holidays is shown through the given graph.
Answer the following questions.
(i) For how many hours did the maximum number of students watch TV?
(ii) How many students watched TV for less than 4 hours?
(iii) How many students spent more than 5 hours watching TV?
Solution:
(i) 32 is the maximum number of students who watched TV for 4 to 5 hours.
(ii) 4 + 8 + 22 = 34 students watched TV for less than 4 hours.
(iii) 8 + 6 = 14 students watched TV for more than 5 hours.

A survey was made to find the type of music that a certain group of young people liked in a
city. The adjoining pie chart shows the findings of this survey.
From this pie chart answer the following:
(i) If 20 people liked classical music, how many young people were surveyed?
(ii) Which type of music is liked by the maximum number of people?
(iii) If a cassette company were to make 1000 CDs. How many of each type would they
make?
Solution:
(i) Number of young people who were surveyed = 100×2010 = 200 people.
(ii) Light music is liked by the maximum people, i.e., 40%
(iii) Total number of CD = 1000
Number of viewers who like classical music = 10×1000100 = 100
Number of viewer who like semi-classical music = 20×1000100 = 200
Number of viewers who like light music = 40×1000100 = 400
Number of viewers who like folk music = 30×1000100 = 300
A group of 360 people were asked to vote for their favourite season from the three seasons
rainy, winter and summer.
(i) Which season got the most votes?
(ii) Find the central angle of each sector.
(iii) Draw a pie chart to show this information.
Solution:
(i) Winter season got the most votes, i.e. 150
(iii) Pie chart

Draw a pie chart showing the following information. The table shows the colours preferred
by a group of people.
Solution:
Table to find the central angle of each sector

The following pie chart gives the marks scored in an examination by a student in Hindi,
English, Mathematics, Social Science and Science. If the total marks obtained by the students
were 540, answer the following questions.
(i) In which subject did the student score 105 marks?
(Hint: for 540 marks, the central angle = 360°. So, for 105 marks, what is the central angle?)
(ii) How many more marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics than in Hindi?
(iii) Examine whether the sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and Mathematics is
more than that in Science and Hindi.
(Hint: Just study the central angles).
Solution:
(i) For 540 marks, the central angle = 360°

For 105 marks the central angle = 360540×105 = 70°
Corresponding subject = Hindi
(ii) Marks obtained in Mathematics = 90360×540 = 135
Marks obtained in Mathematics more than Hindi = 135 – 105 = 30
(iii) Central angle of Social Science + Mathematics = 65° + 90° = 155°
Central angle of Science + Hindi = 80° + 70° = 150°
Marks obtained in Social Science and Mathematics are more than that of the marks obtained
in Science and Hindi.
The number of students in a hostel, speaking different languages is given below. Display the
data in a pie chart.
Solution:

List the outcomes you can see in these experiments.
(i) Spinning a wheel
(ii) Tossing two coins together
Solution:
(i) On spinning the wheel, we can get the following outcomes B, C, D, E and A.
(ii) When two coins are tossed together, we get the following outcomes
HH, HT, TH, TT (Where H denotes Head and T denotes Tail)

When a die is thrown, list the outcomes of an event of getting
(i) (a) a prime number
(b) not a prime number
(ii) (a) a number greater than 5
(b) a number not greater than 5
Solution:
(i) (a) The prime number are 2, 3 and 5
Required outcomes = 2, 3 and 5
(b) Outcomes for not a prime number are 1, 4 and 6
Required outcomes = 1, 4, 6.
(ii) (a) Outcomes for a number greater than 5 = 6
Required outcome = 6
(b) Outcomes for a number not greater than 5 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Required outcomes = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Find the
(i) Probability of the pointer stopping on D in (Question 1-(a))?
(ii) Probability of getting an ace from a well-shuffled deck of 52 playing cards?
(iii) Probability of getting a red apple, (see figure below)
Solution:
(i) Refer to fig. Question 1-(a)
Total number of sectors = 5
Number of sector where the pointer stops = 1, i.e. D
Probability of pointer stopping at D = 15
(ii) Number of aces = 4 (one from each suit i.e. heart, diamond, club and spade)
Total number of playing cards = 52
Probability of getting an ace
(iii) Total number of apples = 7

Number of red apples = 4
Probability of getting red apples

Numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten separate slips (one number on one slip), kept in a box and
mixed well. One slip is choosen from the box without looking into it. What is the probability
of:
(i) getting a number 6?
(ii) getting a number less than 6?
(iii) getting a number greater than 6?
(iv) getting a 1-digit number?
Solution:
(i) Probability of getting a number 6 = 110
(ii) Probability of getting a number less than 6 = 510 = 12 [∵ Numbers less than 6 are 1, 2, 3,
4, 5]
(iii) Probability of getting a number greater than 6 = 410 = 25 [∵ Number greater than 6 are 7,
8, 9, 10]
(iv) Probability of getting a 1-digit number = 910
[∵ 1-digit numbers are 9, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
If you have a spinning wheel with 3 green sectors, 1 blue sector and 1 red sector, what is the
probability of getting a green sector? What is the probability of getting a non-blue sector?
Solution:
Total number of sectors are = 3 green + 1 blue + 1 red = 5 sectors
Probability of getting a green sector
Number of non-blue sectors are = 3 green + 1 red = 4 sectors

Probability of getting non-blue sector

Find the probabilities of the events given in Question 2.
Solution:
Refer to Question 2, we have
(i) (a) Probability of getting a prime number
(b) Probability of getting a non-prime number
(ii) (a) Probability of getting a number greater than 5 = 16

(b) Probability of a number not greater than 5 = 56 or, 1 – 16 = 56
Extra Questions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 5 Data Handling
Data Handling Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short

Answer Type
Question 1.
In the class interval 5-10, find the
(i) lower limit
(ii) upper limit
(iii) class mark
(iv) class size
Solution:
(i) lower limit = 5
(ii) upper limit = 10
(iii) Class mark = 5+102 = 152 = 7.5
(iv) Class size = 10 – 5 = 5
Question 2.
A group of 20 students recorded their heights (in cm). The data received were as given below.
What is the range?
150, 120, 112, 160, 155, 151, 158, 142, 148, 149, 161, 165, 140, 157, 156, 146, 148, 153,
138, 135
Solution:
The minimum height =112 cm
Maximum height = 165 cm
Range = Maximum height – Minimum height = 165 cm – 112 cm = 47 cm
Question 3.
In the given pie chart, which colour is most popular? Which colour is the least popular?
Solution:
Red colour is the most popular and the blue colour is the least popular.
Question 4.
A die is thrown once. Find the probability of getting a number greater than 4.
Solution:
Number greater than 4 = 5, 6
n(E) = 2
Sample space n(S) = 6
Probability of getting a number greater than 4
= n(E)n(S = 26 = 13
Where re(E): Number of favourable outcomes
n(S): Total number of outcomes
Question 5.
A class consists of 21 boys and 9 girls. A student is to be selected for social work. Find the
probability that
(i) a girl is selected
(ii) a boy is selected
Solution:
Sample space n(S) = 21 + 9 = 30
Number of girls n(E) = 9
(i) Probability of selecting a girl
= n(E)n(S = 930 = 310
(ii) Probability of selecting a boy
= n(E)n(S = 2130 = 710
Question 6.
The following pie chart depicts the percentage of students, nationwide. What is the
percentage of
(i) Indian students
(ii) African students?
Solution:
(i) Percentage of Indian students = 180×100360 = 50%
(ii) Percentage of African students = 45×100360 = 1212%
Short Answer (SA) Questions
Question 7.
Fill in the blanks:
Solution:
Class-marks are
Class-mark
Question 8.
Construct a frequency table for the following marks obtained by 50 students using equal
Intervals taking 16-24 (24 not included) as one of the class-intervals.
52, 16, 18, 20, 42, 48, 39, 38, 54, 58, 47, 37, 25, 16, 42, 49, 36, 35, 53, 21, 30, 43, 56, 34, 33,
17, 22, 24, 37, 41, 40, 50, 54, 56, 54, 36, 38, 42, 44, 56, 17, 18, 22, 24, 17, 48, 58, 23, 29, 58
Solution:
Question 9.
The double bar graph shows the average monthly temperatures of two cities over 4 months
period. Read the graph carefully and answer the questions given below:
(i) What does each 1 cm block on the vertical axis represent?
(ii) What was the average monthly temperature in Dehradun in

(a) March
(b) April
(c) May
(d) June?
(iii) What was the average monthly temperature in Delhi for the whole 4 months?
(iv) In which month was the difference between the temperature of Delhi and Dehradun
maximum and how much?
Solution:
(i) 1 cm block on vertical axis = 10°C
(ii) The average monthly temperature in Dehradun in the month of
(a) March was 25°C
(b) April was 34°C
(c) May was 40°C
(d) June was 36°C
(iii) The average monthly temperature in Delhi in the 4 months
(iv) Difference between the average monthly temperature of Delhi and Dehradun was
maximum in the month of June, i.e. (50° – 36°) = 14°C.
Question 10.
The following table represents the number of students in a school playing six different games.
Present the above information on a bar graph.

Solution:
Question 11.
Prepare a grouped frequency table for the given histogram.
Solution:
Question 12.
A bag contains 144 coloured balls represented by the following table. Draw a pie chart to
show this information.
Solution:
Question 13.
Mrs Verma spends her allowance in the following way.
Represent the above information by a pie chart.

Solution:
Question 14.
What is the probability of getting a marble which is not red from a bag containing 3 black, 8
yellow, 2 red and 5 white marbles?
Solution:
Total number of balls = 3 black + 8 yellow + 2 red + 5 white = 18
n( S) = 18
Number of the balls which are not red = 3 + 8 + 5 = 16
n(E) = 16
Probability = n(E)n(S) = 1618 = 89
Question 15.
From a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards, a card is selected at random. Find the
probability of getting
(i) a black card
(ii) a black king
(iii) an ace
(iv) a card of diamond
Solution:
Here, n(S) = 52
(i) Total number of black card = 26
n(E) = 26
Probability of getting a black card = n(E)n(S) = 2652 = 12
(ii) Number of black king = 2
n(E) = 2
Probability of getting a black king = n(E)n(S) = 252 = 126
(iii) Number of aces = 4
n(E) = 4
Probability of getting an ace = n(E)n(S) = 452 = 113
(iv) Number of diamond cards = 13
n(E) = 13
Probability of getting a card of diamond = n(E)n(S) = 1352 = 14

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

 Chapter 1 Rational Numbers

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths

Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 3.

Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 6.

Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 7.

Ex 1.1 Class 8 Maths Question 8.

Multiplicative inverse of 0.3 or 310 is 103.

Ex 1.2 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Here, point B represents −56 on the number line.

Ex 1.2 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

Ex 2.1 Class 8 Maths Question 2.

Ex 2.1 Class 8 Maths Question 3.

Ex 2.1 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 2.1 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 2.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 6.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 7.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 8.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 9.

4 years later, the age of Haroon will be (7x + 4) years.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 11.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 12.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 13.

Hence, the required rational number is −12

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 15.

Ex 2.2 Class 8 Maths Question 16.

Solve the following equations and check your results.

Ex 2.3 Class 8 Maths Question 3.

Ex 2.3 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 2.3 Class 8 Maths Question 6.

Ex 2.3 Class 8 Maths Question 7.

Ex 2.3 Class 8 Maths Question 9.

Ex 2.4 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

Ex 2.4 Class 8 Maths Question 3.

Ex 2.4 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 2.4 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

Ex 2.4 Class 8 Maths Question 8.

Ex 2.4 Class 8 Maths Question 10.

Solve the following linear equations.

(Multiplying both sides by 12)

Ex 2.5 Class 8 Maths Question 3.

Ex 2.5 Class 8 Maths Question 4.

Ex 2.5 Class 8 Maths Question 5.

Ex 2.5 Class 8 Maths Question 6.

Ex 2.5 Class 8 Maths Question 10.

Solve the following equations.

⇒ 2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7) (Cross-multiplication)

Linear Equations in One Variable Class 8 Extra Questions

Linear Equations in One Variable Class 8 Extra Questions

Linear Equations in One Variable Class 8 Extra Questions

Ex 3.2 Class 8 Maths Question 1.

x = 360° – 250° = 110°

and ∠z = 90° (given)

Ex 3.2 Class 8 Maths Question 2.

Hence, the number of sides = 15