GS-1 A UNIT IV #PrayasKSG - 231004 - 160404 - 231224 - 211842

Build Your Own Success Story!
FIRST PAPER
PART – A (UNIT-IV)
1. Well Comprehensive material for 3 & 5 Markers.
2. Prayas KSG aims to provide answer of all the
expected questions from each unit of your syllabus.
3. This matter would cover all topics of this particular
unit.
4. It is a very precise, well structured material, that would
enhance the scoring ability of MPPSC aspirants.
5. The material would not only cover 5 marker questions
but also provide relevant information for 3 markers.
PLOT NO. 43, S-1 & S-3, 2nd FLOOR, R.R. ARCADE, (BEHIND G K PALACE), ZONE-II, M.P. NAGAR,
BHOPAL ✆: 7223901339 1
FIRST PAPER
PART – A (UNIT-IV)
1. The Charan Paduka Massacre has been called the Jallianwala

Bagh massacre of Madhya Pradesh. Comment.
● The Charan Paduka Massacre was as brutal as the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre in which many dissenters who were protesting peacefully against
the British dominion were shot dead in an open space. The incident was held
at charan paduka village in Chhatarpur district in1931. In this massacre,
around 21 people died and 24 people were injured. Besides this some people
were sentenced to rigorous imprisonment of 3 years. The massacre has been
called the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of Madhya Pradesh.
2. Discuss Jhokhan Bagh Massacre of Jhansi.
● The Indian sepoys have been boiling with unrest since rumor spread that the
rifle cartridges have been greased with beef and pork fat. Captain Skene,
who was the superintendent and senior civil servant in Jhansi, retreated into
the fort with the rest of the British soldiers and their families. He pleaded
assistance from the Rani and although she initially offered them protection
in her palace, she soon found herself in a perilous position – threatened by
the rebels as well as a distant cousin attempting to usurp the throne. When
the revolt finally broke out, the British remained stranded in the fort and
were condemned to die. On June 8th, the rebels offered them safety so long
as they gave up their weapons. The British accepted the offer but was
instead brought to the grounds of the Jokhan Bagh temples and were all
murdered, including women and children. It is now known as the Skene
Massacre in Jhokhan Bagh.
3. Discuss the role of Madhya Pradesh in the Revolt of 1857.
● Madhya Pradesh played an important role in the revolt of 1857.The places
like Neemuch, Muraar (Gwalior), Garh Mandla, Mhow, Mandsaur, Sagar,
Mandleshwar, Shivpuri etc have important contributions in the revolt. The
prominent freedom fighters from Madhya Pradesh such as Rani laxmibai,
Tatya Tope, Rani Avantibai, Saadat khan,Shankar shah and Raghunath shah
fought bravely and inspired the masses to participate in the Indian freedom
struggle. Patriotism formed a strong element in the revolt of 1857 in the
Sagar and Narmada Territories. As Madhya Pradesh is a heart of India,
strategic location of most of the fight or operations of the 1857 were
controlled by here only.
4. Write a short note on the Jungle Satyagraha.
● The Jungle Satyagraha was inspired with the Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March)
which was started by Mahatma Gandhi. The jungle Satyagraha was started in
1930 by tribal people of Seoni, Turiya and Ghora-Dangari (Betul) and
disseminated widely from village to village . It was led by the Gunjan Singh
Koraku and Banjari singh koraku. The movement was important as:
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● It saw the participation of prominent leaders like Seth Govind Das,

Makhanlaal Chaturvedi, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla, Pt. Dwarika Prasad
Mishra and Vishnu Dayal Bhargava.
● It firmly challenged the British Empire by putting blankets on their
shoulders and carrying sticks in their hands.
5. Throw light on the role of Ahilyabai Holkar for the Malwa kingdom.
(MPPSC 2016)
● Maharani Ahilya Bai (1725-1795) was the Holkar Queen of the Maratha
ruled Malwa kingdom. Her role is quite pivotal as;
● She was a great builder and philanthropist as she built numerous forts wells,
shelters fortravellers and roads in Malwa, sponsoring festivals and giving
donations to many Hindu temples.
● She moved her capital to Maheshwar, on the banks of Narmada. She
personally led armies into battle.
● She protected her kingdom from Muslim invaders as well as plundering
Gonds and Bhils.
● She spreaded the message of dharma and promoted industrialisation in the
18thCentury.
● Ahilyadevi earned a reputation for administering justice fairly during her rule
without partiality or partisanship.
6. Write a short note on the role of Chandra Shekhar Azad in the
freedom struggle.
● Chandra Shekhar Azad, was an Indian revolutionary who reorganised the
Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). He was born on 23 July 1906, in
the princely-state of Alirajpur.
● He was the mentor of Bhagat singh.
● He was deeply affected by the massacre in Amritsar’s Jallianwala Bagh in
1919. He joined the freedom struggle in 1921 while he was just a school
student. Azad participated in several violent crimes, notably the Kakori train
robbery (1925) and the revenge killing of a British police officer (1928). He
was lovingly called Quick-silver for his restless enthusiasm. His only poetic
composition: 'Dushman ki goliyon ka hum saamna karenge. Azad hi rahein
hain, azad hi Rahenge'.
7. Throw the light on the Jabalpur Jhanda satyagraha.
(MPPSC 2016)
OR
Throw light on the Flag satyagraha movement of Madhya Pradesh.
(MPPSC 2018).
● Flag Satyagraha is a campaign of peaceful civil disobedience during the
Indian independence movement. Flag Satyagrahas were conducted most
notably in the city of Jabalpur and Nagpur in 1923 but also in many other
parts of India.
● It was on March 18, 1923 that the first Tricolour was hoisted in Jabalpur,
marking the start of 'Jhanda Satyagraha'. This Satyagraha was led by Devdas
Gandhi, Rajagopalachari and Dr Rajendra Prasad. Sarojini Naidu and
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Maulana Azad also hoisted the flag at the town hall of Jabalpur. Nationalists
were encouraged to violate the law and hoisted the flag without resisting
arrest or retaliating against police thus flag satyagrahas were one of the most
common acts of defiance during the nationalist rebellions.
8. Give a brief account of Rani Laxmi Bai: The warrior queen of Jhansi.
● Rani LakshmiBai: Maharani Lakshmi Bai, the fearless queen of Jhansi, was
one of the leading figures of the 1857 War of Independence and led the army
of Bundelkhand. Brought up in the household of the peshwa (ruler) Baji Rao
II, Lakshmi Bai had an unusual upbringing for a Brahman girl. She became
proficient in horse riding and fencing under the guidance of Nana Saheb and
Tatya Tope. In the year 1842, Manu got married to the King of Jhansi,
Gangadhar Rao.when the Maharaja of Jhansi died, the East India Company
took advantage of the situation and applied the Doctrine of Lapse to annex
Jhansi. Lakshmibai fought bravely against the British and gave a tough fight
to Sir Hugh Rose so as to save her empire from annexation. She died
fighting on the battlefield on June 17, 1858.
9. Write a short note on Queen of Ramgarh.
● Rani Avanti Bai: She was the Queen of Ramgarh state in central India.
Avantibai is an icon of rebellion, sacrifice and martyrdom in a long, brutal
history of fighting colonial rule. Avanti Bai was married to King
Vikramaditya Lodhi of Ramgarh (today in Mandla district of Madhya
Pradesh) at an early age. Fiercely independent as a young girl, she was well-
trained in sword fighting, archery, cavalry, military strategy, diplomacy and
all other subjects of state craft. After the King’s death in 1951, the British
did not accept her sons as heirs to the throne as they were minors and
declared the princely state as ‘Court of Wards’ appointing their own
administrator there. Avantibai vowed to fight the British to regain her land
and her throne. The queen threw the administrator out and declared war
against British. Facing an imminent defeat, the valiant queen decided to
sacrifice her life rather than going through the humiliation of surrender.
10. Throw light on the characteristics of Malwa painting.
(MPPSC 2017)
The major characteristics of Malwa painting are :
● These are decorative aesthetic folk painting and are mainly made by women
on floors, walls, etc.
● These paintings are created based on rituals or festivals eg, on the occasion of
Diwali, this painting is made on the walls.
● The paintings made by Chitere tribe are called Chitravans and are famous
for door decoration, mythological characters, and religious figurines.
● The natural material are used for these paintings, such as chalk powder,
colored chalk powder, chalk paste, turmeric and saffron paste.
● These paintings are done using bright colors like red, blue, green and yellow
etc.
● The most appealing features of Malwa painting are a primitive charm and a
simple childlike vision.
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11. Describe various forms of the folk painting of Bundelkhand.

The various forms of Bundelkhand paintings are:
● Suraiti:- It is the traditional mural of Bundelkhand are drawn at the time of
Diwali by women using ocher (geru). The images of Vishnu and Lakshmi is
made.
● Naurata:- In Navratri, these painitings are drawn by unmarried girls from
mud ocher to turmeric, etc.
● Morte:- These paintings are drawn at the time of marriage on both sides of a
door.
● Godan-Govardhan:- The Govardhan is drawn with cow dung and
worshipped at the time of Diwali.
● Morela:- It denotes images of peacocks. They are painted on walls. The
peacocks are painted in different colours.
12. Give a brief description of the following famous forts in Madhya
Pradesh:
(a) Asirgarh fort
(b) Bandhavgarh fort
● Asirgarh fort: The Fort is also known with the name “the key of Deccan”, as
this fort was considered very important in order to regulate southern part of
India. It is said to have been built by a king named Asa Ahir in the early 15th
century. It is situated in the satpura range, 20 km north of Burhanpur in
Madhya Pradesh. There is a mosque, lord Shiva temple and one palace inside
this fort to see. It is actually developed in 3 parts and each part have its own
name. First part is called “Asirgarh”, second part is “Kamargarh” and thrid
part is called “Malaygarh”.
● Bandhavgarh fort: This fort dates to more than 2000 years back. It is
situated in Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh. This fort also holds stories of
earlier dynasties of India, the Maghas, the Vakatakas, the Sengars and many
more. It is believed that Gond kings of the Pandro caste are the original
builders of this fort. Royal Pond and Vishnu temple are present in the fort.
13. Describe in brief the history of Gwalior Fort.
● The Gwalior Fort Known for its great architecture and rich past, The Fort is
also considered to be one of the most invincible fortresses of North India. A
local legend tells us that it was built in 3 CE by a local King called Suraj
Sen. After being attacked and ruled by a couple of Muslim dynasties for
three centuries, the Tomars captured the fort in 1398.
● Maan Singh was the last and the most distinguished Tomar ruler, and he
constructed several monuments inside the fort complex. When
Ibrahim Lodi attacked the fort in 1516, he defeated Maan Singh, who died,
and the Tomars lost the fort.
● The Gwalior Fort then witnessed a brief period of rule by the Mughals, until
the Marathas captured it and soon lost it to the East India Company. After
this, there were many recurrent shifts between the rule of the Marathas and
the Britishers. Finally, in 1844, the Maratha Scindia family of Gwalior, as
the British government’s protectorate, occupied the fort. During the
rebellion of 1857, the fort saw great warfare – Rani Lakshmi bai came
fighting from Jhansi to Gwalior and sought shelter inside the fort.
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14. Mention the main monuments inside the Gwalior Fort complex.
● The Gwalior Fort complex includes several temples, palaces and water
tanks. The important monuments here include the Man Mandir Palace,
the Gujari Mahal, the Jahangir Mahal, Assi Khamba Ki Baoli, Suraj
Kund, the Shah Jahan Mahal and the Karan Mahal.
● The Fort has two entrance gates: the main entrance being the Elephant
Gate (Hathi Pul) on the north-east side with a long ramp and the other
called the Badalgarh Gate on the south-west side.
● Jain temples form unique monuments inside the fort, with the
Siddhachal Caves and Gopachal rock-cut Jain monuments being the two
areas, complete with thousands of Jain Tirthankar idols defaced during
the Mughal invasion.
● Teli Ka Mandir and Sahastrabahu (Sas-Bahu) Ka Mandir are the two
architecturally rich Hindu temples here.
● Gurudwara Data Bandi Chhor is another holy place built inside the fort’s
complex, and it was where Sikh Guru Hargobind Sahib was kept as a
captive by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
15. Give a brief description of Indra Gandhi Rashtriya Manav
Sangrahalya Bhopal. (MPPSC 2016)
● The Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) is one of the
largest and leading anthropological museums in India, Covering an area of
about 200 acres of undulating terrain in the Shyamla Hills, Bhopal. The
museum lies in a prehistoric landscape with evidence of prehistoric human
settlement in its premises at Bhopal. The museum presents the integrated
story of the culture and evolution of mankind.
● IGRMS has a few permanent exhibitions, broadly categorized as a) Open-
exhibitions, b) Indoor galleries. It has 8 open-air exhibitions and 12
indoor galleries. It's the only one to have painted rock shelters with its
post-colonial repertoire of tribal folk, art and culture. The reference library
of IGRMS has a rich collection of documents on anthropology,
archaeology, museology, tribal study, pre-history, art, architecture, etc.
16. Make a brief description of the temple of Khajuraho.
(MPPSC 2015)
● Khajuraho is an ancient city known for its magnificent temples and
intricate sculptures located in the Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
Built in the medieval century by the Chandela Dynasty. The UNESCO site
of 'Khajuraho Group of Monuments' is famous for its Nagara-Style
architecture and graceful sculptures of nayikas and deities. The Khajuraho
Group of Monuments is a group of Hindu temples and Jain temples.
● Built between 950-1050 AD by the Chandela Dynasty, these temples
represent various forms like meditation, spiritual teachings, relationship,
through stimulating art. The temples are famous for its craftsmanship that
consist of splendid demonstrations of fine sculptures and exceptional
architectural skill, making them one of the most stunning UNESCO World
Heritage Sites in India. These temples are divided into three groups:
Eastern, Western and Southern.
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17. Discuss in brief about the Jhalkari Bai.

● Jhalkari Bai: Jhalkari Bai was a legendary Dalit woman warrior who
played a crucial role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 during the battle of
Jhansi in the women army of Queen Laxmibai of Jhansi. The legend of
Jhalkari Bai remains fundamental in the popular memory of Bundelkhand
over many decades. She was married to a young man named Purankoli,
who was a brave soldier in the army of Jhansi. She showed great
understanding, devotion and nationalism. She used to fight in the guise of
a queen to deceive the enemy. She was a brave and courageous woman.
18. Madhya Pradesh has been an adobe for deity for centuries.
Mention some of the famous temples in khajuraho that are known
for their distinct art and designs.
● Adinath Temple, Khajuraho: Adinath temple is located on the east side
of Khajuraho and is dedicated to the first Jain Tirthankar, Adinath, who is
also the founder of Jainism.
● Matangeshwar Temple, Khajuraho: This is the only temple which
exists of Chandela reign and known as one of the magnificent temples in
the Western group of Khajuraho temples. The main deity of this temple is
Lord Shiva and boasts one of the largest lingams in North India.
● Javari Temple, Khajuraho: Javari temple is known for its immense
beauty. It was constructed in the late 10th century is located on the eastern
side of the Khajuraho temple complex.
● Kandariya Mahadeo Temple, Khajuraho: This temple was built around
the year 1050 BC. Decorated with ornate carvings and the 900 sandstone
sculptures, the main deity of this temple is Lord Shiva.
● Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho: This temple is dedicated to Lord
Vishnu. This was built by the Chandela kings and this temple is
considered to be one of the largest among the western wing of Khajuraho
complex.
19. Sketch the characteristics of Buddhist sites of Madhya Pradesh.
(MPPSC 2017)
● The Buddhist community in Madhya Pradesh, although a silent one has a
strong history. The important Buddhist sites in Madhya Pradesh and their
characteristics are:
1. The Sanchi Stupa:
● Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the
relics of the Buddha.
● It was crowned by the 'chhatra', a parasol-like structure symbolising high
rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics.
● Sanchi Stupa is depicted on the reverse side of the Indian currency note of
Rs 200 to signify its importance to Indian cultural heritage.
2. Bharhut:
● The railings of the stupa is the earliest stupa railing to have survived.
● The railings contain numerous birth stories of the Buddha’s previous lives,
or Jataka tales.
● The carvings of Bharhut also throw light on the life and times of the
people of the second century and provide a vital link between the then
existing folk religion and the newly established Buddhism.
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3. Deorkothar (DeurKothar):
● The six line Brahmi inscriptionon the Deorkothar pillar is considered to
be the earliest evidence of the historic Buddha.
4. The Stupa No. 2:
● It is one of the oldest existing Buddhist stupas in India .Stupa II at
Sanchi is considered as the birthplace of Jataka illustrations.
5. Sonari stupas:
● Sonari is an archaeological site of an ancient monastic complex of
Buddhist stupas in Madhya Pradesh; comprising two large and five
smaller stupas. Alexander Cunningham, who discovered two boxes
containing relics.
20. Write a short essay on the development of tourism in Madhya
Pradesh. (MPPSC 2017)
● Madhya Pradesh is called the heart of India and has immense possibilities
for tourism.
● Madhya Pradesh tourism development corporation was constituted in 1978
to develop and promote tourism in the state. It also facilitates the new and
flexible tour packages, attractive offers, advertisement of the tourist
destinations on an all India level, to organise traditional and cultural fairs,
etc. Hospitality, the foundation on which the edifice of Madhya Pradesh
tourism built, is indigenous to Madhya Pradesh.
● State offers all important pillars of Indian tourism like pilgrim tourism,
wildlife tourism, heritage tourism, buddhism, adventure sports, etc. Three
sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared world heritage sites by
UNESCO. Madhya Pradesh has won Best Tourism State National award
for 3 consecutive years i.e. 2017, 2016 and 2015.
21. Describe the world heritage sites of Madhya Pradesh in brief.
(MPPSC 2018)
Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage
Sites by UNESCO:
1. Khajuraho Group Of Monuments (1986)- The UNESCO site of
'Khajuraho Group of Monuments' is famous for its Nagara-Style
architecture and graceful sculptures of nayikas and deities. Built between
950-1050 AD by the Chandela Dynasty, these temples represent various
forms like meditation, spiritual teachings, relationship, through stimulating
art.
2. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)- There are many small stupas
here with three mains ones – stupa 1, stupa 2 and stupa 3. Stupa 1 is also
called the Great Stupa at Sanchi. It is the most prominent and the oldest
and is believed to have the Buddhas relics. It was built by Ashoka in the
3rd century BCE. Originally, it was smaller than its present dimensions.
It was expanded in later periods. The original brick dome was expanded
into double its size during the reign of the Shunga dynasty with stone
slabs covering the original dome.
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3. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetika (2003)- Cave paintings dating back to

approximately 30,000 years. And a rich flora and fauna surrounding these,
indeed, make Bhimbetka a gift to us from our earliest ancestors. The
Bhimbetka Rock Shelter has the oldest-known rock art in India, as well as
is one of the largest prehistoric complexes to be seen.
22. Write a short note on Seoni Satyagraha.
(MPPSC 2019)
● Seoni Satyagraha was a jungle Satyagraha of tribal people of Seoni. It
was a reaction against new forest policies of Colonial Government in
1930;
▪ It was led under Durga Shankar Mehta.
▪ The movement to cut grasses from the government Sandal wood Gardens,
was started.
▪ Another movement to cut grass in the jungles of Turia 28 k.m. from Seoni
took place. It was planned to enter Turiya jungle on 9th October 1930.
The police and range officers insulted the freedom fighters and the public
who had assembled there in support of the freedom fighters.
▪ The Deputy commissioner, Seoni ordered police to open fire on them to
'teach a lesson'.On the spot four tribals died. This incidence is a proof of
the fact that the freedom movement spread even among the tribals. The
bodies of these martyrs were not handed over to their family.
▪ The movement was important as it marked the significant resistance
against the British rule.
23. Describe the salient features of Udaygiri Caves located in Madhya
● Udaygiri caves, are a group of 20 Gupta era temples and monasteries
carved out of a rocky hill, out of which one is dedicated to Jainism and
rest to Hinduism.
● A Brahmi inscription in one of these states that it was produced during the
reign of Chandragupta II (382-402 AD). They have been numbered
probably according to the sequence in which they were excavated.
● Cave no. 5 depicts the third incarnation of Lord Vishnu in the form of a
boar. The rishis in Varaha cave wearing barks of trees and carrying water
pot.
● Cave no. 6 shows Durga slaying Mhishasura (Buffalo demon). This is one
of the earliest representations of Durg in a cave temple.
● Cave no.9-11 is a group of three small caves and has damaged Vishnu
carvings on the front panel.
● Cave no 12. Shows Lord Vishnu in his earliest form, Narasimha avatar,
with one Dwarapala ( sentry) on each side.
● Cave no 13 has a Anantasayana panel featuring a 12-ft long, remarkable
rock-cut sculpture of a reclining Vishnu.
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24. Discuss the religious and cultural significance of Amarkantak.

(MPPSC 2019)
The religious and cultural significance of Amarkantak:
● Amarkantak is a well frequented Hindu pilgrimage center which is
popularly known as “teerthraj” or “the king of pilgrimages”.
● Amarkantak is known primarily as a religious place. Many mythological
stories relating to Lord Shiva and his daughter Narmada have been woven
around this mystical town of Amarkantak.
● Amarkantak’s virtue and the holy land are also the sources of holy rivers
like Son, Narmada, and Johila. Narmdeshwar temple which has a holy
kund made at the source of river Narmada is the most important temple at
Amarkantak.
● There is the Sati temple, which is, devoted to Parvati.
● The Adi-Khanda of Padma Purana mentions that one who goes to
Amarkantak mountain will enjoy the fourteen worlds of thirty-seven
thousand crores of years. Afterwards he will be born on earth as a king
and reign as supreme emperor. A visit to Amarkantak has ten times the
values of an Ashvamedha. If one has Shivas darshan there, one will attain
the heaven.
● Narmada Udgam Temple in Amarkantak, houses the tank which is said to
be the origin of the Narmada river.
● Saint Kabir spent time in meditation in Kabir Chabutra in Amarkantak.
25. Write a short note on Malwa Utsav.
(MPPSC 2019)
● Malwa Utsav is one of the biggest events of Madhya Pradesh which is
known to restore the age old culture and tradition of India. The festival
includes various dance performances and traditional music. The Malwa
Utsav is held for 5 days which displays various art, music, dance, drama
and culture. It is held in Mandu, Indore and Ujjain districts. The special
attraction of Malwa utsav are dance puppet show and music performances.
It also brings craftsmanship of highly skilled artisans who sets up stalls
where they display a number of handicraft items.
● Every year there are different themes that are planned for this festival and
the events and performances are prepared on the basis of the themes. The
various events are beautifully decorated that is admired by the tourists
from all over the world
26. Throw light on the literary contributions of Jagnik.
(MPPSC 2018)
● Jagnik Bhatta is one of the most significant literary figures in the Gwalior
city of the state of Madhya Pradesh and has an important place in the poets
of the Veeragatha period of folk literature. This poet belonged to the
period of the 11th and the 12th centuries. Jagnik was a court poet of King
Parmar Chandel of Kalinjar and was a contemporary of Adi poet
Chandbardayi of Hindi.
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● His major work include Alhakhand and Parmal Raso. This poem contains
the details of as many as 52 different wars fought by Udal and Alha (the
two prominent Bundeli warriors), described in the Ojami style. From this
point of view, it is the longest folk tale in the world full of gallantry and
makeup.
27. Give a brief account of Bhumara temple.
(MPPSC 2019)
● Bhumara temple is also called Bhubhara or Bharkuleswar. It is built in
Gupta dynasty during 5th or 6th century. The Bhumara temple is made of
red stone found in kaimor hills. It seems the temple has a square plan with
sanctum and Mandapa. Both sides of it two smaller shrines on the flanks
on the enterance steps. It includes a decorated enterance the sanctum
Flanked by Ganga and Yamuna Goddesses and intiricately carved
Sculptures. This temple is called Ekmukha Linga.
● The Shiva temple at Bhumara has also yielded some sculpture of fine
quality. The stone is carved with great precision and skill, nowhere more
evident than in the handling of excuberant floral ornament. Little in Indian
decorative sculpture can match the brilliance of the large panels filled with
lotus stems and floriated scrolls discovered at this site and at Nachna
Kuthara.
28. Highlight some popular cultural festivals of Madhya Pradesh.
Festival / Event in Madhya Location / Place Details
Pradesh
Festival of Dances Khajuraho Indian Classical Dance

Performance
Akhil Bharatiya Kalidas Samaroh Ujjain Literary Presentations

along with dramas and
Indian Classical Dance
programmes.
Dhrupad Samaroh Bhopal Vocal performances of

Dhrupad style of
Indian Classical Music.
Allauddin Khan Sangeet Samaroh Maihar, Satna Indian Classical Music.
Ameer Khan Festival Indore Indian Classical

performances.
Rashtriya Hindi NatyaSamaroh Bhopal Hind's Best Drama's

performances.
Pachmarhi Utsav Pachmarhi Indian Folk Art's

performances.
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Mandu Utsav Mandu
Orchha Utsav Orchha
LokrangSamaroh Bhopal Indian Folk Art's

Presentation and
performance.
Pt. Kumar GandharvaSamaroh Dhar Sanskrit Literary

Programmes.
BhojSamaroh Dhar Sanskrit Literary

Programmes.
ShankariSamaroh Throughout Sanskrit Literary

Madhya Pradesh Programs
Kabir Samaroh All over Madhya Folk Arts, Music,

Pradesh Dances and Literary
Programmes.
29. Give a brief account of the following cultural festivals of Madhya
Pradesh:
(a) Simhastha
(b) Khajuraho festival
● Simhastha:Simhastha is a Hindu religious mela held every 12 years in the
Ujjain city of Madhya Pradesh. The Ujjain Kumbh is celebrated when Jupiter
ascends into sun sign Leo's quarter or the Simha constellation of zodiac,
which is why it is called 'Simhastha'. The Simhastha is special in Ujjain as it
is the seat of divine Mahakal - the Lord of all times. The main snana (bathing
ritual) happens on the full moon day in Vaisakha month of the Hindu
calendar (April–May).
● Khajuraho festival: The Khajuraho Dance Festival is the celebration of the
traditional dance forms against the backdrop of the UNESCO World Heritage
Sites. The festival is held to showcase the beauty of human emotions with
dance. The event is held at open air auditoriums in two of the most popular
temples of Khajuraho, the Chitragupta &Vishwanatha Temple. In Khajuraho
festivals there are magnificent display of many art forms like kathak,
Bharatnatyam, odissi, kuchipudi, Manipuri and Kathakali.
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30. Mention some important fairs of Madhya Pradesh.

Fairs Place Detail
1. Barman's Fair Narsimhapur district During Makar
Sankranti in city of
Barman on the banks
of Narmada River.
2. Pir Budhan Fair Shivpuri Near the Tomb of
Muslim Saint Pir
Budhan during
August-September.
3. Fair of Hira Bhumia Gwalior, Guna and It is believed that by
nearby areas the blessings of
Hiraman Baba
infertility of woman
goes away. It is held
during August-
September.
4. Fair of Nagaji Morena District It is organised in the
memory of Nagaji
Saint. who lived
during the period of
Akbar. It is held
during Nov-Dec.
5. Fair of Tejaji Guna District Also known as Tejaji
Jayanti on the birth
anniversary of him.
6.Fair of Jageshwari Devi In Chanderi of Guna As the ruler of
district chanderi who had
leprosy was cured by
Jageshwari Devi
7.Fair of Amarkantak In Anuppur District On the Day of
Shivratri. Shivratri. At the
origin of River
Narmada in
Amarkantak.
8. Fair of Mahamrityunjay In Rewa District Held every year on
Basant Panchami &
Shiratri.
9. Fair of Kaluji Maharaj In West Nimar It is believed that
(Khargone) Kaluji Maharaj used
to cure the diseases of
human beings and
animals by his super
natural power.
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10. Fair of Kanha Baba In the Sodalpur It is organised since

Village of the death of Kanha
Hoshangabad District Baba in 1714.
11. Fair of Ramlila In Datia District The Ramlila
festivities were
declared by
UNESCO as one of
the ‘Intangible
Cultural Heritage of
Humanity’ in 2008.
12. AalamiTableegiIjtima Bhopal Holi Fair of Muslim a
gust of spirituality
prevails over the city
and Muslims from all
over the globe in
‘Jamaats’ (group of
Devotees) descend
here.
31. Describe the features of Nimar folk painting.
● These paintings are the essence of ethnic memory, culture and experiences of
the region.
● These paintings closely resembles the cave paintings of the pre-historic
period.
● These paintings are of various designs like Nag images during Nag
Panchami, image of family Goddess during marriages, etc.
● These paintings are world famous for their exceptional choice of colours and
themes.
● These paintings are exported all across the world and are frequently exhibited
in Japan, France, Australia, USA and other countries. Associated paintings
with Nimar art are Jiroti, Nag Chitra, Sanjafulli, Navrat, Mordran and
Dussehra Thapa.
32. Give a brief account of poets of Madhya Pradesh in ancient time.
The Prominent Writers of Ancient Period in Madhya Pradesh were:
● Kalidasa:
▪ Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer, greatest poet and dramatist in
Sanskrit language known as Indian Shakespeare for his literary work. He
was one of the nine gems (Navratna) in the court of Chandragupt
Vikramaditya.
▪ He wrote two epics, Raghuvansham and Kumar Sambhav, three plays,
Malavikagnimitram, Abhigyan Shakuntalam and Vikramovarshiya and
two past epic, Ritusamhara and Meghdoot.
● Bhavbhuti:
▪ Bhavbhuti was an 8th century Sanskrit poet and playwriter, was born in
Padmapura, Vidarbha in Gondia district, on Maharashtra and Madhya
Pradesh border. He was a court poet of Kannauj Ruler Yashovarman.
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▪ Bhavabhuti was well-known with his middle name Ambek in Padmapur.

▪ He wrote Malatimadhava, Mahavira Charita (First Sanskrit play having
sad ending) and Uttararamacharita.
● Banbhatta:
▪ Banbhatta was a 7th century Sanskrit prose writer and poet. Banbhatta
born probably in Pritikoot, a village of Western Bihar.
▪ He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of king Harshavardhan.
▪ The famous books written by Banabhatta are Harshacharita Kadambri,
Chandika Shatak and Mukut Tandit.
33. Throw light on the biography of Makhanlal Chaturvedi.
● Pandit Makhanlal Chaturvedi (4 April 1889 – 30 January 1968), also
called Pandit ji, who was a prominent freedom fighter, an acclaimed poet
and such a meticulous journalist that Asia's first University of its kind
dedicated to journalism and communication is named after him. It is called
the Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University of Journalism and
Communication and is situated in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
● He is particularly remembered for his participation in India's national
struggle for independence and his contribution to Chhayavaad, the Neo-
romanticism movement of Hindi literature.
● He was awarded the first Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi for his work
Him Taringini in 1955. The Government of India awarded him the civilian
honour of the Padma Bhushan in 1963.
● Makhanlal Gandhi ji's operation actively participated in the movement and
went to jail. His leading magazines are Prabha, Karmaveer, Pratap.
● The collection of his poems include, 'Him Tarangini', 'Samarpan', 'Him
Kirtini', 'Yug Charan', 'Sahitya Devta', 'Dip Se Dip Jale', 'Kaisa Chhand
Banaa Detihei' and 'Pushp ki Abhilaasa'.
34. What are the major dialects spoken in Madhya Pradesh?
The major dialects spoken in Madhya Pradesh are as follows:
● Malvi spoken in Malwa: This dialect has influence of Shauraseni of
Maharashtra and Hadoti of Rajasthan. Malwi is spoken in Indore, Dewas,
Ujjain, Dhar and Ratlam district in its purest.
● Nimadi spoken in Nimar: Nimadi is the Western Indo-Aryan language
spoken in Barwani, Khandwa, Barwaha, Khargone, Burhanpur, Bedia,
Sanawad and parts of Dhar, Harda, and South Dewas Districts.
● Bundeli in Bundelkhand: Bundeli in a Indo-Aryan language. The dialect
is closely related to Braj Bhasha. It is narrated form of Shauraseni and
been spoken in Southern region of Madhya Pradesh.
● Bagheli along with Avadhi that is predominant in Bagelkhand:
Bagheli dialect is spoken in North- Eastern region of the state. It is the
modified version of Ardh Magadhi. Bagheli is spoken in Satna, Rewa &
Singrauli.
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35. Who were the prominent writers of the Medieval period in Madhya
Pradesh?
The Prominent Writers of Medieval Period are:
● Acharya Keshavdas
▪ He was born in 1555 AD Orchha. He was an acharya and poet of Hindi,
who also wrote the Sanskrit poetry are -Rasikapriya, Kavipriya,
Chandamala, Ramachandrika, Veersinghadev, Charit, Sansagita and
Jahangir Jaschandrika.
● Kavi Bhushan
▪ He was an Indian Poet in the court of the Bundeli king, Chhatrasal and
the Maratha king, Shivaji.
▪ He was a great poet of Anupras and ShleshAlankar. King Rudra of
Solanki in Chitrakoot gave the title Bhushan to Kavi Bhushan.
▪ His famous works included Bhushan Ullas, Shivabavani, Chhatrasal
Dashak, Bhushan Hazara and Saaransh Ki Kahani.
● Padmakar
▪ He was born in 1753 in Sagar district. He was a well-known and
respected poet of Hindi literature, blessed with Ashu-Kavitta Shakti,
and was honoured by many kings.
▪ He wrote Pratap Virudawali, Padmacharan, Sugeet Vinod, Bhasha
Hitopadesh, Ganga Laheri, Ishwar Pachisi, etc.
36. The Pench forest reserve, is one of the tourist places that may have
inspired Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book. Discuss its
features.
● Pench National Park is located in the heart of India- Madhya Pradesh
in southern reaches of satpura hills and covers a total area of 758 sq.km.
It is located in the districts of Seoni and Chhindwara, which also shares
a boundary with Maharashtra.
● The forest areas of the Pench Tiger Reserve have a glorious history. Its
natural beauty and richness is described in the Ain-i-Akbari and many
other natural history books such as R.A. Strenthal's "Sivni, Camp life in
the Satpura", James Forsyth "High Lands of Central India" and A.
A Dunbar Brander "Wild Animals of Central India" etc.
● Pench Tiger Reserve was awarded to "Best Maintain Tourist Friendly
National Park" Award under the National Tourism Prize 2006-07. The
national park is named after the river- Pench, which while flowing from
north to south, divides the national park in almost equal halves namely
eastern and western halves. since it is home to a huge amount of tigers,
it was established as a tiger reserve in 1992 and now is working under
Project Tiger.
37. Describe the course of Individual Satyagraha in Madhya Pradesh.
● The last phase of freedom struggle began with the outbreak of Second
World war. Due to forced circumstances congress launched individual
Satyagrah. Vinobha bhave became 1st satyagrahi to initiate this
satyagarh.
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● In Madhya Pradesh Seth Govind Das was the first satyagrahi. Ravi
Shankar Shukla. DP mishra, Poonam Chand Ranka were other
prominent leaders of Madhya Pradesh who joined in.
● Pramila Bai was the 1st women satyagrahi of Central Province and
Berar.
● In order to train individual for Satyagraha training camps were
instituted at various towns in Madhya Pradesh.
38. What was Bhopal Praja Mandal?
● Those who wanted to end the kingship and were in favour of
democratic government organized themselves into Praja Mandals or
Lok Parishad.
● Praja Mandals were political organizations, systematically organised
in various princely states, to established a responsible government in
the princely state to opposed atrocities and exploitation by the feudal,
to induct political awareness in the princely states and to provide fuel
to the nationalistic movements being conducted in the country.
● Baroda, Kathiawar, Hyderabad, Mysore were among the earliest Praja
mandals.
39. Describe the Governance system of Madhya Pradesh at the time of
national movement.
● During the Independence movement, Madhya Pradesh was governed
by two types of government systems. Jabalpur, Mandla, Sagar,
Chhindwara, Betul, Hoshangabad, Khandwa and their adjoining areas
were directly under British rule. These regions were part of Madhya
Pradesh. The people in these areas were in great distress under the British
rule and after the establishment of the National Congress, its branches
were established at these places. Therefore, in the national movement,
more activity was shown at these places.
● The rest of the present Madhya Pradesh was ruled by the princely states.
Indigenous princely states of many places like Indore, Goa, Rewa, Dewas,
Bhopal etc. were under the protection of the British. After the revolt of
1857, the British adopted a policy of goodwill towards the rulers of
the princely states.
● Apart from this, the people of the princely states were relatively
satisfied with the princely governance system. Therefore, to
participate in the national movements in the princely states, they used
to go to the neighboring provinces and participate in the movements.
40. Write a short note on Holkar state.
● The Holkars take their family name from the village Hal or Hol on the
Nira river, 40 kms from Poona. Malhar Rao Holkar (1728-66) was the
founder of the Holkar dynasty of Indore. A soldier of high caliber and
a trusted officer of Peshwa Baji Rao, he was posted in Malwa to realise
'Chouth' and 'Sardeshmukhi'. He became the ruler of Indore by 1739. His
daughter-in-law Ahilya Bai (1767-95) a women of profound wisdom and
extreme piety, possessed great administrative ability. Her administration is
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considered as that of a Model ruler. She was ably assisted by Tukoji Rao
Holkar I (1795-97) the commander of her army.
● Tukojirao Holkar I son Shivaji Rao Holkar, (1886-1903) was a great
builder. The British were not satisfied with his administration. He
abdicated in 1903 in favour of his son, Tukoji Rao III (1903-1926) who
was invested with full administrative powers in 1911. He continued to rule
till the transfer of power, when the State of Indore was merged into the
erstwhile State of Madhya Bharat on May, 28, 1948.
41. Give a brief description of Bandhavgarh (umaria) which is often
known as motherland of white tigers.
● The name Bandhavgarh given to the reserve is due to the presence of
an ancient fort in the hillock of the Vindhya ranges of Umaria.
▪ Bandhavgarh National Park resides on the extreme north eastern border of
Madhya Pradesh and the northern edges of the Satpura mountain ranges.
▪ There are around 39 caves in Bandhavgarh and only ‘Badi Gufa’ is
accessible for the tourists to glimpse.
▪ The famed mystic poet, Saint Kabir Das resided on the hills of
Bandhavgarh during 14th century.
▪ The mountains of Bandhavgarh Tala range are being composed of
sandstone. The whole park is filled with more than 20 luminous streams.
▪ The three main zones of the national park are Tala, Magdhi and Khitauli.
Tala is the richest zone in terms of biodiversity, mainly tigers. Altogether,
these three ranges comprise the 'Core' of the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve
constituting a total area of 716 km2.
● There are more than 22 species of mammals and 250 species of birds.
The park is known for its prodigious tiger populations (the highest in any
Park in India) and also has a large breeding population of leopards, and
various species of deer.
42. Sketch the characteristics of Mandu, the largest fortified city of
Medieval India.
● Mandu city is located in the Malwa region. Perched along the
Vindhyan ranges at an altitude of 2,000 feet, Mandu, with its natural
defences, was originally the fort-capital of the Parmar rulers of
Malwa.
The characteristics of Mandu are:
● This city is full of heritage sites like Rani Roopmati Pavilion,
Hoshang Shah's tomb, Baz Bahadur Palace that makes it one of the
popular tourist attractions in Madhya Pradesh.
● Each of Mandu’s structures is an architectural gem; some are
outstanding like the massive Jami Masjid and Hoshang Shah’s Tomb,
which provided inspiration for the master builders of the Taj Mahal
centuries later.
● Mandavgarh or Mandav or Mandu is famous for its amazing Fort. The
fort is 82 km in perimeter and is considered to be the biggest in India.
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● The town has seen the rule of several leaders, including Hindus,
Mughals and Afghans, which gave this ancient town a distinctive
architectural character
43. Despite being the capital of the Bundela Rajput kings, Orchha seldom
witnessed ferocious battles, leading to unscratched monuments.
Discuss the features of Orchha city.
● The historic town of Orchha, nestled on the banks of river Betwa, was
founded in the 16th century by the Bundela Rajput Chief, Rudra Pratap.
Here, the river Betwa splits into seven channels, also called the
Satdhara. Legend goes that this is in honour of the seven erstwhile Chiefs
of Orchha.
Orchha Architecture
● The word Orchha or Urchha means hidden. The reason for this naming
is because the Bundelkhand Kings wanted to retreat from the Tughlaqs
who rose to power in 15th century. Established in 1501 by Maharaja
Rudra Pratap Singh, Orchha has witnessed tough times as well as
friendly relations with the Mughal Dynasty.
● Orchha architecture has a blend of Bundelkhandi and Mughal
influences. The structures are not only appreciated for their mesmerizing
beauty but also for their intelligent engineering. The most fascinating of
all the magnificent surroundings is the Orchhas Fort complex. It is known
for its chaturbhuj temple.
● The grand Orchha Complex is divided into three mesmeric sections;
Jahangir Mahal, Raj Mahal and Sheesh Mahal.
44. Give a brief description of Jai Vilas palace.
● Jai Vilas is an Italianate structure which combines the Tuscan and
Corinthian architectural modes. The imposing Darbar Hall has two central
chandeliers weighing a couple of tonnes, and hung only after ten
elephants had tested the strength of the roof. Ceilings picked out in gilt,
heavy draperies and tapestries, fine Persian carpets and antique furniture
from France and Italy are the features of these spacious rooms. Eye
catching treasures include: a silver train with cut-glass wagons which
served guests as it chugged around the table on miniature rails; a glass
cradle from Italy used for the baby Krishna each Janmashtami, silver
dinner services and swords that were once worn by Aurangzeb and Shah
Jahan. These are ,besides, personal mementos of past members of the
Scindia family : the jeweled slippers that belonged to Chinkoo Rani ,
four-poster beds, gifts from practically every country in the world,
hunting trophies and portraits. The Scindia Museum offers an
unparalleled glimpse into the rich culture and lifestyle of princely India.
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45. Write a short note on Bhimbetka Caves.

● The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are in the foothills of the Vindhyan
Mountains on the southern edge of the central Indian plateau. Within
massive sandstone outcrops, above comparatively dense forest, are five
clusters of natural rock shelters, displaying paintings that appear to date
from the Mesolithic Period right through to the historical period.
● The entire region comprises more than 600 caves. These paintings
demonstrate the lifestyle and everyday activities of our ancestors. Various
community activities, like birth, burial, dancing, religious rites, hunting
scenes, animal fighting and merrymaking, also pictured in these paintings.
Pictures of animals like rhinoceros, tigers, wild buffalo, bears, antelopes,
boars, lions, elephants, lizards etc. also descripted.
● Natural red and white pigments are common colors used in these
paintings. Green and yellow colours are also used. The colors are a
combination of manganese, hematite, wooden coal, soft red stone, plant
leaves and animal fats. Huge linear figures of animals are the
trademark of Paleolithic paintings. With the passage of time, paintings
became smaller, precise and more delicate.
46. Write a short note on Baiju Bawra.
● Baiju Bawra born as Baijnath Mishra was a dhrupad musician from
medieval India. According to the most popular legends, he lived in the
Mughal period during the 16th and 17th centuries.. He got the name
"Bawra" (crazy) because he was crazily in love with a dancer in Chanderi.
Baiju was a musician at the court of the Raja of Chanderi (now in Guna
District of Madhya Pradesh). Later, he became a musician at the court of
Raja Mansingh of Gwalher (modern Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh). Baiju
was a disciple of Swami Haridas (1512-1607). Sultan Bahadur Shah of
Gujarat had also patronized Baiju. It is believed that Baiju once challenged
Tansen in a musical face-off and defeated him. It is believed that the
power of his music was such that he could light lamps, bring on rain, and
even melt marble.
47. Write a short note on Tansen.
● Tansen (c. 1500 – 26 April 1586), or Ramtanu, a Indian musician and poet
who was an important figure in the North Indian tradition of Hindustani
classical music. Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit of
Gwalior. Tansen became one of the navratnas (“nine gems”), a collection
of the most talented intellectuals and artists in the court of Emperor Akbar.
His skill was honoured with the title Mian (“Master”).
● The life of Tansen is associated with many legends. Some of the most
common ones are his ability to create rain and fire by just using his
musical skills. Tansen’s compositions were largely based on Hindu
puranas (mythological stories). Tansen composed several ragas including
Bhairav, Darbari Todi, Darbari Kanada, Malhar, Sarang and Rageshwari.
These are all considered as the foundation of classical music. Tansen is
considered the founder of Hindustani classical music.
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48. Discuss the religious and cultural significance of Ujjain.

● Ujjain is ancient and historical city that is 5000 years old. It is described as
the best city in Adi Brahma Puran and it is called mokshda and bhukti-
mukti in Agni Puran and Garuda Puran. There was a time when this city
had been a capital of a big empire. For centuries, Ujjain has been a center
of religion for Hindu, Jain and Buddha religion.
● This city has a Jyotirling out of 12 Jyotirlings, one city out of seven
salvation providing cities, Gadhkalika and Harsiddhi, the two Shakti
Peeths, and sacred Kumbh that takes place in four cities of India. The cave
of king Bhartari is found here and it is believed that Ujjain has foot prints
of God Vishnu.
● Great Scholars of varied fields like Kaalidas, Varahmihir, Banabhatta,
Rajashekera, Pushpadanta, Shankaracharya, Vallabhacharya, Bhartahari,
Diwakar, Kattayayan and Bhas had their association with Ujjain. Mughal
emperor Akbar made this city his regional capital. Marathas ruled over
here prior to 18th century. Sindhiya Dynasty rulers worked for the
promotion of Hindu religion. Kalidasa Samaroha is being celebrated
every year at Ujjain.
● Festivals such as Shaiv Mahotsav and Shravan Sawari are being
celebrated here.
49. Write a short note on Panchmari.
● Pachmarhi, also known as Satpura ki Rani, is a hill station in the central
Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Its many waterfalls include Apsara Vihar,
with its calm pool, and soaring, single-drop Silver Fall nearby. The Bee
Fall tumbles over a jagged rock face to the northwest. Leopards and Indian
bison live in Satpura National Park. The ancient Pandav Caves are a group
of 5 dwellings cut out of sandstone on a hill.
● The 'Pandavas Caves' is a popular attraction which has a fascinating tale.
The legend has it that these caves were built by the Pandavas who lived
here along with their wife Draupadi during their exile.
● Another point of interest is the stone formed JataShankar cave that
resembles the hundred-headed divine snake Seshnag. The Satpura
mountain ranges cross India from west to east and Pachmarhi lies directly
in its centre. The highest peak is the Dhoopgarh, which reaches 1,352
metres above sea level, while the Pachmarhi hills are characterized by
steep slopes in the northern regions.
● Pachmarhi Biosphere reserve comprises three protection sites: the Bori
Sanctuary, Satpura National Park and Pachmarhi Sanctuary – otherwise
known as the Satpura Tiger Reserve. The Pachmarhi Plateau is also known
as the Queen of Satpura, because it contains valleys, marshes, streams and
waterfalls, all of which have led to the development of a unique and varied
biodiversity.
● The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is characterized by high population
growth, with Gond tribes accounting for 50% to 90% of the tribal
population.
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50. Describe the Major Mosques of Madhya Pradesh.

● Taj-ul-MasajidIt was built by Shah Jahan Begum in the year 1887. It is
the largest mosque of Madhya Pradesh and 3rd largest in the world. The
structure was planned in the midst of three water bodies, namely: Munshi
Hussain Talab; Noor Mahal Talab; and Motia Talab. The Taj-ul-Masajid
largely takes inspiration from Mughal architecture. The mosque also
features a zenana (women's gallery), rare given that prayer from home was
the norm for women at the time of the mosque's construction.
● Moti Masjid (Bhopal) It was built by Sikander Begum in 1880. The
architecture of this mosque to a great extent resembles the Jama Masjid of
Delhi. The Mosque looks marvelous with two red towers with golden
spikes at the top amidst white marvel architecture.
● Bibi-ki-masjid (Burhanpur) Bibi ki Masjid is the first Jama Masjid of
Burhanpur which was built by the Begum Ruqaiya of Emperor Adil Shah
Farooqui during the Farooqui reign. Artisans were brought from Gujarat
for the construction of this mosque. The influence of Gujarat's architecture
is clearly visible on this mosque.
● Jama Masjid (Bhopal) it was built by Qudsia Begum The magnificent
architecture of Jama Masjid boasts of classic Islamic architecture with its
beautiful shrine and two tall minarets. It is the largest mosque in the
country and is counted among the largest in the continent as well.
● Dhai-Sidhi-ki-Masjid (Bhopal), is also called the smallest mosque in
Asia. This mosque was built by Nawab Dost Mohammad Khan in 1716..
51. Throw light on the biography of Hoshang Shah of Malwa.
Hoshang Shah (1406-35):
● His father Dilawar had shifted the capital from Dhar to Mandu (Allauddin
Khilji renamed Mandav/Mandu as Shadiabad, the city of joy). He
occupied Kherla, and Gagraun. He also had his eyes over Gwalior, but
realizing the might of Mubarak Shah, he finally withdrew in 1423 after
causing some damage in the countryside.
● Hoshang Shah had entered into matrimonial alliance with the Muslim ruler
of Kalpi to use the latter as buffer between Jaunpur-Malwa and Delhi-
Malwa. He adopted a broad policy of religious toleration. Many Rajputs
were encouraged to settle in Malwa and given rich grants.
● The Hoshangabad city in Madhya Pradesh was earlier called Narmadapur
after the river Narmada, however later the name was changed to
Hoshangabad by him.
● Hushang Shah extended his patronage to the Jains who were the principal
commercial merchants and bankers of the area. Nardeva Soni, a merchant,
was the treasurer of Hushang Shah, and one of his advisers.
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52. Though Kailash satyarthi is the citizen of India, his contribution is

role model to the world. Justify this statement.
● Kailash Satyarthi was born in the Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh in
India. He was an Indian social reformer who waged a peaceful struggle
to stop children being exploited as labor instead of attending school. He
has also contributed to the development of international conventions on
the rights of children. As a grass-roots activist, Kailash and the grassroot
movement founded by him, Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save Childhood
Movement), have liberated more than 83,000 children from exploitation
and developed a successful model for their education, rehabilitation and
reintegration into the mainstream society. His efforts led to the adoption of
ILO Convention 182 on worst forms of child labour in 1999. He is also the
founding president of the Global Campaign for Education, an exemplar
civil society movement working to end the global education crisis and
Good Weave International for raising consumer awareness and positive
action in the carpet industry.
53. Write a short note on Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah.
● Raja Shankar Shah was the Gondwana ruler of Garh Mandla, born in
1783. He was the great-grandson of Nizam Shah and the only son of
Sumer Shah. His son's name was Raghunath Shah. Both had participated
in the great revolt of 1857 with great valor.Both were good poets so they
used their poetry to trigger a rebellion against the British in the state. Raja
Shankar Shah had revolted in the entire mahakaushal region of Madhya
Pradesh including Jabalpur.On September 18, 1857; the two (king and the
prince) were given capital punishment on the account of revolt against the
british in 1857. They were tied to the cannons The important fact is that
the punishment was chosen by King Shankar Shah himself. but the
fearless father-son duo recited an inspirational poem even despite seeing
their end in front of them.
54. Give an account of the following Tribal leaders of Madhya Pradesh.
(a) Pema falya
(b) Veersa Gond
Pema falya
● He was born in Chandrashekhar Azad Nagar [Alirajpur]. He was a Bheeli
tribes men and was a great painter of pithora art. Pithora art is a religious
art in which various deity are formed to worship and the Horse is in the
centre of pithora art. Madhya Pradesh government awarded Pema Shikhar
Samman in 1986.
Veersa Gond
● On August 19, 1942 he LED a movement in GhodaDongri (betul) railway
station where the tribesmen have removed railway line, set fire a wooden
depot in Ghodadongri. Jangarh Singh Shyam He was born in Patan garh
Village in Dindori district.
Contribution– He invented a tribal art named as Jungle Kalam. His
notable painting was Jung garh. In 1986 Jung garh painting was awarded
buy Shikhar Samman.
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55. Write in brief about Tantya Bhil.

● Tantya Bhil was born in village Badada in Pandhana tehsil of East Nimar
(Khandwa) of erstwhile Central Provinces which currently lies in the
Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. He was popularly known as Tantya
Mama. He is described very negatively as a criminal in period British
accounts, but is recognized by Indians as a heroic figure.
● Tantya Bhil had participated in the great revolt of 1857 at the age of 15.
He was excellent in Guerrilla war tactics thus he is known as Indian Robin
hood. He wanted to teach a lesson to the British and to realize Bhils’
dream of a socialist society. The Britishers have arrested tantya Bhil in
1888-89 and on 4th December 1889 he was hanged. JannayakTantya Bhil
state level award is given by Madhya Pradesh government to tribal youth
who performed excellent in the field of education and sport.
56. Mention some famous tribal personalities of Madhya Pradesh.
Khajya Nayak
● Khajya Nayak was born in 1830 in Sangli village of Nimar region. He
participated in the great revolt of 1857 with Bheema Nayak. He has
participated in the battle of ambapani with Bheema Nayak. Madhya
Pradesh government celebrates 11th April as Khajya Nayak day.
Dheersingh
● He was born in kachhiya tola village of Rewa district in 1820. He has
participated in the great revolt of 1857 from Rewa region. He was
influenced by the ruler of Gadha Mandla, Shankar Shah Gond. He was an
important freedom fighter of Narmada valley region and was the
revolutionarist tribal leader.
Gunjan Singh korku
● He was a freedom fighter and Gandhi’s follower. He lead Jungle
Satyagraha in 1930 in Ghoda Dongri, Betul. Koma Gond died during the
Jungle Satyagraha of 1930.
Durga Shankar Mehta
● Durga Shankar Mehta led Turiya Satyagraha in Seoni district in 1930 . It
is also known as Jungle Satyagraha. Jungle Satyagraha of Betul and Seoni
both have initiated after Mahatma Gandhi initiated Dandi March in 1930.
57. Write a short note on Harishankar Parsai.
● Harishankar Parsai was born on August 22, 1922 in Hoshangabad
district of Madhya Pradesh. Parsai was known as the country’s conscious
watchdog, chose the genre of satire in writing modern Hindi literature,
because he knew that there could be no more effective weapon than satire
for his interpretation, analysis and his condemnation and irony of
contemporary life. He wrote vyangya (satire).
● Parsai made a judicious take on the social and political failures of the time.
Most of his works are based on social politics, literature, corruption, post-
independence pretense, contradictions of today’s life, hypocrisy and
discrepancies.
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58. Write a short note on the Malwa style of Architecture.

● The Malwa style of architecture developed in Malwa region during 15th
and 16th century. Unlike other regions, the Muslim rulers of Malwa did
not inherit any strong tradition of visual art. It was only in the later period
that original elements of architecture were developed and decorative
motifs of their own were adopted in the buildings of the Malwa rulers
which gave them a distinctive appearance.
Important features:
● Based on Tughlaq style
● Battered walls
● Pointed arches with spear head fringe.
● Combination of arch with pillar, lintel and beam.
● Buildings are raised on high plinths, accessed by long and stately flight of
steps.
● Prominent use of colour in decoration.
● Use of different coloured marble, semi-precious stones and glazed tiles.
● The artisans in Malwa possessed a secret formula for creating Turquoise
blue colour.
59. Mention some instances of Mughal Architecture of Madhya Pradesh.
Chanderi Fort
● The Chanderi fort is one of the best surviving Mughal forts in the state..
The glamour of the fort lies in its three gates. First, The Khooni Darwaza,
the main entrance door, holds the history of sheer cruelty and violence.
Called the ‘gate painted in blood’, Mughal nobles used the door to throw
criminals in the chamber beneath. Second, Kati Ghati is a 59 meter long,
12 meters broad, and 24.6-meter-high gate adorned with sloping towers.
The third and the highest gate of the fort is the HawaPaur. Also, there is a
masjid, carved with intrinsic mihrabs and verses from the Quran, built at
the fort’s entrance.
Ashrafi Mahal
● Built by Hoshang Shah between 1405 to 1422, the Ashrafi Mahal was an
Islamic college (madrasa). However, later, Mahmud Khilji converted the
fort’s northwest tower into a seven-storey victory tower. Built-in
Redstone, the building is as high as 150 feet. The balconies of the mahal,
constructed over a marble string course, show delineation of the stages.
60. Discuss the features of the colonial Architecture of Madhya Pradesh.
Jabalpur:
1) The Law Court
● The high court complex, completed in 1889 is one of the most beautiful
and imposing edifices in Jabalpur. This royal and elegant architecture was
designed by Henry Irwin. The building is characterized by Gothic arched
openings and brick columns and the architecture of the building is a mixed
baroque (a style of european architecture) and oriental style. The arches as
well as the bastions at the corner are ornamental.
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2) Commissioner's residency
Built in 1821, the commissioner's residency is one of the oldest official
residential houses. The British built it soon after they took over the city
from the Marathas, and it served as the residence of a British soldier and
an administrator in British India, William Sleeman.
● The Protestant Church of Christ, also known as the Christ Church is a
true-blue colonial architecture of the British era. Built around 1875 by the
British, this church's architecture is fascinating. Built on the Gothic lines,
this church is a red sandstone structure, with the sanctum- sanctorum
surmounted by a hemispherical, ribbed dome.
61. Describe the structure of Rani Roopmati Pavilion.
● On the lofty crest of the hill to the south beyond the palace of Baz
Bahadur stand the pavilions associated with the romantic name of
Rupmati. It has undergone two or three stages of construction. The
original structure consisted of a low but massive hall with two rooms at
both ends. The walls have a sharp slope towards the base and the arches
are rather heavy in proportion to their spans. The earliest stage seems to
have been built originally for maintaining an effective military watch over
any possible enemy movement outside the fort.
● The remaining part of the building was built along the western side of the
plinth of the original block on the slope of the hill, so as to form a
basement which has further two prolonged projections, in the form of
corridors, one going towards the west and the other, in the opposite
direction, along the northern side of the block towards the east. The
western projection contains a large cistern to which only rain water could
be supplied during the monsoons by means of a channel running from the
roof to the reservoir below.
● The pavilions are known after Rupmati who, it appears, used to come here
daily from the palace nearby to have her darshan of Narmada.
62. Who was Subhadra Kumari Chauhan.
● Subhadra kumari Chauhan was a well-known hindi poet and freedom
fighter, born in Nihalpur near Allahabad. She has authored a number of
popular works in Hindi poetry. She was the first woman to participate in
Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement and went to jail several
times.
● She is recognised for her evocative patriotic poem ‘Jhansi ki Rani‘, which
is also among the most-recited poems in Hindi literature. From this one
poem, she got fame in Hindi poetry and she became immortal in literature.
Through her works, she spoke about gender and caste discrimination faced
by women. She wrote Mukul, Bikhre Moti, Rakhi ki Chunauti,
sabhakekhel, veeron ka kaisa Ho Basant etc. Her determination to evoke
nationalistic pride helped her publish 88 poems and 46 short stories.
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63. Who was Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh.

● Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh was one of the most prominent Hindi poets,
essayist, literary and political critic, and fiction writers of the 20th century.
He was born in Sheopur district in 1917. He is considered to be the first
poet of Tar saptak; series of anthologies (1943), which marked a transition
in Hindi literature, from the prevalent Chhayavaad movement. He is
widely considered as the pioneer of the modern poetry in India. He was
also an assistant-editor of journals like; Naya Khun and Vasudha, etc.
● His work was deeply influenced by his viewpoints of Marxism, Socialism
and Existentialism and he along with writers like; Yashpal, continued his
ideological fight against modernist and formalist trends in Hindi literature.
● He is best known for his long poems: Brahma-rakshasa, Chand ka
MuhTedahai, Ek Sahityik ki diary, Nai Kavita ka Atma Sangharsha, etc.
64. What are the prominent monuments in Bhopal built by female
rulers of Madhya Pradesh?
● The Begums were great reformists and patrons of education, art, culture
and public works. They built several great monuments, which still stand as
testaments to the city's glorious past.
Qudsia Begum (1819-37),the first female ruler of Bhopal, came to power
at the young age of eighteen. She built the elegant Jama Masjid and the
Gohar Mahal Palace.
Sikander Begum (1844-68), She built the beautiful Moti Masjid, Moti
Mahal and Shaukat Mahal.
Shah Jahan Begum (1868-1901) A great administrator, she gave the city
its waterworks, hospitals, postal system, printing presses, newspaper and
railway service. She also left an indelible mark by building several
beautiful structures, such as the Taj Mahal Palace, Taj-ul-Masajid,
Sadar Manzil and Barah Mahal.
● The last in the line of the great Begums was Sultan Jahan Begum (1901-
1926). The notable structures to her credit areQaser-e-Sultani Palace,
which now houses theSaifia College, Noor-us-Sabah Palace, which is
now a heritage hotel, Minto Hall, which housed the Madhya Pradesh
Vidhan Sabha till 1996, the Edward Museum and Hamidia Library.
65. Discuss the cultural and religious importance of Chitrakoot.
Chitrakoot:
● Chitrakoot is a famous pilgrimage centre of religious, cultural, historical
and archaeological importance, situated in the Bundelkhand region.
Chitrakoot means the 'Hill of many wonders'. Chitrakoot mountain range
includes KamadGiri, Hanuman Dhara, JankiKund, Lakshman pahari, and
Devangana which are famous religious mountains. It is believed to have
got its name owing to the presence of 'Cheetal' (deer) in the region.
According to folklore, Lord Ram and Sita spent eleven of their fourteen
years of exile in the deep jungles of Chitrakoot.
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66. Write a short note on Bhojpur.

Bhojpur:
● The town is known for the 11th Century Shiva Temple and lake built by
Raja Bhoj, the Parmar king. It is also known as the "Somnath of North
India". The site is located on sandstone ridges typical of central India, next
to a deep gorge through which the Betwā River flows. The Bhojeshwar
temple or Bhojpur temple is an important Shiva temple having one of the
largest Shiva Lingas in India.
67. Give a description of the main historical tourist places of Madhya
Some of the most popular historical places in Madhya Pradesh:
The Great Stupa of Sanchi:
● Sanchi Stupa, better known as the Great Stupa, is a Buddhist complex,
preserving the relics of Lord Buddha. It is a hemispherical structure made
of bricks and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Khajuraho Group of Temples:
● The Khajuraho group of temples dates back to the 9th and 10th centuries.
It is a collection of Hindu and Jain temples. It has been declared a World
Heritage Site by UNESCO. The famous tourist places here are Kandariya
Mahadev temple, Vishwanath temple, Lakshman temple, Parshwanath
temple, Beni sagar Dam etc.
Mandu:
● Mandu is also known as the city of joy, located in Dhar district. Some
tourist places here are Jahaz Palace, Hindola Palace, Hoshangshah’s
Tomb, Jama Masjid, Ashrafi palace, Roopmati Mandap, Lohani Caves etc.
Bhimbetka Rock Shelters:
● It is one of the largest prehistoric complexes exhibiting the oldest known
rock art on the subcontinent. It has been designated as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 2003.
Gyaraspur:
● It is an important place of Medieval times. The place has several ruins of
several old Hindu, Jain and Buddhist places of worship. These include
Maladevi Temple, HindolaTorna and the Bajramath Surya Temple.
68. Mention some most popular Buddhist caves in Madhya Pradesh.
● Bagh Caves: These remarkable and interesting Buddhist rock-cut shrines
and monasteries are situated in the Narmada valley among the southern
slopes of the Vindhya hill in Kukshi Tehsil of Dhar District. There are
nine caves and carved during the Satvahana dynasty in 5-7th century. A
legendary painting of the Bodhisattva ‘Padmapani’ housed here.
● Saru Maru Caves: Saru Maru is an archeological site of an ancient
monastic complex and Buddhist caves located near the Pangoraria village
in Sehore District of Madhya Pradesh. It is almost 120 km south
of Sanchi. Saru Maru houses several stupas and natural caves for monks.
Many Buddhist graffitis have been found. In the main cave,
two inscriptions of Ashoka were found.
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● Dhamnar Caves: Dhamnar Caves are located in Dhamnar village

of Mandsaur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. This rock cut
site has 51 caves, stupas, Chaityas, passages and compact dwellings and
were carved in 7th century AD. The site includes the colossal status
of Gautama Buddha in sitting and Nirvana mudra.
69. Mention some major Ancient rock-cut caves in Madhya Pradesh
Major caves in Madhya Pradesh are as follows:
● Adamgarh Caves: These are situated in Adamgarh hills, Hoshangabad
district of Madhya Pradesh. Adamgarh Hills are famous for the pre-
historic rock shelters around 18 in number and rock paintings found in the
hills. Stone age artefacts, lower palaeolithic and Mesolithic implements
have been excavated from here.
● Bhimbetka Caves: Bhimbetka Caves, also known as the Bhimbetka Rock
Shelters, are believed to have been a witness to the Paleolithic and
Mesolithic periods.These caves have now been declared a UNESCO world
heritage site, owing to their historical significance.
● Pandav Caves: These caves are situated in Panchmarhi, Madhya Pradesh.
The caves are believed to have been graced by the famous Pandava
brothers and their wife Draupadi from the epic of Mahabharata. A family
of 5 sandstone caves, there are significant fine carvings inside each.
● Udayagiri Caves: These are group of rock- cut cave sanctuaries, carved
into a sandstone hill that stands, sentinel like, on the horizon. They contain
some of the oldest surviving Hindu temples and iconography in India.
They are the only site that can be verifiably associated with a Gupta
period. Its caves are protected monuments managed by the Archaeological
Survey of India.
● Lohani Caves: These rock-cut cells are said to be the primitive residence
of Shaiva Yogis. These excavations belong to the 11th and 12th centuries
of Shaivism tradition and are quite unique archeological sites.
● Bhartrihari Caves: Bhartrihari Temple is located very near the popular
Shipra River in Ujjain. It is the cave of the famous sage of India, who is
known as Bhartrihari. Bhartrihari meditated inside this cave for 12 tough
years. There are two main caves with deceptively narrow entrances.
70. Describe Hoshang Shah’s Tomb?
● It is India’s first marble edifice located in Mandu and one of the most
refined examples of Afghan architecture. Its unique features are the
magnificent dome, marble lattice work of remarkable delicacy and
porticoed courts and turrets which mark the four corners of the rectangle.
Shah Jhan sent four of his master architects to study the design of this
tomb and took inspiration from its plan and layout. Among them
was Ustad Hamid, who was also associated with the construction of the
Taj Mahal at Agra.
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71. Write a short note on a Historical City- Burhanpur.

● The historical city of Burhanpur is situated on the northern Bank of the
river Tapti and is 65 km south-east of Khandwa in Madhya Pradesh.
Burhanpur was founded in 1399 AD by a Prince of Faruqi dynasty –
Nasir khan from Khandesh. The new city was named Burhanpur in
honour of the famous saint Burhan-ud-din of Daulatabad.
● The kings of Faruqi dynasty of Khandesh ruled it for over 200 years. It
was conquered by the Andhras who later on were succeeded by the
Chalukyas.
● According to Farista, Khandesh was a Rajput state with Asirgarh as its
principal fortress before Alauddin Khilaji’s invasion of Deogiri in 1294.
The kingdom was annexed to the Mughal Empire by Akbar in 1601 AD.
● It is hilly but partly convered by an extensive open plain. Shah jahan spent
a considerable amount of time in this city. The rich historical monuments
here are:
Asirgarhfort: It is known as the Gateway to Southern India.
Shahi Qila: A Painting in shahi qila is supposed to have inspired the
design of Taj Mahal.
Zenana Hammam or royal bath; specifically built for Mumtaz Mahal,
Jama Masjid is supposed to be the only mosque to contain Urdu &
Sanskrit scripts. d the design of taj mahal
72. Give a brief overview of Ancient Town Shivpuri.
● Shivpuri is another legendary city in the state of Madhya Pradesh with
immense historical significance such as:
● Here both Hindu and Mughal Emperors ruled for a long time.
● Its dense forests were the hunting grounds of the Mughal emperors when
great herds of elephants were captured by Emperor Akbar.
● Shivpuri was a natural choice as the summer resort capital of the Scindias.
● The city named after Lord Shiva, served as the haven of
Kachhawaha Rajputs until 1804.
● Here the great freedom fighter Tatya Tope was hanged to death.
● With a very minimal population and located at a height of 478 meters
above sea level coupled with some of the most exotic attractions, such as
Madhav National Park, George Castle, Sultan hotel, Chhatris, Baradari,
Madhav vilas Palace, Shakhyasagar boat club etc, Shivpuri makes up
an ideal destination option for a quick getaway.
73. Who was Rani Kamlapati?
● Rani Kamlapati, the Gond queen of the region in the 18th century, was
one of Nizam Shah's seven wives. She was well-known for her beauty,
courage and abilities. The famous seven-storeyed Kamlapati Palace in
Bhopal was built by Nizam Shah in her name. which presently serves as
an ASI-protected monument and overlooks the Upper and Lower Lakes.
Kamlapati was the “last Hindu queen of Bhopal”.
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● She was an expert horse rider, wrestler and an archer. The queen
performed great work in the area of water management and also, set up
temples and parks According to popular belief, Rani Kamlapati offered
one lakh mohars (coins) to Dost Mohammad Khan and asked him to attack
Chain Singh, who wanted to marry Rani Kamlapati and poisoned to death
Nizam Shah. But Khan wanted to marry the queen as he was enchanted by
her beauty, and also wanted to capture the entire princely state of Bhopal.
When the queen’s son Nawal Shah came to know of his intentions, the 14-
year boy went on to fight Khan at Lalghati, but was killed. The name
of Indian Railways’Habibganj station in Bhopal has been changed to Rani
Kamlapati railway station.
74. Who was Genda Lal Dixit?
● Genda Lal Dixit was an unequaled warrior, great Indian revolutionary and
fervent patriot of the Indian freedom struggle. He was greatly influenced
by the mass movement against the ‘Partition of Bengal’.He had
established ‘Shivaji committee’ for revolution. He founded the ‘Matrivedi’
party in the year 1916 in the ravines of Chambal and became the
commander-in -chief of the party.
75. Discuss in brief about the Hindustani Lal Sena.
● Hindstani Lal Sena or Indian Red Army. The only militant organization of
Central Province and Berar. It was formed by Magan lal Bagdi on 13th
April 1939. It was operated from Bhandara.
● It was an underground organization. They had their influence over student
union peasants and Indian government servant. Bomb making techniques
and military training for youth were openly advocate in Public meetings.
● It was said that Margan Lal Bagdi was influenced by the ideas of Congress
Socialist Party, a radical group with in Congress.
76. What was Gwalior-Goa Conspiracy Case?
● Gwalior had always been a centre of revolutionary activities. It’s
proximity to Delhi and UP made this independepent state of Central India
an arena of freedom struggle.
● The Gwalior-Goa conspiracy took place in 1932. Under this movement
arms were brought from foreign countries and were being made available
to the revolutionaries. Those who were punished in this regard were
Balkrishna Sharma. Girdharilal, Ram Chandra Sarvate, Stephen Joseph.
77. Discuss the course of the Civil Disobedience Movement in Madhya
Pradesh.
● On April 6, 1930, as soon as Gandhiji's Dandi March ended, Salt
Satyagraha started in various places of Madhya Pradesh from April 7,
under the leadership of Seth Govind Das and Pandit Dwarka Prasad
Mishra at the Samadhi of Rani Durgavati located in Barela near Jabalpur.
And under the leadership of Durgadas Mehta of Seoni district, the Salt
Satyagraha started, in addition to this the salt law was broken in Khandwa
Sehore Mandla etc.
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● At the time of the Civil Disobedience Movement, the tribals in the Seoni
and Betul districts of Madhya Pradesh started the Van Satyagraha, under
the Van Satyagraha, the tribals came out of the jungles of Madhya Pradesh
with a blanket on their shoulders and sticks in their hands in the horse
riding area. Wait for Singh, he struggled with the British for a long time
against the laws of forests, gave up his life for freedom, in the same way,
the Toria region Shivani tribals also opposed the forest laws, started the
Satyagraha, here four tribes became martyrs, thus Satyagraha here was
crushed with power.
78. Describe the Non Co-operation Movement in Madhya Pradesh.
● Non Co-operation Movement was decided in the Nagpur Session of
Congress itself.
● Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movement was started in January 1921 &
Jabalpur became its’ epicenter in Madhya Pradesh.
● Prabhakar Dundiraj led the movement in Madhya Pradesh where as Abdul
Jabbar Khan became flag bearer of Khilafat Movment.
● One movement which coincided with the wave of NCM was Kasai-Khana
Andolan led by Pt. Makhan Lal Chaturvedi where he championed the
cause of Gau raksha & advocated against establishment of Slaugheter
house in Ratona (Sagar). This movement attained national character.
● In 1972 during Non Co-operation foreign clothes were burnt in front of
Sehore police station which came under Bhopal state.
● During Khilafat and Non Co-operation Movement Gandhi ji toured
Chhindwara, Jabalpur, Khandwa and Seoni. This tour enthused people of
the province and they responded magnificently to Gandhiji’s call.
● Freedom fighters of the central province planned to hoist tri-color flag a
top Jabalpur Nagar Nigam office. European police commissioner took off
the flag and crushed it under his feet. This ruthless act went against the
sentiments of masses. Subhardra Kumari Chauhan. Pandit Sunder Lal
Sharma, Thakur Lakshman Chauhan led a procession against this act.
Police retaliated and arrested all the leaders. This further enraged the
people as result hoisting national flag on the top of government building
was emulated all over the province and this incidence went down in
history as “Jhanda Satyagraha’.
79. Write a short note Rani Durgavati?
Rani Durgavati:
 Rani Durgavati was born on 5th October 1524 A.D. in the family of
famous Chandel emperor Keerat Rai. She was born at the fort of Kalanjar
(Banda, U.P.). She married to Gond king Dalpat Shah and became the
queen of Gondwana. She ruled from Garh- Mandla ( present day Jabalpur)
which is hailed as golden period of Garh-Mandla. Rani moved her capital
to Chauragarh in place of Singaurgarh. It was a fort of strategic
importance situated on the Satpura hill range. Rani Durgavati's was a
personality with varied facets. She was valiant, beautiful and brave and
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also a great leader with administrative skills. Her self-respect forced her to
fight till death rather than surrender herself to her enemy.
80. Throw the light on the life of poet Isuri.
 The folk poet Isuri of the Bharatendu era was a contemporary of Pt
Gangadhar Vyas. The real depiction of rural culture and beauty is found in
the works of Isuri. He is best known for his compositions written in the
form of fag, which became very popular, especially among the youth.
Through the creations of Ishwari, their ability, practical knowledge is
realized. Ishwari's compositions have the ability to mesmerize the Bundeli
folk with the succulence, intoxication and simplicity of life and the
succulent melody of the melodious culture. Ishwari's compositions are
based on progress-promoting life, social environment, politics, bhakti-
yoga, coincidence, separation, cosmic, education, warning, body,
maya. . There is no poet as much fame as Isuri in Bundelkhand. The
complete history of rural culture is found only in the phases of Isuri. There
is a live depiction of love, makeup, compassion, sympathy, heartache and
poignant feelings in his fags. The Phags of Isuri have an amazing ability to
touch and tickle the heart. Esuri also faced criticism and public
condemnation for writings addressed to his fictitious girlfriend Rajau.
81. Throw the light on the biography of Sayed Haider Raza.
 Syed Haider Raza was considered one of the most prominent Indian
painters of his generation. In his innovative abstract works, Raza often
used concentric circles and geometric patterns which referenced the
Tantric ideologies of Hinduism and Buddhism, while his representational
paintings often depicted landscapes and urban scenes both in France and
India. A co-founder of the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group (PAG),
along with Krishna Hawlaji Ara and Francis Newton Souza, Raza sought
to turn away from the influences of European Realism—which dominated
much of the academic art of India—and embrace Antar gyan, a uniquely
Indian vision. Born on February 22, 1922 in Barbaria, India, he went on to
study at the Nagpur School of Art and the Sir J.J. School of Art in
Bombay before moving to Paris to study at the École National Supérieure
des Beaux-Arts from 1950–1953. Today, Raza’s works are in the
collections of the Fukuoka Asian Art Museum, the San Jose Museum of
Art, the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, and the National
Gallery of Art in New Delhi, among others. After having spent much of
his life between Paris and Gorbio, France, the artist died on July 23, 2016
in New Delhi, India.
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82. Write a short note on Bhil or Pithora Paintings

 The Ritual Art Of Pithora paintings are done by the Rathwa, Bhil, Nayak
and Tadi tribes of Gujarat, parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
 These paintings speak of the social, cultural and mythological life and
beliefs of the tribals. The Pithora wall paintings are done on the main wall
of the house, which divides the verandah from the kitchen. This part of the
house is considered sacred to Pithoro, the god of food grains and the
principal deity of the tribe. One of the most well represented figures in
Pithora wall paintings is the horse, which is used to represent the gods,
goddesses and ancestors. The depiction of seven horses in the paintings
represent the seven hills bordering their region. The walls for Pithora wall
paintings are prepared by the kumaris, or unmarried girls using cow dung
and clay over a period of seven days. Yet the paintings are done by men in
groups of seven to eight. Pithora paintings with their bright colours and
animated figures often reflect the joyful sentiments of the tribe and the
artists.
83. Describe in Brief about Gulawat Valley?
Gulawat Valley
● The Gulawat Lotus Valley on the outskirts of Indore is truly a feast to the
eyes. Located around 30 kms from the city, it is a must-visit tourist spot
during the winter season (Oct-Jan) to catch a beautiful sight of the fresh
pink blooms and hundreds of migratory birds. A quaint bridge over the
lake gives travellers a perfect view of the lake and gorgeous lotuses. Head
to this serene place which is away from the urban chaos.
84. Give some important facts about Kanha National park.
● The Kanha National Park was originally a part of the Gondwanas or the
“land of the Gonds”. The forest of the Kanha Tiger Reserve was inhibited
by two indigenous tribes of Central India, the Gonds and the Baigas.
Located in Mandla and Balaghat districts, the Kanha Tiger Reserve is
being occupied by two major sanctuaries, the Hallon and the Banjar
Sanctuaries. Kanha National Park is also referred to as Kanha Tiger
Reserve, with its large population of royal Bengal tigers. The park was
established in 1955 and the designation of tiger reserve in the region was
made in 1973, Kanha was the inspiration for the famous book titled Jungle
Book (also a popular movie of the same name), by Rudyard Kipling
85. Write a short note on Bhagoria festival.
● This is one of the oldest festivals greatly admired in the regions like
Jhabua, Dhar, Alirajpur and Khargone. The fair is celebrated just before
Holi wherein people apply 'gulal' to each other and tap their feet dancing
and singing to their traditional tribal tunes. Bhagoria is a “Haat Market” an
array of shops selling the silver jewellery to clay pots to fruits and
vegetables. Bhagoria has an agricultural significance attached to it. It
commences with the end of harvesting season. The local people, therefore
celebrate the festival to mark the completion of the same.
BHOPAL ✆: 7223901339 34
86. Give a brief description of Chanderi Fort.

● Chanderi Fort located at Chanderi in Ashoknagar District of Madhya
Pradesh. Chanderi is surrounded by hills, lakes and forests and there are
several monuments. Chanderi finds mention in Mahabharata. The Fort
dates back to the Mughal times, ruled by differed monarchs. Chanderi
Fort, a vast Mughal fort, dominates the skyline of the lovely old town of
Chanderi. It can be approached through three very famous gates. The
main gate is known as 'Khooni Darwaza' because the criminals from
battlements were thrown from the above. Another gate is 'Hawa Pur'
which is the third and highest gate of the Fort. The southwest- side of the
fort has a gate called the 'Kati-Ghati'.
87. Discuss the development of Jainism in Bundelkhand.
● The kings who have ruled the region over the years have contributed
greatly in the development of Jainism in the region. The jain temples in
the region are rich in art and architecture. We can find as many as six
siddha kshetras and more than twenty Athishaya kshetras having a very
diverse and impressive history. Bundelkhand, part of modern Madhya
Pradesh has been a jain heartland with various jain communities.
Bundelkhand generally comprises of the seven districts of Uttar Pradesh,
namely Lalitpur, Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda and
Chitrakoot, and six districts of Madhya Pradesh: Sagar, Damoh,
Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur, Panna, and Datia.
● During the Chandel period, Bundelkhand was home to a flourishing Jain
communities The Bhadavar region located adjacent to the bundelkhand is
also a region with sizeable jain population. Many of the famous Jain
tirthas, Vidisha, Deogarh, Lalitpur, Karguanji (Jhansi), Chanderi,
Kundalpur, Khajuraho, Aharji, Paporaji, Drongir (chhatarpur), Sonagir,
Nainagiri, Badagaon, Pateriaji Nisaiji etc. are in this region.[ Many
prominent traditional Digambar Jain scholars (Pandits) of the 20th century
belong to this region.
88. Throw light on the biography of Ravishankar Shukla.
 Ravishankar Shukla was a leader of the Indian National Congress He
was the Premier of the Central Provinces and Berar from 27 April 1946 to
25 January 1950, and also the first Chief Minister of the reorganised
Madhya Pradesh state. He was elected from Saraipali, Madhya
Pradesh now part of the state of Chhattisgarh.
 Born into a wealthy family, his father and grandfather were rich and
scholarly. His father, Pandit Jagganath Shukla, came of a family which
had resisted British rulers for three generations and his mother, Tulsi
Devi, was industrious and a capable manager. Young Ravishankar's
earliest years were passed in a scholarly atmosphere heavily charged with
Indian classics, Shri Ramcharit Manas and Gita.
BHOPAL ✆: 7223901339 35
89. Write a short note on Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple.

 Omkareshwar is the only jyotirlinga located on the banks of the holy
Narmada. The course of the holy river at this place resembles the word '
om' in Sanskrit, lending the name to the island mentioned in the ancient
scriptures of India. The city has 68 teerth (places of spiritual importance)
and a group of 108 shivlingas making it an utterly important Shaiva site.
The place was visited by Adi Shankaracharya who is believed to have
composed many of his works by the bank of Narmada in this sacred city.
Mythology says that Lord Shiva and goddess Parvati rest here in
Omkareshwar. The devotees in the main temple of Omkareshwar first
have the darshan of the giant five faced Ganesh. This Ganesh shrine is the
center of special festivities during the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in Aug-
Sept.
 Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar gave patronage to this temple and is a
protected monument of ASI.
90. Write a short note on Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Temple.
 The word Mahakaleshwar means 'the lord of time' and according to Hindu
beliefs, Lord Shiva is the God of time. Mahakaleshwar Temple, located in
the ancient city of Ujjain in the state of Madhya Pradesh, is one of the 12
Jyotirlingas in India.
 Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Mahakal lingam at this temple is believed to
be Swayambhu (self-manifested), obtaining currents of Shakti (power)
from within itself. Mahakaleshwar is also one of the 18 Maha Shakti
Peethas in India.
 A unique ritual associated with the temple is- Bhasm Aarti which begins
every day at 4 am
 Another factor that makes Mahakaleshwar one of the most revered
Jyotirlingas in India is the fact that the Mahakaleshwar idol is Dakshina
Mukhi, facing south, unlike all the other Jyotirlingas.
 The Mahakaleshwar Temple complex is a spacious courtyard with
sculptural finery and sophistication that is influenced by Maratha, Bhumija
and Chalukya styles of structural design
BHOPAL ✆: 7223901339 36
91. Describe the marvels of Mitawali, Padavali, and Bateshwar temples.

 A beautiful set of structures dating back to the Gupta and Gurjara-
Pratihara dynasties define the mastery of a historic era. The marvels of
Mitawali, Padavali, and Bateshwar temples are situated just a few
kilometres from the city of Gwalior.
Mitawali
 Mitawali is a village where the popular Chausath Yogini Temple lies - The
temple is perched atop a hill surrounded by the lush greenery. The
Parliament House in New Delhi is believed to have been inspired from the
circular design and architectural intricacies of the Mitawali temple!
Padavali
 The notable Padavali fortress was built in the 18th century by the Jat Ranas
rulers of Dhaulpur. Graciously guarded by a lion and lioness, the fort also has
a temple that once served as a divine place to worship Lord Shiva.
Bateshwar
 The site is not just about one temple; the Bateshwar temples are a cluster of
almost 200 mini grandeurs made of sandstone, devoted to lords Shiva and
Vishnu. Spread over 25 acres, these shrines were built across slanted hills
near Padavali. One can often spot the national bird perching and posing on
the rooftop of the temples.
92. Who were Pindaris?
 The Pindari, historically, an irregular horseman, plunderer, or forager who
followed the Maratha Bands and raided Mughal territory from the late 17 th
century. With the collapse of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, these
camp followers organized themselves into groups, each usually attached to
one of the leading Maratha Chiefs. The Pindaris became largely a law unto
themselves and conducted raids from hide- outs in central India.
 Pindaris people used to hide in the ravines of Rewa State and suddenly
attacked and looted the northern British State. Therefore, it was considered
necessary to make a treaty with the Rewa’s State Raja Ajit Singh.
BHOPAL ✆: 7223901339 37

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1. Well Comprehensive material for 3 & 5 Markers.

2. Prayas KSG aims to provide answer of all the

expected questions from each unit of your syllabus.

3. This matter would cover all topics of this particular

4. It is a very precise, well structured material, that would

enhance the scoring ability of MPPSC aspirants.

5. The material would not only cover 5 marker questions

but also provide relevant information for 3 markers.

1. The Charan Paduka Massacre has been called the Jallianwala

● It saw the participation of prominent leaders like Seth Govind Das,

11. Describe various forms of the folk painting of Bundelkhand.

17. Discuss in brief about the Jhalkari Bai.

3. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetika (2003)- Cave paintings dating back to

24. Discuss the religious and cultural significance of Amarkantak.

Festival of Dances Khajuraho Indian Classical Dance

Akhil Bharatiya Kalidas Samaroh Ujjain Literary Presentations

Dhrupad Samaroh Bhopal Vocal performances of

Allauddin Khan Sangeet Samaroh Maihar, Satna Indian Classical Music.

Ameer Khan Festival Indore Indian Classical

Rashtriya Hindi NatyaSamaroh Bhopal Hind's Best Drama's

Pachmarhi Utsav Pachmarhi Indian Folk Art's

Mandu Utsav Mandu

Orchha Utsav Orchha

LokrangSamaroh Bhopal Indian Folk Art's

Pt. Kumar GandharvaSamaroh Dhar Sanskrit Literary

BhojSamaroh Dhar Sanskrit Literary

ShankariSamaroh Throughout Sanskrit Literary

Kabir Samaroh All over Madhya Folk Arts, Music,

30. Mention some important fairs of Madhya Pradesh.

10. Fair of Kanha Baba In the Sodalpur It is organised since

▪ Bhavabhuti was well-known with his middle name Ambek in Padmapur.

45. Write a short note on Bhimbetka Caves.

48. Discuss the religious and cultural significance of Ujjain.

50. Describe the Major Mosques of Madhya Pradesh.

52. Though Kailash satyarthi is the citizen of India, his contribution is

55. Write in brief about Tantya Bhil.

58. Write a short note on the Malwa style of Architecture.

63. Who was Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh.

66. Write a short note on Bhojpur.

● Dhamnar Caves: Dhamnar Caves are located in Dhamnar village

71. Write a short note on a Historical City- Burhanpur.

82. Write a short note on Bhil or Pithora Paintings

86. Give a brief description of Chanderi Fort.

89. Write a short note on Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple.

91. Describe the marvels of Mitawali, Padavali, and Bateshwar temples.

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