I. Multiple Choice.

1. He was held in.........for three years.

A. seize B. captivity C. arrest D. closure
2. The illness frequently........with other chronic diseases.
A. combines B. exists C. coexists D. All are correct.
3. The factory was fined for.........chemicals into the river.
A. dumping B. dropping C. discharging D. All are correct.
4. The tribe was threatened with.........
A. extinction B. extinct C. extincted D. All are correct.
5. Flowers are often.........by bees as they gather nectar.
A. developed B. grown C. fertilized D. fertilizing
6. The high cost of equipment..........many people from taking up this sport.
A. bans B. prohibits C. stops D. All are correct.
7. His fatal made him to pursue the struggle for.........
A. survival B. life C. liveliness D. hope
8. Do you agree with a.........against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18?
A. ban B. prohibition C. stop D. A and B
9. In this........we are very fortunate.
A. respect B. field C. matter D. All are correct.
10. The students were able to go behind the........to see how programmes are made.
A. camera B. landscape C. scenes D. view
11. It is really an area of.......beauty.
A. landscape B. scenic C. scenery D. B and C
12. His only chance of........was a heart transplant.
A. existence B. life C. survival D. living
13. What exactly is the influence of television........children?
A. on B. in C. at D. with
14. A fund will be set up for the........species.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. endangering D. popular
15. They resent foreign........in the internal affairs of their country.
A. intervention B. affairs C. involvement D. interference
16. The river has been polluted with..........waste from local f
actories.
A. nontoxic B. toxic C. harmless D. harmed
17. His time that governments.........levels of environmental pollution.
A. reduced B. decreased C. dropped D. A and B
18. If traffic moves at low speeds, the number of accidents is.........
A. cut down B. pulled back C. turned off D. put away
19. I'll have to.........to you, otherwise he will hear.
A. whisper B. say C. whistle D. shout
20. "Those students study a lot." ~ "Yes, ........students are very seri
A. almost B. most C. most of D. almost of

II. Find a suitable word for the sentences below. One example has been for you.
0. A. Boil plenty of salty water, and add the spaghetti.
B. I'll boil the kettle and make some tea.
C. She put some potatoes on to boil.
1. A. The animals are.......(-ed) in nets and sold to local zoos.
B. The company has.........(-ed) 90% of the market.
C. Puppets are used to.........the imagination ofyounger audiences.
2. A. To......is to exist together in the same place or at the same time, especially in a peaceful way.
B. English speakers now.........peacefully with their Spanish-speaking neighbours.
C. Different traditions...........successfully side by side.
3. A. It was a..........explosion, causing a lot of deaths.
B. This morning he got the.........news that her father was dead.
C. It will be a......blow to the local community if the factory closes.
4. A. Patients were being.......from the hospital too early.
B: She had.........herself against medical advice.
C. He was........from the army following his injury.
5. A. The health of our children is being........by exhaust fumes.
B. That one mistake seriously......... the future of the company.
 C. The sea turtle is an.........species.
6. A. The government tries to.......law and order in the society.
B. The two countries always......close relations.
C. We hope to...... prices during Tet holidays.
7. A. I have the greatest.........for your brother.
B. A two-minute siler.se was held as a mark of..........
C. A deep mutual........and understanding developed between them.
8. A. The movie opens with a......in a New York apartment.
B. The team's victory produced........(s) of joy all over the country.
C. Firefighters were on the......immediately.
9. A. The company managed to........ the crisis.
B. Many birds didn't........the severe winter.
C. I can't.........on £40 a week.
10. A. Those friends are a bad...........on her.
B. His first music teacher was a major...........in his life.
C. Her parents no longer have any real...........over her.
III. Supply the correct form of the word in bold.
1. The bird had escaped from.......... (captive) 1. captivity
2. The minorities live in peaceful.........within one nation. (exist) 2. coexistence
3. The bomb caused widespread......... (devastate) 3. devastation
4. The mountain gorilla is on the verge of........ (extinct) 4. extintion
5. We are discussing the.......of soil with artificial chemicals. (fertile) 5. Fertilization
6. ........is a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully. (fertile) 6. Fertilizer
7 The school pays for heating and the.........of the buildings. (maintain) 7. Maintenance
8. We are in favour of the.......of smoking in public areas. (prohibit) 8. prohibition
9 He is a much loved and highly.......teacher. (respect) 9. Respected
10. Go and make yourself look....... (respect) 10. respetable
11 We were brought up to be.......of authority. (respect) 11. Respectful
12. We went to the national park to enjoy the mountain....... (scene) 12. Scenery

IV. Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.

1. Our high school team was very excited at going to the finals.
2. I'm not acquainted with the man. Do you know him?
3. My car is equipped with air conditioning.
4. Barbara turned off the TV because she was tired of listening to the news.
5. 1 think I'm satisfied with the way it is.
6. Are you opposed to nuclear armament?
7. I'm terrified of the possibility of an accidental nuclear war.
8. The department store was filled with toys for the holiday sale.
9. The store was crowded with shoppers on the eve of the holiday.
10. I think you're involved in too many activities.
V. Fill in the blanks with one word.
1. Don't ask anybody for help! Do it by.........!
2. Peter,....... car had broken down, asked a man to help him.
3. You used to go out with him, .........you?
4. I went to a school.........no one spoke Vietnamese.
5. She couldn't decide.......to do first.
6. My father doesn't drink coffee, and........do I.
7. There is nothing..........in the fridge. We have to buy more food.
8. She is.........beautiful that all the boys can't stop looking at her.
9. I only take photos as a hobby. I'm just an amateur..........
10.The person who directs a symphony orchestra is called the…......
VI. Fill in each gap with a word from the box.
prohibited - extinct - pesticides - endanger - respect - wording
maintain - survival - scenery - endangered - discharged
1. She was.......from the police force for bad conduct.
2. Development of the area would........wildlife.
3. Many kinds of animals have become.......nowadays.
4. The house is large and difficult to..........
5. We only buy vegetables grown without the use of...........
6. North Korean citizens were........from travelling abroad.
7. Everyone has a right to be treated with...........
8. The......of the Mississippi is magnificent.
9. Exporting is necessary for our economic......
10.We are going to visit.a conservation area for........species.
11. The.........of questions can influence how people answer.
VII. Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom/which.
1. Is this the book? You asked me for it.
2. I don't find the person a very suitable companion. I'm sharing a flat with him.
3. Here's the address. You should write to this address.
4. I can assure you that David is a man. You can absolutely depend on him.
5. I can't remember the name of the person. I gave the money to him.
6. This is a job. You can take your time over it, because I'm not in any particular hurry.
7. The teacher said that two of the pupils had suddenly disappeared. He was responsible for them.
8. Some foreign businessmen thought that British exports should increase after devaluation. I spoke to these three
businessmen recently.
9. They came to a plateau. Around the plateau stood a circle of high mountains.
10. The scientist produced a working model. Reliable tests could be conducted on this model.
VIII. Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom/which.
1. The movie was interesting. We went to it.
2. The woman pays me a fair salary. I work for her.
3. The man is over there. I told you about him.
4. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.
5. The person is sitting at the desk. You should talk to her about your problem.
6. Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them.
7. The picture is beautiful. Tom is looking at it.
8. I enjoyed the music. We listened to it after dinner.
9. I met the people. You told me about tl.em.
10. The market has fresh vegetables. I usjally go to it.
11.I couldn't understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
12. The office is on High Street. Amy works in it.
IX. Join the following sentences, using non-restrictive clauses with a prepositional construction.
1. The eighty-nine passengers all escaped without serious injury. Four of the passengers werr British.
2. The country now has 300 power stations. All of them are part of a national network.
3. The speaker posed four highly important questions. The answers to these questions proved very clear.
4. For electoral purposes, the United Kingdom is divided into districts. Each of them returns one member to Parliament.
5. The plans for the new by-pass have now been approved by the authorities. By means of this by-pass, heavy traffic in the
city centre will be considerably relieved.
X. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.
A. a B. because of C. blown D. causes E. dams F. drops G. dry H. in spite of
I. irrigated J. keeps K. normal L. pulled M. suffer N. the O valuable P. wells
Drought is a condition that results when the average rainfall for a fertile area /n.......far below the normal amount for
(2)........long period of time. In areas that are not (3)......., the lack of rain (4)......farm crops to wither and die. Higher than
(5)........temperatures usually accompany periods of droughts. The soil of a drought area becomes (6)......... and crumbles.
Often the rich topsoil is (7)........away by the hot, dry winds. Streams, ponds, and (8).........often dry up during a drought, and
animals (9)........and may even die (10)........the lack of water.
XL Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage:
Every ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect dies (1)........for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species
that are alive today will have become (2)........twenty years from now. The seas are in (3).......They are being filled with
poison: industrial and nuclear (4)........, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, sewage. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead;
the North Sea is following. If nothing is done about it, one day soon nothing will be able to live in the seas.
The tropical rain forests, which are the (5)........of half the earth's living things (including many rare animals and plants), are
being destroyed. If nothing is done about it, they will have disappeared in twenty years. The (6).......on the world's
climate - and on our agriculture and food supplies - will be disastrous.
Fortunately, somebody is trying to do something about it. In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund was (7)........ - a small group of
people who wanted to raise money to save animals and plants from extinction.
Today, the World Wildlife Fund is a large international organization. It has raised over £35 million for conservation projects,
and has created or given'(8)........to National Parks in five continents. It has helped 30 mammals and birds - including the tiger
- to (9)......... Perhaps this is not much, but it is a start. If more people give more money - and if more governments wake up to
what is happening - perhaps the World Wildlife Fund will be able to help us to avoid the disaster that (10).......bbthe natural
world, and all of us will be with it.
1. A. off B. on C. out D. over
2. A. extinguished B. extinct C. distinct D. invalid
3. A. danger B. death C. debt D. despair
4. A. waste B. rubbish C. essence D. mixture
5. A. container B. origin C. house D. home
6. A. result B. impression C. effect D. motivation
7. A. founded B. found C. funded D. fixed
8. A. defence B. support C. preservation D. rescue
9. A. continue B. endure C. prolong D. survive
10.A. occurs B. pollutes C. threatens D. suffers
XII. Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best answers the question about the passage:
The natural world is under violent assault from man.
The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous
toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is
poisoned. It's little wonder forests and lakes that are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the
destruction continues.
Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth's mineral riches and to
plunder its living resources.
The great rain forests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened And this despite the warnings of the scientific
community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people.
Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for
our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich
variety of life-forms which share this planet with us.
But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe - and at the spearhead of this challenge
is Greenpeace.
Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand. Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions
at sea and on land have shocked governments and industries into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural
world to be destroyed.
Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions.
Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining
Greenpeace today. Thank God someone's making waves.
1. Which one of these statements is not made?
A. Drinking water is polluted. B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea.
C. Sewage isn't processed. D. Cars and factories poison the air.
2. The writer......... forests and lakes are being destroyed.
A. is surprised that B. is unsure why
C. wonders why D. understands why
3. Rain forests are being destroyed because governments and industries
A. are unaware of what they're doing wrong. B. are rich and powerful.
C. choose to ignore criticism. D. basically care about the environment.
4. The earth's resources
A. should only be for people B. can be made to last longer.
C. will fast forever. D. belong to just humans and animals.
5. Governments and industries
A. don't know what Greenpeace thinks. B. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace.
C. can easily ignore Greenpeace. D. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks.
XIII.. Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.
LIFECYCLE
Chimpanzees live in groups that depend on intimate, day-to-day communication. They use their close bonds to outwit
predators or rivals, and to share skills and local knowledge.
HABITAT
The chimpanzee favors dense woodland, or tropical forest with closed canopy, or leafy 'ceiling'. This habitat typically
includes fruiting trees, from which the ape feeds. Where food is plentiful, chimpanzees form a group of about 15 to 40
individuals, which may hold a forest territory of up to 75 sq km.
The chimpanzee inhabits wooded savannah. Here, though, territories are much larger - between 200 -775 sq km - because
the sparser distribution of trees yields less food and fewer nesting sites.
CONSERVATION
The chimpanzee is declining across its range, as a result of habitat destruction, hunting and the overcollection of animals from
the wild - especially babies. When the baby chimps are taken from the wild the mother is usually killed in the process. These
babies may then face a life of abuse as a photo-prop, circus performer or laboratory research animal.
BREEDING
For the first three months of its life the infant clings to its mother's chest, but by about six months it had learned to ride on
her back.
The offspring is weaned at about four years of age, but forges a very strong bond with its mother and stays with her for up to
ten years - Jong after she has ..given birth again. This prolonged period of attachment is vital because most of the youngster's
skills are acquired through observing, and learning from older chimps.
 BEHAVIOUR
Living in a group allows chimpanzees to defend their territory and forage more efficiently, and also provides security.
Strong bonds are forged between individuals, especially between adult males and between a mother and her infant. However,
friendships are confined to family: chimpanzees are hostile to other groups, and males may hunt down and kill males of
neighbouring groups, attacking them with sticks, or throwing stones.
The chimpanzee also uses tools for more peaceful purposes, and will even manufacture them. Taking a twig, the chimpanzee
carefully strips it of leaves and then inserts it into a defence, and the chimpanzee withdraws the twig, picking off and eating
the termites. Other tools are used to hook fruit of branches, while bunched handfuls of leaves are used like sponges to soak up
water from streams.
1. Where do chimpanzees prefer to live?
2. Why do chimpanzees remain with their mothers for long periods of time?
3. Why do chimpanzees live in groups? Give two reasons.
4. Why are numbers of chimpanzees in the wild falling?
XIV. Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.
Undersea lost worlds threatened
A group of marine scientists is becoming increasingly concerned at the threat that deep-water fishing poses to life on deep-
sea mountains. Deep-sea mountains are commonly known as 'seamounts', and are fully submerged mountains rising 1,000 or
more meters, from the ocean floor. They are found throughout the world and are home to many unusual sea creatures. Recent
studies suggest that up to 40% of all species found on seamounts are new to science. Some of these sea creatures are living
fossils from groups believed to have been extinct since the time of the dinosaurs.
Seamounts support fragile creatures, which live for a very long time but can be harmed by even the slightest disturbance in
habitat. Included here are coral communities and species offish such as the 'orange roughy', which can live for over 100 years.
Unfortunately, this type of fish, as well as the deep water red', are sought after and fished far too much by deep-sea fishing
boats.
Seamounts have become threatened habitats which support unique communities of sea-life. Seamounts have always been
credited with the role of acting as stepping stones for the dispersal of species throughout the world's oceans. Certainly, new
species are often discovered in these regions.
The Pacific Ocean is home to most seamounts because of the high level of volcanic activity in the area. This is not the case in
the Atlantic Ocean, which has a quantity of its own seamounts yet to be researched.
Species which live on seamounts survive on food carried by currents. Nutrient-rich water is pushed upwards by the
seamount, picking up speed as it races over the summit. Sea creatures which, live near the summit of a seamount, such as
corals and sponges, filter organic matter from this water as it passes. Orange roughy, for example, feed on prawns, shrimps,
squid and other small fish that drift by. Also, lobsters and sea spiders live among the coral outcrops. Whales and tuna fish
also visit these undersea mountains on the migratory routes.
Scientists warn that many species of sea creature may become extinct before being even identified of relentless deep-sea
fishing continues.
1. Where is the base of a deep-sea mountain?
2. What is surprising about the proportion of species discovered on seamounts?
3. Why are the living fossils found on seamounts historically interesting?
4. How are the seamounts fish being threatened?
5. Why are scientists so worried about the future of life on the seamounts?
XV. There is one mistake in each sentence. Correct all the mistakes you can find.
1. Because they have moved away, they hardly never go to the beach any more.
2. My brother doesn't care how much does the car cost because he is going to buy it anyway.
3. Mary and her sister studied biology last year, and so does Jean.
4. Pete had already saw that film before he read the review about it.
5. The government has decided voting on the resolution now rather than next month.
6. The professor is thinking to go to the conference on nuclear power next month.
7. His father does not approve of him to go to the party without dressing formally.
8. Children enjoy telling and listening to ghosts stories, especially on Halloween night.
9 No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker.
10. We had better to review this chapter carefully because we will have some questions on it on our test tomorrow.
XVI. Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given in brackets.
1 I can't believe this is the best room there is! (better)
There must.................................. this hotel.
2 The notice says you have to sign the forms twice. (must)
The notice says the forms...............................twice.
3. I'm sorry but I cannot lend you any money. (me)
I'm sorry but it................ to lend you any money.
4. The journey will be about nine hours, whichever route you take. (matter)
It......................................you take, the journey will be about nine hours.
5. The last time I went to Canada was in January 1994. (been)
I......................................Canada since January 1994.
6. It was a waste of time for you to discuss the problem with Jane. (point)
There is....................................................the problem with Jane.
7. My house is as big as Peter's. (same)
Peter's house....................mine.
8. Michael is usually punctual so I'm surprised that he's late. (like)
I'm surprised that Michael is not here yet because it's..........late.
9. The committee discussed what to do. (discussion)
The committee..................should be done.
10. Nobody in the group disagreed with the plan except for John. (exception)
With......................everyone in the group agreed with the plan.
XII. Make sentences based on the given words.
1. Scientists / discover / North Pole icecap / melt / become mile-wide area / sea.
2. Melting / due to / greenhouse effect / warm / Earth.
3. Research / show / thickness / ice / North Pole / 3 meters / now / possible / sail / ship / directly over / pole.
4. At Kyoto / agree / developed countries / decrease / greenhouse emissions / 8% / before 2012.
5. It / expected / Britain / able / achieve this / many other countries / including / USA / not.

The End

ANSWER KEY 10
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C
11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. B
II. FIND A WORD

III. WORD FORMATION

1. captivity 2. coexistence 3. devastation 4. extinction 5. fertilization 6. fertilizer
7. maintenance 8. prohibition 9. respected 10. respectable 11. respectful 12. scenery
IV. PREPOSITIONS
1. at /about 2. with 3. with 4. of 5. with 6. to 7. of 8. with 9. with 10. in
V. GAP-FILLING
1. yourself / yourselves 2. whose 3. didn't 4. where 5. what
6. neither 7. left 8. so 9. photographer 10. conductor
VI. GAP-FILLING
1. discharged 2. endanger 3. extinct 4. maintain 5. pesticides 6. prohibited
7. respect 8. scenery 9. survival 10. endangered 11. wording
VII. RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Is this the bock you asked me for?
2. I don't find the person I'm sharing a flat with a very suitable companion.
3. Here's the address you should write to.
4. I can assure you that David is a man you can absolutely depend on.
5. I can't remember the name of the person I gave the money to.
6. This is a job you can take your time over, because I'm not in any particular hurry.
7. The teacher said that two of the pupils he was responsible for/for whom he we responsible had suddenly disappeared.
8. Some foreign businessmen I spoke to recently thought that British expor should increase after devaluation.
9. They came to a plateau around which stood a circle of high mountains.
10. The scientist produced a working model on which reliable tests could be conducted.
VIII. RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. The movie towhich we went was interesting.
2. The woman for whom I work pays me a fair salary.
3. The man about whom I told you is ever there.
4. I want to tell you about the party to which I went last night.
5. The person to whom you should talk about your problem is sitting at the desk.
6. Alice likes the foreign family with whom she is living.
7. The picture at which Tom is looking is beautiful.
8. I enjoyed the music to which we listened after dinner.
9. I met the people about whom you told me.
10. The market to which I usually go has fresh vegetables.
11. I couldn't understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone.
12. The office in which Amy works is on High Street.
IX. RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. The eighty-nine passengers, four of whom were British, all escaped without serious injury.
2. The country now has 300 power stations, all of which are part of a nations network.
3. The speaker posed four highly important questions, the answers to whid proved very clear.
4. For electoral purposes, the United Kingdom is divided into districts, each which returns one member to Parliament.
5. The plans for the new by-pass, by means of which heavy traffic in the city centre will be considerably relieved, have now
been approved by the authorities.
X. GAP-FILLING
1. F 2. A 3. I 4. D 5. K 6. G 7. C 8. P 9. M 10. B
XI. GUIDED CLOZE
1 C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C
XII. READING
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B
XIII.. RE iDING
1 Chimpanzees prefer to live dense woodland, or tropical forest with closed canopy or leafy "ceiling".
2. Because most of the youngster's skills are acquired through observing, and learning from older chimps.
3. To defend their territory andforage more efficiently, and also to provide security.
4, Because there is habitat destruction, hunting and the overcollection of animals from the wild - especially babies.
XIV. READING
1. It is the ocean floor.
2. Up to 40% of all species found on seamounts are new to science.
3. The living fossils are from groups which were believed to have been extinct since the time of the dinosaurs.
4\ They are sought after and fished far too much by deep-sea fishing boats.
5. Becaikse they are worried that many species of sea creature may become extinct before being even identified of relentless
deep-sea fishing continues.
XV. ERROR CORRECTION
1. hardly never  hardly 2. does the car cost  the car costs
3. does  did 4. saw  seen
5. voting  to vote 6. to go  of/about going
7. to go  going 8. ghosts stories  ghost stories
9. told  had told 10. to review  review
XVI. REWRITING SENTENCES
1. be better rooms than 2. must be signed
3. is impossible for me 4. does not matter which route
5. haven't been to 6. no point (in) (your) discussion
7. is the same size as 8. not like him to be
9. had/held a discussion on/about what 10. the exception of John
XVII. WRITING
1. Scientists have discovered that the North Pole icecap has melted and become a mile-wide area of sea.
2. The melting is due to the Greenhouse Effect which warms the Earth.
3. Researches showed that the thickness of the ice at the North Pole was about 3 meters, but now it is possible to sail a ship
directly over the pole.
4. At Kyoto, it was agreed that developed countries would have to decrease greenhouse emission by 8% by / before 2012.
5. It is expected that Britain will be able to achieve this, but many other countries, including the USA, will not.