FJAB 01 Patha 5 8

FJAB-01
eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~ eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k%
(Institute of Distance Education) ('kqHkk'kqHkfopkj%)
jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~
(ekfurfo'ofo|ky;%) iQfyrT;ksfr"kkpk;Zlsrq%]
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2 'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj%
i×Óe% ikB% 05&23
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lIre% ikB% 39&54
v"Ve% ikB% 55&72

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Mk- jekdkUrik.Ms;%
funs'kd%] eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~
izdk'kuo"kZe~ % 2013] iqueqZæ.ke~ % 2014] 2015
ISBN : 978-93-82091-48-6
© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

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iz;Dq rdkxne~ & Agro-based environment Friendly.
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vko';drk p rFkk eqgwÙkZlEcfUèkfofoèkxzUFkifjp;% bR;srs fo"k;k%A
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5-6 u{k=kifjp;%
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Ø i×ÓkÄõKkuo'kkr~ eqgwÙkZfuèkkZj.ks iVq% Hkfo";frA
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5-4-1 lEcUèk%
df'pr~ Jksrk vfi KkrkFkZ KkrlacaèkkfnoaQ KkRok ,o Jo.ks izo`Ùkks
HkofrA vr% xzUFkL; okpukr~ vknkS ,o ,rr~ lo± oDrO;e~A mDr×Ó µ
KkrkFk± KkrlEcUèka Jksrqa Jksrk izorZrsA
xzUFkknkS rsu oÙkQO;% lEcUèk% liz;kstu%AA
yksosQ fofoèkkuka dk;kZ.kka lEiknus eqgwrkZuka izfrine~ vko';drk HkofrA
eqgwrkZuka izfry{k.ka ykSfddfopkj vgZRosu rnfHkèkkukr~A v=k vfHkèks;inkFkkZuka
eqgwÙkZfuèkkZjdrÙokuka eqgwrZfpUrkef.kukedxzUFkL; p izfrik|izfrikndHkko% HkofrA ,"k%
izfrik| izfrikndHkko% ,o lEcUèk%A lEcUèkfo"k;s vfèkdL; o.kZuL; vko';drk
ukfLrA
5-4-2 (vfHkèks;%) fo"k;%

xzUFkL; ukEuk ,o fo"k;% Kk;rsA eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k% vFkkZr~ eqgwÙkkZuka fo"k;s
fpUru:ixzUFks"kq f'kjksef.k% xzUFk%A eqgwÙkZ'kCnsu fnuL; jk=ksokZ i×Ón'kks foHkkx% mP;rsA ;Fkk
jRuekykxzUFks mDre~ µ
fnuL; ;% i×Ón'kks foHkkxks
jk=ksLrFkk rf¼ eqgwrZekue~ A bfr
r=k y{k.k;k eqgwrkZsiyf{kr% dkyks eqgwrZ'kCnsu O;ifn';rsA rL; fpUrk
'kqHkk'kqHkRofopkj% rL; ef.kfjo eqgwrZfpUrkef.k%A ;Fkk ghjd&uhydkfne.k;% leLr
vkHkw"k.kkuke~ vkèkkjk% rFkSo v;efi xzUFk% fuf[kyeqgwrkZukekèkkj% orZrsA VhdkdrkZ Jheku~
xksfoUnnSoK% dFk;fr ;r~ fu"ksèkfofèkuka lekgkjs.k xzUFks oSf'k"VÔa leqRiÂ% vFkkZr~ xzUFk%
fu"ksèkfoè;kfnlfÂos'kfo'ks"ks.k fu:i;frA eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k% bR;usuSo insu lo± lwfpre~A
iwofZ Leu~ ikBs Hkork ifBra ;r~ T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; f=kLdUèks"kq lafgrkLdUèkkUrxZrk% lfUr eqgwrZL;
fo"k;k%A rFkk fg & 'kqHkk'kqHku{k=klÄ~ØkfUr xkspj laLdkjfookgoèkwioz 's kkXU;kèkkujkT;kfHk"ksd;k=kk&
x`gkjEHkx`gizos'keqgwrZleqnk;k% lafgrkinkFkkZ% izfrik|Rosu fo"k;Hkwrk%A ,rs"kka losZ"kka fo"k;k.kka
ifjp;a Hkoku~ iwofZ Leu~ [k.Ms izkIroku~A ;|fi ofl"Bkfnizkphukpk;S%Z xzgpkj&mRikrkfnfo"k;k%
vfi lafgrkinkFkZRosu xzUFks"kq o£.krk% rFkkfi v=k xzUFks rs"kka eqgwÙkZfopkjs vuqi;ksxkr~
xzUFkd=kkZ JhjkenSoKsu u mDrfefr rkRi;Ze~A
5-4-2 iz;kstue~
8 izR;sd% euq";% fdefi mís';a eufl fuèkk; ,o dfLef'pr~ dk;sZ izo`Ùk%

HkofrA ;Fkk izkphukpk;SZ% mDre~ µ vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
¶iz;kstueuqfí'; u eUnks¿fi izorZrs¸

vFkkZr~ df'pr~ eUncqf¼% vfi iz;kstua fouk fdefi dk;± u djksfrA
i'ko% vfi HkkstuL; bPN;k ,o ous brLrr% vVua oqQoZfUrA vr,o izkphupk;SZ% mDra
;r~ ,rkn`'kkuka les"kka iz'ukuka lekèkkua dL;kfi 'kkL=kL; vè;;ukr~ iwoZe~ vko';oaQ
HkofrA
loZL;So fg 'kkL=kL; deZ.kks okfi dL;fpr~A
;koRiz;kstua uksDra rkoÙkRosQu x`ársAA
vFkkZr~ ;fn dL;fpnfi dk;ZL; iwo± 'kkL=kL; vè;;ukr~ ok iwo± ;kor~
fdefi iz;kstua u o£.kra L;kr~ rkor~ dks¿fi rfLeu~ deZf.k lE;o~Q:is.k izo`Ùkks u HkofrA
JhxksfoUnnSoKL; Vhd;k Kk;rs ;r~ rfLeu~ dkys fofoèkk% eqgwrZxzUFkk%
vklu~A rS% xzUFkS% ,o fuf[kyeqgwÙkkZuka fopkjfuokZg% Hkofr LeA r£g vL; izkphukuka
erkfu vfèkÑR; fyf[krL; xzUFkL; jpuk;k% ¯d iz;kstue~\ vL; iz'uL; lekèkkukFksZ
xzUFkjpuk;k% iz;kstua xzUFkL; f}rh;s 'yksosQ fu#i;fr JhjkenSoK% µ
fØ;kdykiizfrifÙkgsrqs laf{kIrlkjkFkZfoyklxHkZe~A
vuUrnSoKlqr% l jkeks eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.kekruksfrAA
iz;kstua 'kCnL; ,o vij% i;kZ;% Hkofr ^gsrq%*A 'yksosQ nSoKsu
iz;kstueqDre~µ ¶fØ;kdykiizfrifÙkgsreq ¸~ v=k fØ;k'kCnsu tkrdeZukedekZfnlaLdkj:ik%
fØ;k% Kk;UrsA dyki% 'kCnL; vFkZ% Hkofr ¶lewg%¸ vr% fØ;k.kka lewg%A izfrifÙk
'kCnL; vFkZ% Hkofrµ veqfLeu~ 'kqHkfnus dk;Ze~ ,rfLeu~ v'kqHkfnus u dk;Ze~ bR;kfn
fo"k;k.kka lE;o~Q Kkua izfriknua pA rFkk gsrq 'kCnL; vFkZ% Hkofr ^dkj.ke~* A v;eFkZ%
vU;s"kq eqgwÙkZxzUFks"kq frfFkizdj.ks deZfo'ks"kq 'kqHkk'kqHkfrFk;% fu:firk%A ,oa okjizdj.ks okjk
,o rFkk u{k=kizdj.ks u{k=kkf.k ,o] ;ksxizdj.ks ;ksxks ,o] yXuizdj.ks yXukfu ,o
vfHkfgrkfu ,oa lfr vf[kyizdj.kkuka iqu% iqu% o.kZusu xzUFks vR;fèkdnh?kZrk vk;kfrA
vr% nSoKsu vfLeu~ xzUFks ,dfLeu~ ,o i|s ;ks ;ks eqgrw ksZ fopk;Zrs rL; r=kSo fuokZg% ÑRok
xzUFkL; yk?kodj.kL; iz;kl% Ñr%A vr,o nSoKsu mDre~ µ laf{kIr lkjkFkZfoyklxHkZe~¸A
vFkkZr~ laf{kIr'kCnS% lkjFkZL; fu"Ñ"VkFkZL; foykl% izdk'k% l xHksZ ;L; vlkSA ;|fi
bnkuhUruxzUFks"kq 'kCnyk?kosu vFkkZr~ vYik{kjS% fo"k;izfriknua izkI;rsA vYik{kjs"kq fo"k;ckgqY;a
Hkofr rFkkfi 'kCnkuke~ vFkZcksèk% vfi vR;Ura nq%[ksu HkofrA xq#eq[kkr~ vè;;usukfi
>fVfr vFkZLiqQj.ka u Hkofr ijUrq JhjkenSoKL; ,rnso oSf'k"VÔe~ vfLr ;r~ rs"kka 'kCns"kq
yk?koa rq vfLr ,o ijUrq fu"Ñ"VL;kfi vFkZL; rkn`'kS% 'kCnS% fu:i.ka ÑrefLr ;su
xq#eq[kkr~ vè;;ua fouk vfi vFkZKkua l|% eufl tkx£rA ,rnso vL; xzUFkL;
mikns;Roe~ vfLrA
iz;kstuizfriknulUnHksZ Hkork ys[kdL; laf{kIrlkjkFkZcksfèkU;k% 'kSY;k%
fo"k;s Kkre~A Vhdkdkj% JhxksfoUnnSoK% vU;s"kak izkphukuke~ vkpk;kZ.kka erkfu fu£n';
eqgÙw kZ'kkL=kL; iz;kstua o.kZ;fr ;r~ eqgÙw kZ'kkL=kL; iz;kstua rq 'kqHkk'kqHkdFkua fookgkfndkyfu.kZ;'p
orZrsA ;FkksDra ukjnsu ¶iz;kstua rq txr% 'kqHkk'kqHkfu:i.ke~¸A
½f"k d';isukfi mDre~ µ
9

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% xzg.kxzglÄ~ØkfUr;Kkè;;udeZ.kke~A
iz;kstua ozrks}kgfØ;k.kka dkyfu.kZ;%AA
vr% losZ"kka dk;kZ.kka lEiknukFksZ loZJs"BL; dkyL; fu.kZ;% ,o vL;
'kkL=kL; eq[;ksís';e~A ;rks fg ;k=kk;ka 'kqHk'koqQus 'kqHkiQye~] v'kqHk'koqQus v'kqHkiQye~A
;KksiohrfookgkfneÄõyÑR;s"kq 'kqHkyXukuqf"Brs"kq mDriQyizkfIr% n`';rs ,oA ;=k Dofpr~
O;fHkpkj% l tUedkyhulnln~xzgo'ksu ,oA vUrs Vhdkdkj% onfr ;r~ losZ"kkefi
'kkL=kk.kke~&vè;;us eks{kkfn&vn`"V:ia ijeiQya rq okfpdeso rFkkfi vL;kfi 'kkL=kL;
,rnso ijea iz;kstue~ orZrsA
5-4-4 vfèkdkjh
T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; vè;;us ;s"kke~ vfèkdkjks orZrs] eqgwrZ'kkL=kkè;;us¿fi
rs"kkeso eqgwrZ'kkL=kL;kfi T;ksfr"k'kkL=ks lekgkjkr~A iwoZfLeu~ [k.Ms Hkof‰% ifBra ;r~ osnkuka
"kMÄõs"kq p{kq:is.k T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; ifjdYiuk orZrsA
r=k vè;;us lehphuf'k";k ,o vè;kI;k u rq Ñr?ukn;%A T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL;
lejlkjxzUFks ;Fkk mDre~ µ
uSrn~ns;a nq£ouhrk; tkrq Kkua xqIra rf¼ lE;o~Q iQyk;A
vLFkkus fg LokI;ekuSo okpka nsoh dksikfÂnZgsÂks fpjk;AA
fou;kourk; nh;ekuk izHkosRdYiyrso lRiQyk;A
miÑR;uqfpUrdkfu 'kkL=kk.;qidkjL; ina fg lkèkqjsoAA
vFkkZr~ vL; 'kkL=kL; Kkua nq£ouhrk; f'k";k; u ns;e~A ;rks fg
mDre~µ ¶fo|k nnkfr fou;e~A¸ ,rkn`'kh ½"kh.kka 'kk'orha ijEijka ifjiky;rka fouhra
iq#"keso Kkuesrr~ ns;e~A fou;kork; nh;ekuk ,"kk fo|k dYiyrk bo lRiQynk
HkofrA vlw;dk; 'kBk; p ,"kk fo|k u ns;kA ;fn ,rkn`'kk; iq#"kk; Kkuesrr~ nh;rs
psr~ v'kqHka iQya HkofrA vk;q"k% lqÑR;kuka p uk'ka HkofrA ;FkksDra HkkLdjkpk;sZ.k µ
uSrn~}sf"kÑr?unqtZunqjkpkjkfpjkokfluka
L;knk;q% l`Ñr{k;ks eqfuÑrka lhekfeekeqT>r%AA
nqtZuiq#"kk; nqjkpkfj.ks p Kkuesrr~ u ns;e~ rs nqjkpkfj.k% 'kkL=kL;
rÙoe~ vKkRok ,o vkRekua nSoK% mDRok tuku~ o×ÓfUrA ,rkn`'kkuka tukuka û{k=klwpd%*
laKk vkpk;Zojkgfefgjs.k iznÙkkA bnkuhUrus dkys ,rkn`'kkuka u{k=klwpdkuka ckgqY;efLr
;FkksDre~ µ
frF;qRi¯Ùk u tkufUr xzgk.kka uSo lkèkue~A
ijokD;su orZUrs rs oS u{k=klwpdk%AA
,rS% u{k=klwpoSQ% fu£n"Vs nqeqZgwrsZ ;fn df'pr~ Lodh;a dk;± lEikn;fr]
rnkuha rL; dk;ZL; uk'k% Hkofr rFkk l% vUèkrkfelz ukeosQ ujosQ irfr µ
u{k=klwpdksfí"Veqiokla djksfr ;%A
l oztUR;Uèkrkfelza lkèkZe`{kfoMfEcukAA
,oa izdkjs.k vfèkdkjhfo"k;s mDre~A vija p osQ"kk×Óu~ vkpk;kZ.kka
10 erefLr ;r~ vL; 'kkL=kL; ftKklq% vfèkdkjh] l p f}t% ukU;%A v=k f}t 'kCns ¯d
xzkárs bfr iz'us lfr fu£n"Ve~ dk'kh[k.Ms µ vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
czkã.kk% {kf=k;k oS';kL=k;ks o.kkZ f}tk% Le`rk%A

izFkea ekr`rks tUe f}rh;a pksiuk;ukr~AA
vFkkZr~ izFkea rq ekr`r% tUe% Hkofr] iq#"k% miu;u laLdkjs.k laLÑrks
HkwRok f}rh;% tUe% izkIuksfrA ,rkn`'kk% lRlaLdkjS% laLÑrk% tuk% vL; 'kkL=kL; vè;;us
vfèkdkfj.k% HkofUrA rFkk p 'kkL=keeZKkrqa ftKklo% vfi vfèkdkfj.k% lfUrA vr%
Hkor% ln`'k% ftKklks% 'kkL=ks¿fLeu~ Lokxra orZrsA
cksèkiz'uk%
1- eqgwrZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; jpukdÙkkZ d%\
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2- JhxksfoUnnSoKsu fyf[krk;k% Vhdk;k% uke fde~\
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3- vuqcUèkprq"V;a fde~\
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4- JhjkenSoKsu xzUFkjpuk;k% ¯d iz;kstueqDre~\
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5- 'kkL=krÙoe~ vKkRokfi ;% vkRekua nSoKa onfr rL; ojkgfefgjs.k dk laKk
iznÙkk\
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6- ¶iz;kstueuqfí'; ------------¸ okD;a iwj;rqA
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5-5 i×ÓkÄõifjp;%
yksosQ xzkes&xzkes tuk% î×ÓkÄõ* 'kCna tkufUrA i×ÓkÄõ'kCnsu izR;sdL; tuL;
eufl nSoKL; gLrs fLFkrk;k% }kn'kjkf'kfp=k;qDrk;k% iqfLrdk;k ,o Lo:ie~ vk;kfrA
ijUrq i×ÓkÄõ'kCnsu T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; ewyHkwrkuka i×ÓrÙokuka xzg.ka HkofrA f=kLdUèkL;
T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; vkèkkj% i×ÓkÄõxf.kreso orZrsA rFkSo eqgwrZ'kkL=kL;kfi ewykèkkj% i×ÓkÄõeso
orZrsA rkfu i×ÓkÄõkfu ,oa lfUr µ
1- frfFk% 2- okj% 3- u{k=ke~ 4- ;ksx% 5- dj.ke~ 11

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% izkphudkys tukuka izfrfnols i×ÓkÄõJo.kL; ekU;rk vklhr~A rs"kka fo'okl%
vklhr~ ;r~ frFks% Jo.kkr~ JhizkfIr%] okjJo.kkr~ vk;q"k% o`f¼% u{k=kJo.kkr~ ikikuka
gj.ka] ;ksxkuka Jo.ksu jksxfuokj.ke~] dj.kJo.ksu dk;Zflf¼% HkofrA ;Fkk izkphukpk;SZ%
mDre~ µ
frFks'pfJ;ekIuksfr okjknk;q";o¼Zue~A
u{k=kk¼jrs ikia ;ksxæksxfuokj.ke~AAA
dj.kkRdk;Zflf¼'p i×ÓkÄõiQyeqP;rsA
,rs"kka i×ÓkÄõkuka fofoèkizdkjs.k la;ksxsu fofoèkkuka 'kqHkkuke~ v'kqHkkuka p eqgwrkZuka
fuekZ.ka HkofrA vr% izR;sdL; vÄõL; lE;o~Q:is.k Kkua eqgwrZ'kkL=kL; vè;;ukr~ iwo±
Hkosr~ ,oA vr% xzUFkkjEHkkr~ iwoZe~ ,rs"kka rÙokuka foLrjs.k o.kZue=k fØ;rsA
5-5-1 frfFkifjp;%
uxjs"kq tuk% bnkuha frfFkfo"k;s vfèkoaQ u tkufUr ;rks fg rs"kak izfrfnua
dk;Z{ks=ks frFkhuke~ mi;ksx% u HkofrA rs vkÄõyh;kuka eklku~ tuojh&iQjojh&vizSy&ebZ
bR;kfn rFkk p rRlacafèkrkfu fnukfu ¶rkjh[k¸ ¶fnukÄï¸ ¶Date¸ ok 'kCnS% ,o
tkufUrA ijUrq izkphudkys ,oa u vklhr~A vkÄõytukuke~ vkxeukr~ iwo± pS=kkfn }kn'keklk%
LohÑrk% vklu~A rs eklk% ,oa lfUr µ
1- pS=k% 2- oS'kk[k% 3- T;s"B% 4- vk"kk<%
5- Jko.k% 6- Hkkæin% 7- vkf'ou% 8- dk£rd%
9- ekxZ'kh"kZ% 10- ikS"k% 11- ek?k% 12- iQkYxqu%
,rs eklk% pUæxR;kfJrk% HkofUrA izR;sdfLeu~ ekls 'kqDyÑ".kHksnkH;ka
i{k};a HkofrA bnkuha eqgrw fZ uèkkZj.ks mRloozrknhuka fuèkkZj.ks p ,rs"kka eklkuke~ ,o iz;ksx% fØ;rsA
izR;sdfLeu~ i{ks i×Ón'kfrFk;% HkofUrA pØekè;esu rklka ukekfu tkuhe%
'kqDyi{ks frfFkØe% Ñ".ki{ks frfFkØe%

1- izfrink 9- uoeh 1- izfrink 9- uoeh
2- f}rh;k 10-n'keh 2- f}rh;k 10-n'keh
3- r`rh;k 11-,dkn'kh 3- r`rh;k 11-,dkn'kh
4- prqFkhZ 12-}kn'kh 4- prqFkhZ 12-}kn'kh
5- i×peh 13-=k;ksn'kh 5- i×peh 13-=k;ksn'kh
6 "k"Bh 14-prqnZ'kh 6 "k"Bh 14-prqnZ'kh
7- lIreh 15-iw£.kek 7- lIreh 30-vekoL;k
8- v"Veh 8- v"Veh
pØs.k Li"VefLr ;r~ };ks% i{k;ks% lokZ% frFk;% lekuk ,o lfUr

osQoya 'kqDyi{kL; vfUrefrfFk% iw£.kek rFkk Ñ".ki{kL; vfUrefrfFk% vekoL;k Hkofr]
v;eso Hksn%A bnkuha frFkhuka fuèkkZj.ka dFka Hkorhfr tkuhe%A
12
lw;ZpUæ;ksZeZè;s }kn'kka'k (12ú) rqY;e~ vUrje~ ,o frfFk% HkofrA vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
,dL;k% frFks% eè;eekua "kf"V% (60)?kfVdkrqY;a HkofrA pUæL; xR;ka U;wukfèkdrk
dkj.kkr~ frfFkekus¿fi U;wukfèkdrk HkofrA ;nk lw;ZpUæ;kseZè;s 'kwU;kUrja Hkofr rnk
vekoL;k HkofrA vuUrja };kseZè;s vUrja oèkZfrA rFkk p ;nk };kseZè;s vUrja }kn'kka'k
(12ú) rqY;a Hkofr rnk 'kqDyi{kL; izfrinkfrFks% lekfIr% Hkofr f}rh;kfrFks'p
vkjEHk% HkofrA ;nk lw;ZpUæ;kseZè;s vUrja (24ú) prq²o'kfr&va'krqY;a Hkofr rnk
'kqDyi{kL; f}rh;kfrFks% lekfIr% r`rh;kfrFks'p izkjEHk% HkofrA ,oe~ 12ú x 15 ¾
180ú rqY;a Hkofr rnk iw£.kekfrFks% lekfIr% Hkofr rFkk Ñ".ki{kL; izfrink;k% vkjEHk%
HkofrA rr% iqu% ;nk };kseZè;s vUrja 192ú f}uoR;fèkd'krka'krqY;a Hkofr rnk
Ñ".ki{kL; izfrinkfrFks% lekfIr% HkofrA
;nk lw;ZpUæ;kseZè;s vUrja 30 x 12 ¾ 360ú "k"VÔkfèkdf=k'krrqY;a
Hkofr vFkkZr~ };ks% vUrja 'kwU;a Hkofr rnk vekoL;kfrFks% iw.kZrk rFkk iqu% f}rh;L;
eklL; 'kqDyi{kL; izfrinkfÙkFks% vkjEHk% HkofrA pØ:is.k ljyr;k Li"Va Hkfo";fr µ
'kqDyi{ksfrFk;%
frfFk frfFk frfFk frfFk

lw;k±'kkr~ pUækUrje~ lw;k±'kkr~ pUækUrje~
Øe% uke Øe% uke
1 izfrink 0ú r% ûüú i;ZUre~ 9 uoeh ùöú r%ûúøú i;ZUre~
2 f}rh;k ûüú r% üþú i;ZUre~ 10 n'keh ûúøú r%ûüúú i;ZUre~
ú ú ú ú
3 r`rh;k üþ r% ýö i;ZUre~ 11 ,dkn'kh ûüú r%ûýü i;ZUre~
4 prqFkhZ ýöú r% þøú i;ZUre~ 12 }kn'kh ûýüú r%ûþþú i;ZUre~
ú ú
5 i×peh þøú r% öúú i;ZUre~ 13 =k;ksn'kh ûþþ r%ûÿö i;ZUre~
6 "k"Bh öúú r% ÷üú i;ZUre~ 14 prqnZ'kh ûÿöú r%ûöøú i;ZUre~
7 lIreh ÷üú r% øþú i;ZUre~ 15 i×pn'kh ûöøú r%ûøúú i;ZUre~
ú ú
8 v"Veh øþ r% ùö i;ZUre~
Ñ".ki{ks fo"k;%
frfFk frfFk frfFk frfFk

lw;k±'kkr~ pUækUrje~ lw;k±'kkr~ pUækUrje~
Øe% uke Øe% uke
ú ú ú ú
1 izfrink ûøú r%ûùü i;ZUre~ 9 uoeh ü÷ö r%üøø i;ZUre~
ú ú ú ú
2 f}rh;k ûùü r%üúø i;ZUre~ 10 n'keh üøø r%ýúú i;ZUre~
ú ú ú ú
3 r`rh;k üúø r%üûö i;ZUre~ 11 ,dkn'kh ýúú r%ýûü i;ZUre~
4 prqFkhZ üûöú r%üüøú i;ZUre~ 12 ú ú
}kn'kh ýûü r%ýüþ i;ZUre~
ú ú ú ú
5 i×peh üüø r%üþú i;ZUre~ 13 =k;ksn'kh ýüþ r%ýýö i;ZUre~
ú ú ú ú
6 "k"Bh üþú r%üÿü i;ZUre~ 14 prqnZ'kh ýýö r%ýþø i;ZUre~
ú ú ú ú
7 lIreh üÿü r%üöþ i;ZUre~ 15 vekoL;k ýþø r%ýöú i;ZUre~
ú
ú ú
üöþ r%ü÷ö i;ZUre~ ýöú vUrjs lfr 'kwU;kUrja ,o
8 v"Veh
vof'k"Va HkofrA
frFkhuka laKk] vfèkirhuka p fo"k;s Hkoku~ vxzs ifB";frA ,rkor~ iBusu frFks%
lS¼kfUrd:is.k ifjp;% Hkork izkIr%A 13

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 5-5-2 okjifjp;%
vkèkqfudx.kuk;ka fnuL; vkjEHk% jk=kkS }kn'koknur% Hkofr ijUrq
Hkkjrh;T;ksfr"kkuqlkja uwruL; fnolL; izkjEHk% lw;ksZn;kr~ ,o HkofrA vLekoaQ Hkkjrh;kuka
laLÑrkS izkr%dkys uwrulw;ZL; n'kZuo'kknso uwruL; fnuL; vkjEHk%A ,dLekr~ lw;ksZn;kr~
vkjH; f}rh;a lw;ksZn;a ;kor~ dkya ôklj%* ^vgksjk=k* 'kCnsu ok Kk;rsA vr% lEiw.kZL;
fnolL; ôkj* laKk izkphukpk;SZ% iznÙkkA rs p okjk% lIr lfUr &
1- jfooklj% 2- lkseoklj% 3- eÄõyoklj%
4- cqèkoklj% 5- c`gLifroklj% 6- 'kqØoklj%
7- 'kfuoklj%A
,oa izdkjs.k jkgqosQrw ifjR;T; lIrxzgk.kka lIrokljk% fuèkkZfjrk%A ijUrq
iz'u% leqnsfr ;r~ fdeFk± lkseokljkuUrja eÄõyoklj ,o\ 'kqØokljkuUrja 'kfuoklj
,o\ ,rs"kak okjk.kka Øe% dFka fuèkkZfjre~\ ,rs"kka iz'ukuka lekèkkua fl¼kUrT;ksfr"k'kkL=ks
izkI;rsA izkphukpk;kZ.kka erkuqlkjs.k vgksjk=ks prq²o'kfrgksjk% HkofUrA l`"VÔkjEHks ;rks fg
loZizFkea lw;ZL; n'kZueHkor~ vr% izFkek gksjk lw;ZL; ,o vklhr~A rFkk p fnukjEHks ;L;
xzgL; gksjk Hkofr rL;So okj% HkofrA ;rks fg l`"VÔknkS izFkek gksjk lw;ZL; vklhr~ vr%
izFke% okj% lw;ZL; jfookj% vklhr~A rFkk p d{kkØes.k Øe'k% gksjk.kka Lokfeu% vHkou~A
vr% okjØeKkukFksZ xzgk.kka d{kkØeL; Kkueko';defLrA d{kkØefo"k;s fl¼kUr xzUFks"kq
fyf[kre~ µ
¶jfotkejsT;Hkwiq=klw;Z'kqoszQUnqtsUno%¸
vFkkZr~ loksiZ fj 'kuS'pjL; d{kk] rLekRiwo± xqjks%] rrks¿èk% HkkSeL;] rLeknèk%
lw;LZ ; d{kk] rrks¿èk% 'kqØL;] rr% cqèkL;] rr'p pUæL; d{kk orZrAs HkkSfrd n`"VÔk ;fn
i';ke'psr~ vkdk'ks xzgk.kka ,rkn`'kh fLFkfr% ukfLr] ijUrq ,rs"kka xzgk.kka xR;uqlkjs.k ,"k%
d{kkØe% fuèkkZfjra orZrAs vr% d{kkØekuqlkjs.k gksjk.kke~ vfèkir;% HkofUrA l`"VÔknkS izFkek
gksjk lw;LZ ; vklhr~] d{kkØekuqlkjs.k f}rh;k gksjk 'kqØL; vHkor~] r`rh;k cqèkL;] prqFkZgksjk
pUæL;] i×Óek gksjk 'kuS'pjL;] "k"Bh gksjk xqjks%] lIreh gksjk HkkSeL; ,oeso izdkjs.k vkfnus
prq²o'kfrgksjk.kka Lokfeu% vHkou~A prq²o'kR;k% gksjk;k% Lokeh cqèk% vHkor~A vr% i×Ó¯o'kR;k%
gksjk;k% Lokeh pUæ% vHkor~A vr% f}rh;L; fnolL; vfèkifr% pUæ% ,o f}rh;L;
okjL; Lokeh vHkor~ vr% jfookljkuUrja lkseokj% vkxr%A rFkSo iqu% f}rh;L; fnolL;
izFkek;k% gksjk;k% vfèkifr% pUæ%] f}rh;k;k% gksjk;k% 'kfu% ,oeso x.ku;k f}rh;L;
fnolL; prq²o'kR;k% gksjk;k% Lokeh c`gLifr% rFkk i×Ó¯o';k% gksjk;k% Lokeh HkkSe% vHkor~
vFkkZr~ r`rh;L; fnolL; izFkek;k% gksjk;k% Lokeh eÄõy vHkor~A vr% r`rh;% okj%
HkkSeoklj% vHkor~A ,oa Øes.k vU;s¿fi okjk% fuèkkZfjrk%A
vL;So foèks% fdf×Ór~ y?kqjhR;k izfriknua Ñra lw;Zfl¼kUrxzUFks µ
¶eUnknèk% Øes.k L;q% prqFkkZ fnolkfèkik%¸
vFkkZr~ xzgd{kkØes.k prqFkkZ% fnolkfèkik% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ HkkSeokljkr~
ijL; fnolL; Lokeh d{kkØes HkkSer% prqFkZ% xzg% Hkfo";frA ;rks fg d{kkØe% &
'kfu&xq#&HkkSe&lw;Z&'kqØ&cqèk pUæ% ,oa vfLrA vr% HkkSer% prqFkZ% ûHkkSe & ülw;Z &
ý
'kqØ & þcqèkA cqèk% vfxzeL; okjL; izFkek;k% gksjk;k% Lokeh vr% HkkSeokljkuUrja
14
cqèkoklj% vHkor~A rFkSo cqèkr% prqFkZ% ûcqèk & üpUæ & ý'kfu & þxq#%] xq#% vfLrA vr% vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
cqèkokljkuUrja xq#oklj% vHkor~A rFkSo xq#r% prqFkZ% 'kqØ%] 'kqØr% prqFkZ% 'kfu% ,oa
Øes.k lw;Z & pUæ & eÄõy & cqèk & xq# & 'kqØ & 'ku;% bR;soa okjØe% fu£er%A
,rs"kka okjk.kka oSf'k"VÔa ] ÑR;kÑR;dk;kZf.k vkfn fo"k;k% vxzs iBke%A
,oa izdkjs.k i×ÓkÄõs frfFkokj;ks% fo"k;s Hkork ifBrk%A bnkuha u{k=kk.kka Kkua dfj";frA
5-6 u{k=kifjp;%
izkphukpk;SZ% vkdk'ks T;ksfr£i.Mkuka lw{e:is.k nh?kZdkyi;ZUre~ vUos"k.ka Ñre~A
rnkuha rS% Kkra ;r~ vkdk'ks osQpu~ T;ksfreZ;fi.Mk% lrr:is.k x¯r oqQoZfUr rs"kak
xfr'khykuka T;ksfrfi.Mkuka xzg%] mYdk%] èkweosQrq% bR;kfn laKk iznÙkkA ijUrq osQpu~
T;ksfreZ;fi.Mk% loZnk LoLFkkus fLFkjk% ,o n`"Vk%A rs"kak fi.Mkuka dnkfpnfi {kj.ka u
n`"Ve~A rs"kka fi.Mkuka ¶u{k=k¸ laKk vkpk;SZ% iznÙkkA ;L;kFkZ% Hkofrµ ¶u {kjrhfr
u{k=ke~¸ ;s"kka {kj.ka u Hkofr rkfu u{k=kkf.k A ,rkn`'kkuke~ vla[;kuka n'kZua vUrfj{ks
HkofrA ijUrq rs"kq u{k=ks"kq izHkkoksRikndkuka eq[;u{k=kk.kka p;ua Loh;k vUrnZ`"VÔk vkpk;SZ%
Ñre~A rs"kka u{k=kk.kka rkjdk.kka esyusu fofoèkkuke~ vkÑrhuka n'kZue~ vHkor~ rFkk p rs"kka
'kqHkk'kqHkL; izHkkoL;kfi Kkua rS% Ñre~ rFkk lIr¯o'kfrHkkxs"kq lEiw.kZu{k=ke.MyL; foHkktua
oSfnddkys ,o ½f"kfHk% Ñre~A u{k=kpØL; iw.kZekua 360ú va'kkReoaQ HkofrA vr%
3600
lIr¯o'kfrfoHkkxs Ñrs lfr ¾ 13ú va'k @20A dyk ,dL; u{k=kL; ekua izkI;rsA
27
,dL; u{k=kL;kfi pRokfj inkfu HkofUrA rRina u{k=kL; pj.k:is.k vfi Kk;rsA vr%
130 @20A
,dL; pj.kL; ekue~ µ ¾ 3ú@20A HkofrA tkrdL; tUedkys ;fLeu~ u{k=ks
4
pUæek Hkofr rnso tkrdL; tUeu{k=ka HkofrA ikB~ÔØeL; u{k=kizdj.ki=ks Hkoku~
u{k=kk.kka fo"k;s foLrjs.k ifBrqa 'kDuksfrA vr% v=k osQoya lkèkkj.ka ifjp;a izeq[kku~ fo"k;ka
ikB~ÔrsA oSfnddkys }kn'kjkf'k.kks ukekfu u izkI;Urs ijUrq lIr¯o'kfru{k=kk.kka o.kZuefLrA
vusu fl¼;fr ;r~ loZizFkea u{k=kk.kka ,oa Kkueklhr~] vuUrje~ vUrfj{kL; }kn'kHkkxs"kq
foHkktua Ñre~A rs"kka lIr¯o'kfru{k=kk.kka ukekfu ,oa lfUr & 1- vf'ouh% 2- Hkj.kh
3- ÑfÙkdk 4- jksfg.kh 5- e`xf'kjk 6- vkækZ 7- iquoZlq% 8- iq";% 9- vk'ys"kk 10- e?kk
11- iwokZiQkYxquh 12- mÙkjkiQkYxquh 13- gLr% 14- fp=kk 15- Lokrh 16- fo'kk[kk
17- vuqjkèkk 18- T;s"Bk 19- ewye~ 20- iwokZ"kk<k 21- mÙkjk"kk<+k 22- Jo.k%
23- èkfu"Bk 24- 'krfHk"kk 25- iwokZHkkæin~ 26- mÙkjkHkkæin~ 27- jsorhA
5-6-1 u{k=kk.kka fofoèkk% laKk%

eqgwÙkZxzUFks"kq u{k=kk.kka izÑfr&izHkkoo'kkr~ fofoèks"kq foHkkxs"kq oxhZdj.ka
Ñre~A rs"kq u{k=ks"kq lekizÑfrdu{k=kk.kke~ ,dk fof'k"VlaKk iznÙkkA rklka laaKkuka
eqgwÙkZfuèkkZj.ks iQydFkus p egr~ egÙoe~ HkofrA rr~ foHkktue~ ,rs"kq lewgs"kq orZrs µ
1- èkzoq u{k=kkf.k 2- pju{k=kkf.k 3- mxzu{k=kkf.k
4- feJu{k=kkf.k 5- f{kizu{k=kkf.k 6- e`nuq {k=kkf.k
7- rh{.ku{k=kkf.k 8- ÅèoZe[q ku{k=kkf.k 9- vèkkse[q ku{k=kkf.k
15

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 10- fr;ZÄ~eq[ku{k=kkf.k 11- vUèkk{ku{k=kkf.k 12- eè;k{ku{k=kkf.k
13- eUnk{ku{k=kkf.k 14- lqykspuu{k=kkf.k
15- ekl'kwU;u{k=kkf.k bR;kfnA
,rs"kka fo"k;s u{k=kizdj.ks foLrjs.k Hkoku~ ifB";frA v=k u{k=kk.kka
laKkcksèkdlkfj.kh izn';Zrs µ
laKk u{k=kkf.k
/zqoa&fLFkje~ m-iQkYxquh]m-"kk<k]m-Hkkæin~]jksfg.kh
pja&pye~ Lokrh]iquoZlq%]Jo.k%]/fu"Bk]'krfHk"kk
mxaz&ozwQje~ iw-iQkYxquh]iw-"kk<k]iw-Hkkæin~]Hkj.kh]e?kk
feJa&lk/kj.ke~ fo'kk[kk]ÑfÙkdk
f{kiza&y?kq% gLr%]vf'ouh]iq";%]vfHkftr~
e`nq%&eS=ke~ e`xf'kjk]jsorh]fp=kk]vuqjk/k
rh{.ka&nk#.ke~ ewye~]T;s"Bk]vkækZ]vk'ys"kk
v/kseq[ke~ ewye~]vk'ys"kk]fo'kk[kk]ÑfÙkdk]iwokZ=k;e~]Hkj.kh]e?kk
ÅèoZeq[ke~ vkækZ]iq";%]Jo.k%]/fu"Bk]'krfHk"kk]mÙkjk=k;e~]jksfg.kh
fr;ZÄ~eq[ke~ e`xf'kjk]jsorh]fp=kk]vuqjk/k]gLr%]Lokrh]iquoZlq%]vf'ouh]T;s"Bk
5-6-2 u{k=kk.kke~ vfèkir;%

izkphukpk;SZ% u{k=kk.kka Lo:ifo"k;s] r=k rkjdk.kka laKk u{k=kk.kka Lokfeu%
p fu£n"Vk%A rs"kka u{k=kkfèkirhuka iz;ksx% u{k=kk.kka i;kZ;'kCnkuka fØ;rsA lkfjnSjfi ,rr~ lo±
ljyjhR;k Kkrqa 'kD;rsA vr% lkfj.kh v=k izLrw;rs µ
16
vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
Ø- rkjk u{k=kL;
u{k=ke~ nsork
la la[;k vk/qfud uke
1 vf'ouh 3 vf'ouhoqQekjkS Beta Arietis
2 Hkj.kh 3 ;e% 41 Arietis
3 Ñfrdk 6 vfXu% Beta Tauri
4 jksfg.kh 5 czãk Aldebaran
5 e`xf'kjk 3 pUæek Lambda Orionis
6 vkækZ 1 #æ% (f'ko) Alfa Orionis
7 iquoZlq% 4 vkfnR;% Beta Pollux
8 iq";% 3 c`gLifr% Delta Caneri
9 vk'ys"kk 5 liZ% Zeta Hydrae
10 e?kk 5 firj% Regulus
11 iw-iQk- 2 Hkx% Delta Leonis
12 m-iQk- 2 v;Zek Denebola
13 gLr% 5 lw;Z% Delta Cowi
14 fp=kk 1 fo'odekZ Spice
15 Lokrh 1 ok;q% Arcturus
16 fo'kk[kk 4 bUækfXu% Alpha Librae
17 vuqjk/k 4 fe=k% (lw;Z%) Delta Scorpei
18 T;s"Bk 3 bUæ% Antares
19 ewye~ 11 fu½Zfr% Lambada
20 iwokZ"kk<k 2 tye~ Delta Sagiltari
21 mÙkjk"kk<k 2 fo'osnsok Phi Sagiltari
22 vfHkftr~ 3 czãk Vega
23 Jo.k 3 fo".kq Altair
24 /fu"Bk 4 olq% Alpha Delphinus
25 'krfHk"kk 100 o#.k% Lambada Aquari
26 iw-Hkkæin 2 vtSdikn~ Narkab
27 m-Hkkæin 2 vfgcqZèU;% Alginib
28 jsorh 32 iw"kk Zeta Pisuim
17

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% cksèkiz'uk%
7- T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; i×ÓkÄõkfu dkfu\
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8- dj.kkuka Jo.ksu ¯d iQya Hkofr\
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9- Ñ".ki{kL; vfUrefrFks% uke fde~\
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10- 'kU;uUrja dL; xzgL; d{kk Hkofr\
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11- feJlaKdu{k=kkf.k dkfu\
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5-7 ;ksxifjp;%
lw;ZpUæ;ks% jk';a'k;ks% ;ksx% ;nk 13ú va'k 20A dyk (vFkkZr~ 800 dyk)
rqY;a Hkofr rnk ,d% ;ksx% HkofrA vFkkZr~ lw;ZpUæ;ks% ;ksx% ;koRdkysu 800 dyk%
HkofUr] rL; dkyL; ;ksxlaKk HkofrA lEiw.kZL; HkpØL; ekua 360 va'kkReoaQ Hkofr
3600
vr% ,dfLeu~ HkpozsQ ¾ 27 lIr¯o'kfr;ksxk% HkofUrA
13ú@20A
vFkkZr~ ;nk lw;ZpUæ;ks% jk';a'k;ks% ;ksx% 13ú@20A rqY;a Hkofr rnk izFke% ;ksx%
tk;rsA rFkk p ;nk };ks% ;ksx% 26ú@40A rqY;a Hkofr rnk f}rh;L; ;ksxL; lekfIr%
HkofrA rFkk p ;nk };ks% ;ksx% 40ú@00 va'krqY;a Hkofr rnk r`rh;L; ;ksxL; lekfIr%
HkofrA ,oeso 13ú@20A ;kstukr~ 360ú va'ki;ZUra lIr¯o'kfr;ksxk% HkofUrA ;Fkk
u{k=kk.kke~ vfèkir;% lfUr rFkSo ,rs"kka lIr¯o'kfr;ksxkukefi vfèkir;% lfUrA
5-7-1 ;ksxkuka 'kqHkk'kqHkRoKkue~

;Fkk u{k=kk.kka izÑfro'kkr~ rs"kka ozwQj&e`nq&rh{.kkfnlaKk% HkofUr rFkSo
;ksxs"ofi osQpu~ 'kqHk;ksxk% osQpu~ p v'kqHk;ksxk% HkofUrA rs"kka 'kqHkk'kqHk;ksxkuka izÑR;uqlkjs.k
'kqHkk'kqHkdk;kZf.k lEik|UrsA ,rs"kka ;ksxkuka ;Fkk ukekfu lfUr rFkSo rs"kka iQykfu HkofUr
vFkok iQykuqxq.keso rs"kka ;ksxkuka ukekfu fu£n"Vkfu lfUrA ;ksxkuka ukekfu Lokfeu%
'kqHkk'kqHkRo×Ó lkfj.;k Li"Va Hkfo";fr &
18
Ø- 'kqHk Ø- 'kqHk vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
;ksx Lokeh v'kqHkRo ;ksx Lokeh v'kqHkRo
la- la-
1 fo"koqQEHk% ;e% v'kqHk% 15 otz% o#.k% v'kqHk%
2 izhfr% fo".kq% 'kqHk% 16 flf¼% x.ks'k% 'kqHk%
3 vk;q"eku~ pUæ% 'kqHk% 17 O;rhikr% #æ% v'kqHk%
4 LkkSHkkX;% czãk% 'kqHk% 18 ojh;ku% oqQcsj% 'kqHk%
5 'kksHku% c`gLifr% 'kqHk% 19 ifj?k% fo'odekZ v'kqHk%
6 vfrx.M pUæ% v'kqHk% 20 f'ko% fe=k% 'kqHk%
7 lqdekZ bUæ% 'kqHk% 21 fl¼% dk£rosQ;% 'kqHk%
8 /`fr% tye~ 'kqHk% 22 lkè;% lkfo=kh 'kqHk%
9 'kwy% liZ% v'kqHk% 23 'kqHk% y{eh 'kqHk%
10 x.M% vfXu% v'kqHk% 24 'kqDy% ikoZrh 'kqHk%
11 o`f¼% lw;Z% 'kqHk% 25 czã% vf'ouh 'kqHk%
oqQekjkS
12 /zqo% Hkwfe% 'kqHk% 26 ,sUæ% firj% v'kqHk%
13 O;k?kkr% ok;q% v'kqHk% 27 oS/`fr% fnfr% v'kqHk%
14 g"kZ.k% Hkx% 'kqHk%
5-8 dj.kifjp;%
frFks% vèk± dj.ka HkofrA vr% ,dL;ka frFkkS dj.k};a HkofrA frfFkekuL;
vèk± dj.kL; ekua HkofrA vkgR; ,dkn'kdj.kkfu HkofUrA rs"kq dj.ks"kq lIrpjdj.kkfu
rFkk pRokfj fLFkjdj.kkfu HkofUrA fLFkjdj.kkfu & 1-'koqQfu% 2-prq"in 3-ukx% 4- ¯dLrq?u%
rFkk pjdj.kkfu & 1-co% 2-ckyo% 3-dkSyo% 4-rSfry% 5-xj% 6-of.kt% 7-fof"V%
HkofUrA 'kqDyi{kizfrink;k% mÙkjkèksZ codj.kL; vkjEHk% HkofrA rRi'pkr~ 'kqDyf}rh;k;k%
iwokZèksZ ckyo%] mÙkjkèksZ dkSyodj.ke~A ,oeso Øes.k prqFkhZfrF;k% mÙkjkèksZ fof"Vdj.ke~]
iqu% i×ÓehfrFks% iwokZèkkZr~ co&ckyo&dkSyo&rSfry&xj&of.kt&fof"V dj.kkfu Øe'k%
HkofUrA rr% ija Ñ".ki{kL; prqnZ';k% iwokZ¼Zi;ZUra ,"k% ,o Øe% izpyfrA Ñ".kprqnZ';k%
mÙkjkèkkZr~ fLFkjdj.kkuka izkjEHk% HkofrA Ñ".kprqnZ';k% mÙkjkèkZs 'koqQfu%] vekoL;k;k%
iwokZèksZ prq"in%] mÙkjkèksZ ukx% rFkk p 'kqDyizfrink;k% iwokZèksZ ¯dLrq?udj.ka HkofrA
19

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 5-8-1 dj.kcksèkpØe~
'kqDyi{k% Ñ".ki{k%
frfFk% iwokZ/Ze~ mÙkjk/Ze~ frfFk% iwokZ/Ze~ mÙkjk/Ze~
1 ¯dLrq?u% co% 1 ckyo% dkSyo%
2 ckyo% dkSyo% 2 rSfry% xj%
3 rSfry% xj% 3 of.kt% fof"V%
4 of.kt% fof"V% 4 co% ckyo%
5 co% ckyo% 5 dkSyo% rSfry%
6 dkSyo% rSfry% 6 xj% of.kt%
7 xj% of.kt% 7 fof"V% co%
8 fof"V% co% 8 ckyo% dkSyo%
9 ckyo% dkSyo% 9 rSfry% xj%
10 rSfry% xj% 10 of.kt% fof"V%
11 of.kt% fof"V% 11 co% ckyo%
12 co% ckyo% 12 dkSyo rSfry%
13 dksyo% rSfry% 13 xj% of.kt%
14 xj% of.kt% 14 fof"V% 'kqoQq fu%
15 fof"V% co% 15 prq"in% ukx%
cksèkiz'uk%
12- ,dL; ;ksxL; ekua fd;n~ Hkofr\
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13- dfr ;ksxk% HkofUr\
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14- fLFkjdj.kkuka ukekfu ys[;kfu\
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15- 'koqQfudj.ka dnk Hkofr\
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16- pjdj.kkfu dfr lfUr\
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20
5-9 lkjka'k% vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; f=kLdUèks"kq lafgrkLdUèkkUrZxra eqgwrZ'kkL=kL; lekos'k% orZrsA

eqgwrZ'kkL=ks¿fi LorU=k:is.k cgoks xzUFkk% fyf[krk%A rs"kq xzUFks"kq Js"Bre% JhjkenSoKÑr~
eqgwrZfpUrkef.kxzUFk%A rL; xzUFkL; vk|izdj.ka 'kqHkk'kqHkk[;izdj.ke~A rfLeu~ izdj.ks
lIri×Ók'kr~ 'yksosQ"kq o£.krfofoèkkuka fo"k;k.kka lf{kIrifjp;% ikBs¿fLeu~ ifBr%A dL;kfi
'kkL=kL; xzUFkL; ok vuqcUèkprq"VÔa HkofrA r=k izFkea fo"k;%] f}rh;a fo"k;iBuL;
iz;kstua] r`rh;a lEcUèkKkue~] prqFk± fo"k;iBuL; ;ksX;rk vfèkdkja p KkrO;e~A 'kkL=kiBuL;
;ksX;rk vfèkdkja p izkI;kuUrja 'kkL=kL; ewyfo"k;k.kka Kkueko';oaQ HkofrA vr% xzUFkizo's kkr~
iwo± eqgwrZ'kkL=kL; ewyHkwrkuka rÙokuka Kkue~ vko';oaQ HkofrA vr% ikBs¿fLeu~
frfFk&okj&;ksx&u{k=k&dj.k:is.k i×ÓkÄõkuka ifjp;% ikBs iznÙk%A ,dfLeu~ ekls i{k};s
i×Ón'k &i×Ón'k frFk;%] rs"kka ukekfu] lS¼kfUrdO;k[;k p ifBrkA okjk.kka fuèkkZj.ka]
d{kkØe%] okjØe% p ifBr%A u{k=kk.kka ifjp;%] rs"kka fofoèkk% laKk%] vfèkir;%]
vkèkqfudukekfu vfi ifBrkfuA ;su vkdk'ks izk;ksfxd:is.k n'kZus lkSfoè;a Hkfo";frA ;rks
fg vkèkqfud;U=ks"kq rkjk.kke~ vkÄõyukekfu ,o nh;UrsA vr% vkèkqfudukEuk u{k=kk.kka
fLFk¯r Kkrqa 'kD;rsA fo"oqQEHkkfn lIr¯o'kfr;ksxkuka fuèkkZj.kizfØ;k] Lokfeu%] 'kqHkk'kqHkRoa
p ifBre~A frF;èkZekua dj.ka HkofrA dj.kkuka fuèkkZj.ka cksèkpØekè;esu ifBre~A ,oa
izdkjs.k eqgwrZ'kkL=ks ikBL;kL; vè;;usu lE;o~Q:is.k izos'k% tkr%A eqgwÙkZfo"k;k.kka Kkua
'kkL=kiBus vfèkdkj% 'kkL=kiz;kstua lEcUèk% i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p eq[;Rosu vfLeu~ ikBs
ifBrk%A
5-10 'kCnkoyh
1- laf{kIr% ¾ vYik{kjS% fo"k;o.kZue~A
2- lkjkFkZ% ¾ fo"k;L; lkj%A
3- eUn% ¾ vYicqf¼iq#"k%A
4- dyki% ¾ lewg%A
5- oztfUr ¾ xPNfUrA
6- u{k=klwpd% ¾ ;% T;ksfr"ke~ vtkuu~ vfi vkRekua nSoK%
onfr l% iq#"k%A
7- vUèkrkfelz% ¾ ujdfo'ks"kL; ukeA
8- lqÑr ¾ iq.;dk;Ze~A
9- vk;q";oèkZue~ ¾ vk;q"k% o`f¼%A
10- dj.ke~ ¾ frFks% vèk± ekue~A
5-11 lUnHkZxUz Fk%

1- eqgwrZfpUrkef.k%] JheækenSoKfojfpr%] pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh izdk'ku]
okjk.klhA
2- jRuekyk] pkS[kEck laLÑrHkoue~] okjk.klhA 21

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 3- lejlkj%A
4- osnkÄõT;ksfr"ke~A
5- fl¼kUrkf'kjksef.k%A
6- c`gRlafgrkA
7- lw;Zfl¼kUr%A
5-12 lgk;dxzUFkk%
1- jRukoyh] pkS[kEHkk lqjHkkjrhlaLÑrHkoue] okjk.klhA
2- eqgwÙkZekrZ.M%] pkS[kEHkk lqjHkkjrhlaLÑrHkoue] okjk.klhA
3- T;ksfr£onkHkj.ke~ ] pkS[kEHkklaLÑrHkoue] okjk.klhA
4- ukjniqjk.ke~] xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj (m-iz-)A
5- vfXuiqjk.ke~] xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj (m-iz-)A
6- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] 'kÄïdjckyÑ".knhf{kr%] vuqoknd% & f'koukFk>kj[k.Mh
mÙkjizns'kfgUnhlaLFkku] y[kuÅA
1- eqgwrZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; jpukdÙkkZ JhjkenSoK% vfLrA
2- JhxksfoUnnSoKsu fyf[krk;k% Vhdk;k% uke îh;w"kèkkjk Vhdk* orZrsA
3- lEcUèk&fo"k;&iz;kstu vfèkdkjh vuqcUèkprq"V;a HkofrA
4- JhjkenSoKsu xzUFkjpuk;k% iz;kstueqDre~ & ¶fØ;kdykiizfrifÙkgsrq%¸A
5- rL; ojkgfefgjs.k û{k=klwpd* laKk iznÙkk%A
6- iz;kstueuqfí'; eUnks¿fi u izorZrsA
7- frfFk&okj&;ksx&u{k=k&dj.kkfu i×ÓkÄõkfu HkofUrA
8- dj.kkuka Jo.ksu dk;Zflf¼% Hkofr A
9- Ñ".ki{kL; vfUrekfrfFk% vekoL;k HkofrA
10- 'kU;uUrja c`gLirs% d{kk HkofrA
11- fo'kk[kkÑfÙkdku{k=ks feJlaKosQ Hkor%A
12- ,dL; ;ksxL; ekua 13ú@10A HkofrA
13- lIr¯o'kfr% ;ksxk% HkofUrA
14- 'koqQfu%] prq"in~] ukx%] ¯dLrq?u ,rs pRokfj fLFkjdj.kkfu HkofUrA
15- Ñ".ki{kL; prqnZ';k% frFks% mÙkjkèk± 'koqQfudj.ka HkofrA
22
16- lIr pjdj.kkfu HkofUrA vuqcUèkprq"V;a i×ÓkÄõifjp;'p
5-14 vH;kliz'uk%
1- eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.kxzUFks JhjkenSoKL; oSf'k"VÔa fde~\
2- 'kkL=kkjEHks vuqcUèkprq"V;L; dk vko';drk Hkofr\
3- eqgwrZ'kkL=kL; iz;kstua la{ksis.k fy[krqA
4- i×ÓkÄõJo.kL; iQya fy[krqA
5- u{k=kk.kka fofoèkk% laKk fy[krqA
6- lIr¯o'kfr;ksxkuka ukekfu fy[krqA
7- dj.kifjp;a nnkrqA
w
23

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% "k"B% ikB% (frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk fuf"k¼frfFku{k=kk.kka
ifjp;'p)
ikBlajpuk
6-1 izLrkouk
6-2 mís';e~
6-3 eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; eÄõykpj.ke~
6-3-1 eÄõykpj.kL; iz;kstue~
6-3-2 eÄõykpj.kL; lkUo;O;k[;k
6-4 frFkhuka Lokfeu%
6-4-1 frFkh'kkuka iz;kstue~
6-4-2 frFkhuka i;kZ;'kCnk%
cksèkiz'uk%
6-5 frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKk
6-5-1 uUnkfnfrFkhuka iQykfu
6-5-2 uUnkfnfrFkhuka 'kqHkk'kqHkRocksèkpØe~
6-6 jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼frFk;%
6+-6-1 e`R;q;ksxs fo'ks"kfopkj%
6-7 jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼u{k=kkf.k
6-7-1 nXèku{k=kcksèkpØe~
cksèkiz'uk%
6+-8 lkjka'k%
6-9 'kCnkoyh
6-10 lUnHkZxzUFkk%
6-11 lgk;dxzUFkk%
6-13 vH;kliz'uk%
6-1 izLrkouk
iwofZ Leu~ ikBs Hkork eqgÙw kZfpUrkef.k% 'kqHkk'kqHkizdj.kL; fofoèkk% o.;ZZfo"k;k%
ifBrk%A lIri×Ók'kr~'yksosQ"kq osQ"kka eqgwrZlacafèkrkuka rÙokuka lek;kstuefLr bfr Hkoku~
Kkroku~A eqgwÙkZ'kkL=kL; eqgwÙkfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; p vuqcUèkprq"V;fo"k;s Hkork Kkre~A
xzUFkL; fo"k;k%] 'kkL=kiz;kstue~] 'kkL=kL; vfèkdkfj.k%] lEcUèkfo"k;s p ifBre~A eqgÙw kZ'kkL=kL;
ewyHkwrkuka i×ÓkÄõkuka foLrjs.k o.kZua p ifBre~A frfFkokj;ksxu{k=kdj.kkuka lS¼kfUrdO;k[;k
p Hkork ifBrkA ,rs"kka i×ÓkÄõkuke~ ,o fofoèkizdkjs.k lacaèko'kkr~ losZ"kka 'kqHkk'kqHkeqgwÙkkZuka
fuekZ.ka HkofrA vfLeu~ "k"Bs ikBs Hkoku~ xzUFkL; fu£o?ulekIR;Fk± JhjkenSoKSu ÑrL;
eÄõykpj.kL; vè;;ua dfj";frA ;Fkk iwoZfLeu~ ikBs Hkork Kkra ;r~ ys[kd%
laf{kIrlkj#i'kCnkuka iz;ksxs.k fo"k;a izfrikn;frA rFkSo eÄõykpj.ks¿fi nSoKsu LoizfrHkk;k%
izn'kZua ÑrefLrA vuUrja frFkhuka Lokfeu%] i;kZ;'kCnk%] uUnkfnlaKk%] rs"kak 'kqHkk'kqHkiQye~]
fuf"k¼u{k=kkf.k] fo"k;s¿fLeu~ izkphukpk;kZ.kka erkfu bR;kfnfo"k;ku~ vfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~
ifB";frA ,rs"kq fo"k;s"kq ;=k oqQ=kkfi fo'ks"kO;k[;k;k% vko';drk vHkor~ r=k
Vhdkdkjs.kksfYy[kkrkuka izkphukuke~ vkpk;kZ.kka erkuka foospua p ÑrefLr] ;su fo"k;L;
xgur;k lE;o~Q vocksèkua L;kr~A vr% nÙkfpÙksu lkoèkkur;k v;a ikB% iBuh;%A
24
6-2 mís';e~ frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk
fuf"k¼frfFku{k=kk.kka ifjp;'p
Ø JhjkenoSKsu fyf[krL; eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; eÄõykpj.kL; oSf'k"VÔa
izfriknus oqQ'kyks Hkfo";frA
Ø frFkh'kkuka fu.kZ;s {ke% Hkfo";frA
Ø frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKk% rklka iQYkkfu p fu:if;rqa leFkksZ Hkfo";frA
Ø jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼frFkhuka fu.kZ;s{ke% Hkfo";frA
Ø jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼kuka u{k=kk.kka fuèkkkZj.ks iVq% Hkfo";frA
Ø 'kqHkk'kqHkeqgwrZdFkus leFkZ% Hkfo";frA
6-3 eqgrw fZ pUrkef.kxzUFkL; eÄõykpj.ke~

ys[kdksDreÄõykpj.kL; vè;ukr~ iwo± fdeFk± eÄõykpj.keko';dfefr tkuhe%A
6-3-1 eÄõykpj.kL; iz;kstue~

vkfLrdk% tuk% losZ"kka dk;kZ.kke~ vkjEHkkr~ iwoZe~ bZ'oja LejfUrA ;su
rRdk;± fu£o?ur;k lEiÂ% Hkosr~A rFkSo ys[kdk% vfi xzUFkkjEHkkr~ iwoZe~ b"VL;
vkjkèkukiwoZoaQ ueLdkjLo:ia eÄõykpj.ka oqQoZfUrA ;su rs"kka xzUFkL; fu£o?urkiwoZoaQ
lekfIr% L;kr~A O;kdj.kegkHkk";dkjs.k fu£n"Va ;r~ xzUFkL; vkjEHks eè;s vUrs p
eÄõykpj.ke~ vo';eso drZO;e~A ;FkksDre~ µ
eÄõyknhfu eÄõyeè;kfu eÄõykUrkfu p 'kkL=kkf.kA
izFkUrs ohjiq#"kkf.k HkoUR;k;q"eRiq#"kkf.k pAA
rPp eÄõykpj.ka f=kfoèkeqDre~ µ 1- vk'khokZn:ia 2- ueLdkj:ia
3-oLrqfunsZ'k:ia pA ;Fkk egkdfonf.Muk dkO;kn'kZxzUFks mDre~ µ
vk'khuZefLØ;koLrqfunsZ'kks okfi rUeq[ke~A bfrA
eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; vkjEHks JhjkenSoK% Jhx.ks'knsork¿¿'khokZn:ia
eÄõykpj.ka djksfrA
6-3-2 eÄõykpj.kL; lkUo;O;k[;k

xzUFkdÙkkZ fo?ugÙkq% x.kuk;dL; miklukLo:ia ueLdkjiwooZ Qa eÄõykpj.ke~
,oa djksfr µ
xkSjhJo%osQrdi=kHkÄõekÑ"; gLrsu nèkUeq[kkxzsA
fo?ua eqgwrkZdfyrf}rh;nUrizjksgks gjrq f}ikL;%AA
inPNsn%
xkSjh@Jo%@osQrd@i=k@HkÄõe~@vkÑ";@gLrsu@nnr~@eq[k@vxzs@fo?ue~@eqgwrZ@
vkdfyr@f}rh;nUr@izjksg%@gjrq@f}i@vkL;%A
25

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% vUo;%
xkSjhJo%osQrdi=kHkÄõa gLrsu vkÑ"; eq[kkxzs nnr~ eqgwrkZdfyr%
f}rh;nUrizjksg% f}ikL;% (vLen~) fo?ua gjrqA
izfrinkFkZ%
xkSjh ¾ ikoZrh rL;k%] Jo% ¾ d.kkSZ] r;ks% fLFkra] osQrdi=ka ¾
osQrdho`{kL; iq"ia osQroaQ rL; i=ke~] HkÄõe~ ¾ i=kL; va'ke~] gLrsu ¾ 'kq.Mkn.Msu]
vkÑ"; ¾ gBkr~ x`ghRok] eq[kkxzs ¾ Loeq[kks"Bs] nnr~ ¾ eq[ks LFkki;u~ & eqgwrkZdfyr% ¾
{k.ksu vkdfyr%] f}rh;nUr izjksg% ¾ f}rh;nUrL; mn~xe% ;su l%] f}ikL;% ¾ f}iL;
gfLru% vkL;e~ bo vkL;a eq[ka ;L; l% vFkkZr~ gfLrl`n'ka eq[ka ;L; l%] vLen~ ¾
vLekoaQ] fo?ua ¾ d"Va] gjrq ¾ fujkdjksrqA
HkkokFkZ%
JhjkenSoKsu Jhx.ks'kL; ckyLo:iL; Lej.ka eÄõykpj.ks Ñre~A ys[kosQu
ifjdYiuk Ñrk ;r~ cky:i% Jhx.ks'k% ekrkikoZR;k% vÄïs fLFkr% vfLr rFkk p ikoZR;k
osQrdhiq"iL; izkÑfroaQ d.kkZHkw"k.ka èk`refLrA ckyx.ks'kL;kfi Lo:ia o£.kra ;r~ x.ks'kL;
eq[ka gfLru% eq[kln`'ka orZrsA gfLr'kCnL; ^f}i* laKk vfi Hkofr ;rks fg xt }kH;ka
'kq.Mn.Meq[kkH;ka tya ficfr vr% rL; ^f}i%* laKk Hkofr mP;rs }kH;ka ikfr bfr
f}i%A ^vkL;* 'kCnsu eq[kL; cksèk% HkofrA bRFka f}i% xt bo vkL;a eq[ka ;L; l
f}iL;% vFkkZr~ x.ks'k% l% LogLrsu ekrkikoZR;k% Jofl fLFkra osQrdiq"iL; i=ka gBkr~
x`ghRok Loeq[kks"Bs nèkkfr Hk{k.kkFk± ok LFkki;frA vusu fofèkuk ys[kd% x.ks'kL; ckyyhyka
p laf{kIrk{kjS% o.kZ;frA vfLeu~ 'yksosQ vn~Hkqrksiek&uked% vyÄïkj% orZrsA ;nk
y?kqckyd% ekrq% lehia Hkofr rnk ekr`lehio£r ;fRdf×Ór~ Los"Va oLrqa cykr~ x`ghRok
eq[ks fuf{kifrA losZ"kka ckydkuke~ ,"k% LoHkko% HkofrA
eq[ks fuf{kIra rRi=ka Jhx.ks'kL; f}rh;a nUrfeo izfrHkkfrA ;rks fg
xtkuka rq nUr};a Hkofr rFkkfi Jhx.ks'k% rq ,dnUr% ,oA iqjk.ks"kq Hkxor% x.ks'kL;
,dL; nUrHkÄõL; lqizfl¼k dFkk orZrsA ijUrq osQrdiq"ii=kL; cykr~ eq[ks LFkkiusu
eqgwrZek=kL; Ñrs f}rh;% nUr% leqRiÂ% bfr Hkze% tk;rsA vr% nSoKSu Jhx.ks'kL;
,rkn`'kL; Lo:iL; dYiuk Ñrk ;fLeu~ Hkxor% nUr};a n`';rsA 'yksosQ¿fLeu~ nSoKsu
'kkL=kcksèkd% ¶eqgwrZ¸ 'kCnL;kfi iz;ksx% Ñr%A ,rnso JhjkenSoKL; oSf'k"V~Ôa orZrs ;r~
loZ=k ,dnUrL; x.ks'kL;So izfrek izkI;rs ijUrq ys[kosQu eqgwÙkZek=kL; Ñrs x.ks'kL;
f}rh;L;kfi nUrL; mn~Hko% Ñr%A vr,o v=k vn~HkqrksiekyÄïkj% orZrsA ,rkn`'k%
eqgwrZek=kdkys n`"V% f}nUrx.ks'k% vLekoaQ fo?ua gjrq bfr izkFkZuka djksfrA brks¿fi
oSf'k"VÔe~ vfLr ;r~ ys[kd% losZ"kka fo?ugj.kL; izkFkZUkka djksfr] u osQoya xzUFkL;
fu£o?ur;k lekIrs% bPNka djksfrA vr% ijksidkjL; ,rkn`';k% Hkkouk;k ,o izHkko% orZrs
;r~ xzUFkks¿;a eqgwrZxzUFks"kq Js"Brea LFkkua izkIroku~A
fo'ks"k%
osQpu~ fo}kal% onfUr ;r~ 'yksosQ ¶osQrdi=kHkÄõekÑ";¸ vfLeu~
okD;s ¶HkÄõe¸ 'kCnL; iz;ksx% lE;o~Q ukfLrA VhdkdkjL;kfi erefLr ;r~ HkÄõa 'kCnL;
iz;ksxsu 'yksosQ v'yhyk[;% dkO;xrnks"k% HkofrA vr% ¶osQrdckyi=ke~¸ ,o mi;qDr%
ikB% Hkosr~A rFkk p osQ"kk×Óu~ fonq"kka erefLr ;r~ ¶osQrdHkkxi=ke~¸ ,o ewyikB%
26
vklhr~A dkykUrjs izfrfyfidkjk.kka izekno'kkr~ 'kCnifjorZueHkor~A frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk
6-4 frFkhuka Lokfeu%
iwofZ Leu~ ikBs i×ÓkÄõkuka o.kZulUnHksZ frFkhuka ifjp;% Hkork izkIr%A eÄõykpj.kkuUrja
ys[kosQu frfFkLokfeuka ifjp;% iznÙk%A ;rks fg frFkhuka lacaèksuSo 'kqHkk'kqHkeqgwrkZuka fuekZ.ka
HkofrA vr% vkjEHks ,o 'yksdks¿;a fu£n"V% µ
frFkh'kk ofÉdkS xkSjh x.ks'kks¿fgxqZgks jfo%A
f'koks nqxkZUrdks fo'os gfj% dke% f'ko% 'k'khAA
inPNsn%
frfFk @ bZ'kk @ ofÉ% @ d% @ xkSjh @ x.ks'k% @ vfg% @ xqg% @ jfo% @ f'ko% @
nqxkZ @ vUrd% @ fo'o% @ gfj% @ dke% @ f'ko% @ 'k'khA
vUo;%
(i×Ón'kfrFkhuka Øe'k%) ofÉdkS xkSjh x.ks'k% vfg% xqg% jfo% f'ko% nqxkZ
vUrd% fo'o% gfj% dke% f'ko% 'k'kh ,rs frFkh'kk% (HkofUr)A
izfrinkFkZ%
frFkh'kk ¾ i×Ón'kfrFkhuka Lokfeu% Øe'k%] ofÉdkS ¾ ofÉ'p d'p] ofÉ ¾ vfXu%]
dks czãk] xkSjh ¾ ikoZrh] x.ks'k% ¾ Hkxoku~ x.ks'k%] vfg% ¾ liZ%] xqg% ¾ Lokfedk£rosQ;%]
jfo% ¾ lw;Z%] f'ko% ¾ egknso%] nqxkZ ¾ txnEck] vUrd% ¾ ;e%] fo'o% ¾ fo'osnsok%]
gfj% ¾ fo".kq%] dke% ¾ dkenso%] f'ko% ¾ egknso%] 'k'kh ¾ pUæ% HkofUrA
O;k[;k
vfXu%] czãk] ikoZrh] x.ks'k%] liZ%] dk£rosQ;%] lw;Z%] egknso%] txnEck] ;e%]
fo'osnso%] fo".kq%] dkenso%] egknso%] pUæ% ,rs Øes.k i×Ón'kfrFkhuke~ vfèkir;%
HkofUrA vFkkZr~ izfrinkfrFks% Lokeh vfXu%] f}rh;kfrFks% czãk] r`rh;kfrFks% ikoZrh]
prqFkhZfrFks% Lokeh x.ks'k%] i×ÓE;k% liZ%] "k"BÔk% dk£rosQ;%] lIrehfrFks% lw;Z%] v"VE;k%
f'ko%] uoehfrFks% Lokeh nqxkZ] n'kE;k% ;e%] ,dkn'khfrFks% fo'osnso%] }kn';k% fo".kq%]
=k;ksn'khfrFks% dkenso%] prqnZ';k% f'ko%] i×Ón'kh vFkkZr~ iw£.kek;k% pUæ% rFkk p
Vhdkdkjs.k mDra ;r~ vekoL;k;k% Lokeh firj% HkofrA ,oa izdkjs.k i×Ón'kfrFkhuke~
vfèkir;% fu£n"Vk%A
6-4-1 frFkh'kkuka iz;kstue~

frFkhuke~ vfèkirhuka KkukuUrja eufl ftKklk leqnsfr ;r~ ,rs"kke~
vfèkifruka o.kZuL; iz;kstua fde~\ vL; iz'uL; mÙkja Vhdkdkj% izkphukuke~ vkpk;kZ.kka
erkuke~ mYys[ka ÑÙok nnkfr rr~ Hkor% vfi cgqykHkk; orZrsA ;L;k% ;L;k% frFks% ;%
;% vfèkifr% Hkofr rL;ka rL;ka frFkkS rs"kka rs"kka nsorkuka izfr"Bkiwtkfndk;± dj.kh;e~A ;Fkk
ojkgfefgjkpk;sZ.k mDre~ µ
¶;Rdk;± u{k=ks ríSoR;klq frfFk"kq rRdk;Ze~A¸
rFkk ukjnsukfi mDre~ µ 27

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% ¶;fíua ;L; nsoL; rfíus rL; lafLFkfr%¸
yksosQ¿fi mRlok% rs"kka rs"kka nsokuka frFkkS ,o HkofUrA Hkoku~ vfi tkukfr
;r~ ¶x.ks'kprqFkhZ¸ ¶ukxi×Óeh¸ ¶nqxkZuoeh¸ bR;kfn lqifz l¼k% lfUrA vfXuiqjk.ks frFkh'kkuka
iz;kstua lE;o~Q:is.k foosfpra orZrs µ
izfri|fXuiwtk L;kn~ f}rh;k;ka p osèkl%A
n'kkE;keUrdL;kfi "k"BÔka iwtk xqgL; pAA
prqF;k± x.kukFkL; xkS;kZLrRiwoZokljsA
ljLoR;k uoE;ka p lIrE;ka HkkLdjL; pAA
v"VE;k×Ó prqnZ';kesdkn';ka f'koL; pA
}kn';ka p =k;ksn';ka gjs'p enuL; pA
'ks"kknhuka iQ.kh'kkuka i×ÓE;ka iwtua Hkosr~AA
vFkkZr~ izfrifn vfXuiwtk L;kr~A f}rh;k;ka czã.k%] n'kE;ka ;ejktL;]
"k"BÔka dk£rosQ;L;] prqF;k± x.kukFkL; (x.ks'kL;)] uoE;ka ljLoR;k%] lIrE;ka HkkLdjL;]
v"VE;ka prqnZ';ke~ ,dkn';ka p f'koL;] }kn';ka gjs%] =k;ksn';ka dkensoL;] i×ÓE;ka p
likZ.kka iwtua izfr"BkfnoaQ p Hkosr~ bfr iz;kstue~A
6-4-2 frFkhuka i;kZ;'kCnk%

,rs fu£n"Vk% nsok% frFkhuka i;kZ;Rosukfi Kk;UrsA fofoèks"kq 'yksosQ"kq
frFkhuka LFkkus vfèkirhuka ukekfu ,o izkI;UrsA vijkf.k vfi ukekfu lfUr ;s"kke~ mi;ksx%
frFkhuka cksèkus HkofrA vr% rs v=k lkfj.kh:is.k izLrw;Urs µ
la[;k frfFk i;kZ;okph 'kCnk%

1 izfrin~ i{kfr%] vk|frfFk%]Hkw%]pUæ%]'k'kh%]bUnq% vkfn
2 f}rh;k ;qXe]f}];e%]us=kkS]vf{k]vUrd%]vf'o
3 r`rh;k vfXu%]ofÉ%]gqrk'ku%]vuy%]f'koLosn%
4 prqFkhZ ;qx%]osn%]vfC/%]mnf/%
5 i×peh ck.k%]'kj%]ukx%]b"kq%
6 "k"Bh LdUn%]jl%]vax%
7 lIreh v ÜÒ%]g;%]'kSy%]ok;q%]voZQ%]vfæ%
8 v"Veh olq%]xt%]ukx%]mjx%
9 uoeh vad%]xks%]xzg%]uUn%]nqxkZ
10 n'keh fno~Q]vk'kk]dk"Bk
11 ,dkn'kh f'ko%]#æ%]bZ'k%
12 }kn'kh voZQ%]jfo%]lw;Z%]gfj%
13 =k;ksn'kh fo ÜÒs%]dke%]enu%
14 prqnZ'kh ;e%]bUæ%]euq%]'kØ%
15 iw£.kek frfFk%]iapn'kh%]jkdk
16 vekoL;k vek]n'kZ%]oqQgw
28
cksèkiz'uk% frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk
1- eÄõykpj.ka fdeFk± fØ;rs\
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2- eqgwrZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; vkjEHks dL; nsoL; Lrqfr% nSoKsu Ñrk\
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3- ¶f}ikL;%¸ 'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\
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4- i×ÓehfrFks% vfèkifr% d%\
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5- ¶xzg%¸ dL; frFks% i;kZ;%\
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6- }kn'khfrFks% Lokeh d%\
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6-5 frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKk

iwoksZDrkuka frFkhuka Øe'k% uUnk&Hkæk&t;k&fjDrk&iw.kkZ:is.k foHkktua izkphukpk;SZ%
Ñre~ vfLrA br% iwo± Hkork frFkhuka Lokfeu%] rs"kka iz;kstua p ifBre~A vr% ys[kd%
vkjEHks frfFklacfèkra lo± foospua djksfrA frFkhuke~ vkjEHk% 'kqDyi{kL; izfrinkr%
Hkorhfr los"Z ofi fl¼kUrxzUFks"kq o£.krefLrA vr% 'kqDyi{kL; izfrinkr% vkjH; Ñ".ki{kL;
vekoL;ki;ZUra 15&15 frFkhuka f=kjko`R;k Øe'k% uUnk] Hkæk] t;k] fjÙkQk] iw.kkZ bfr laKk%
HkofUrA vr% };ks% i{k;ks% izfrink&"k"Bh&,dkn'kh (1@6@11) uUnk] f}rh;k
&lIreh&}kn'khfrFk;% (2@6@12) Hkæk] r`rh;k&v"Veh&=k;ksn'kh frFk;% (3@8@13) t;k]
prqFkhZ&uoeh&prqn'Z kh frFk;% (4@9@14) fjDrk] rFkk i×Óeh&n'keh&iw£.kek rFkk vekoL;k
frFk;% (5@10@15 rFkk 30) iw.kkZfrFk;% HkofUrA pØekè;esu lE;o~Q:is.k Kkrqa 'kD;rs µ
29

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% uUnkfnfrfFk cksèkpØe~
frfFklaKk frFk;% (mHk;i{ks)

uUnk% 1 6 11
Hkæk 2 7 12
t;k 3 8 13
fjDrk 4 9 14
iw.kkZ 5 10 15]30
6-5-1 uUnkfnfrFkhuka iQykfu

iqu% ftKklk Hkofr ;r~ ,rklka frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKkiznkuL; iz;kstua
fde~\ ,rk% laKk% ¯d izfrikn;fUr\ ,rklka iQya fde~\
nSoK% vfLeu~ 'yksosQ ,rs"kak iz'ukuka lekèkkua nnkfr µ
uUnk p Hkæk p t;k p fjÙkQk iw.ksZfr frF;ks¿'kqHkeè;'kLrk%A
flrs¿flrs 'kLrlekèkek% L;q% flrKHkkSek£dxqjkS p fl¼k%AA
inPNsn%
uUnk@p@Hkæk@p@t;k@p @fjÙkQk @iw.kkZ @bfr @frF;%@v'kqHk@eè;@'kLrk%@
flrs@ vflrs@'kLr @le @vèkek%@L;q%@flr@K@HkkSe@v£d@xqjkS@p fl¼k%A
vUo;%
uUnk p Hkæk p t;k p fjÙkQk iw.kkZ p frF;% (HkofUr] rk'p frFk;%)
flrs (i{ks) v'kqHkeè;'kLrk% (HkofUr) vflrs (p i{ks) 'kLrlekèkek% L;q%A (rk'p
uUnkfn frFk;%) flrKHkkSek£dxqjkS p (okjs"kq Øe'k%) fl¼k% (HkofUr)A
izfrinkFkZ%
uUnk Hkæk t;k fjÙkQk iw.kkZ p ,rk% frFkhuka Øe'k% laKk% lfUrA
frF;% ¾ frFk;%] flrs ¾ 'kqDyi{ks] v'kqHk ¾ nq"ViQynk%] eè; ¾ eè;iQynk%] 'kLrk% ¾
'kqHkiQynk%] vflrs ¾ Ñ".ks i{ks] 'kLr ¾ 'kqHkiQynk%] le ¾ eè;eiQynk%] vèkek% ¾
nq"ViQynk%] L;q% ¾ HkofUrA rk'p uUnkfnfrFk;% flr ¾ 'kqØokljs] K ¾ cqèkokljs]
HkkSe ¾ eÄõyokljs] v£d ¾ 'kfuokljs] xqjkS ¾ xq#okljs p Øe'k% fl¼k% ¾ flf¼djk%
HkofUrA
O;k[;k%
'yksosQ¿fLeu~ nSoK% frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKke~ mDRok rs"kak iQykfu o.kZ;frA
r=k Vhdkdkjs.k izFkea o£.kra ;r~ ,rklka uUnkfnfrFkhuka Loukekuqlkja iQykfu HkofUrA vr%
uUnk] t;k] iw.kkZ frFk;% 'kqHkiQynk% HkofUr rFkk Hkæk fjÙkQk p v'kqHkiQynk% HkofUrA bfr
iQyizfriknuL; izFke% izdkj%A f}rh;a onfr 'kqDyi{kL; izfrinkr% vkjH; mHk;s i{ks
i×Ón'k&i×Ón'k (15&15) frFkhuka f=kjko`Ù;k% uUnkHkækt;kfjDrkiw.kkZ bfr laKk% lfUrA
30 'kqDyi{ks Øe'k% i×ÓfrFk;% uUnkfn (1@2@3@4@5) v'kqHkiQynk%] f}rh;ko`ÙkkS] uUnkfn
i×ÓfrFk;% (6@7@8@9@10) eè;iQynk%] r` r h;ko` Ù kkS uUnkfn i×ÓfrFk;% frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk
(11@12@13@14@15) 'kqHkiQynk% lfUrA Ñ".ki{ks frFkhuka iQya loZFkk foijhrefLrA fuf"k¼frfFku{k=kk.kka ifjp;'p
Ñ".ki{ks izFkeko`ÙkkS uUnkfn i×ÓfrFk;% (1@2@3@4@5) 'kqHkiQynk%] f}rh;ko`ÙkkS i×ÓfrFk;%
(6@7@8@9@10) eè;iQynk%] r`rh;ko`ÙkkS i×ÓfrFk;% (11@12@13@14@ 30)
v'kqHkiQynk% HkofUrA ,oa izdkjs.k f}rh;jhR;k frFkhuka 'kqHkk'kqHkiQYkkfu fu£n"VkfuA
vuUrja frFkhuka okjS% lg la;ksxsu fofu£erkuka flf¼;ksxkuka o.kZua
ÑrefLrA mHk;ks% 'kqDyÑ".ki{k;ks% 'kqØokljs uUnkfrFkhuka (1@6@11) la;ksxus flf¼;ksxk%
tk;UrsA okjk.kka fo"k;s Hkork iwoZfLeu~ ikBs ifBra ;r~ okjL; vkjEHk% lw;ksZn;kr~ Hkofr
rFkk f}rh;lw;ksZn;i;ZUra lSo okj% HkofrA rFkk p lw;ZpUæ;kseZè;s }kn'kka'kkUrja ;kor~ ,dk
frfFk% HkofrA vr% ;kor~ i;ZUra rfLeu~ okljs lk frfFk% Hkofr rkor~i;ZUreso flf¼;ksx%
HkofrA ;Fkk dnkfpr~ 'kqØokljs 25A ?kVh @ 30¸ iykfu ;kor~ ;fn izfrinkfrfFk% Hkosr~
psr~ rkoRi;ZUreso flf¼;ksx% Hkfo";frA ,oeso izdkjs.k vU;s"kq vfi okjs"kq voèks;e~A
rFkSo cqèkokljs HkækfrFkhuka (2@7@12) la;ksxus flf¼;ksxk% HkofUrA HkkSeokljs t;kfrFkhuka
(3@8@13) la;ksxsu flf¼;ksxk% HkofUrA 'kfuokljs fjÙkQkfrFkhuka (4@9@14) la;ksxsu
flf¼;ksxk% HkofUrA xq#okljs iw.kkZfrFkhuka (5@10@15 rFkk 30) la;ksxsu p flf¼;ksxk%
HkofUrA ;Fkk ;ksxL; uke vfLr rFkSo ;ksxL; iQyefi orZrs vFkkZr~ ;ksxs losZ"ofi dk;sZ"kq
flf¼% HkofrA
v=k ,rr~ fo'ks"k:is.k voèks;a ;r~ pUæL; cyo'kkr~ ;ksxs lcyRoa
fucZyRoa p HkofrA vFkkZr~ 'kqDyi{ks izfrinkr% i×Óehi;ZUra {kh.ks pUæs lfr izFkeko`ÙkkS
uUnkfnfrFk;% v'kqHkiQynk%] "k"Bhr% n'kehi;ZUra pUæL; eè;ecfyus lfr f}rh;ko`ÙkkS
uUnkfn (6@7@8@9@10) frFk;% eè;iQynk% HkofUr rFkSo r`rh;ko`ÙkkS uUnkfn
(11@12@13@14@15) frFk;% pUæs lcys lfr 'kqHkiQynk% HkofUrA rFkSo Ñ".ki{ks
1r%&5i;ZUr% frFk;% 'kqHkiQynk% HkofUrA rFkk 6r%&10i;ZUra frFk;% eè;iQynk% rFkk
p 11&30 (15) frFk;% {kh.kpUæL; izHkkokr~ v'kqHkiQynk% HkofUrA ,oa izdkjs.k
'kqHkk'kqHk frFkhuka fuèkkZj.kL; f}rh;k i¼fr% pUæcykfJrk bfr flè;frA
6-5-2 uUnkfnfrFkhuka 'kqHkk'kqHkRocksèkpØe~

pUæL; cykcykuqlkjs.k frFkhuka 'kqHkk'kqHkRoKkuL; rFkk p fofoèkS% okjS%
lg frFkhuka lEcUèko'kkr~ fofu£erkuka flf¼;ksxkuka izfriknua pØ:is.k lE;o~Qr;k drq±a
'kD;rsA vr% pØe=k izLrw;rs µ
31

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% frfFk frFk;%
izFkeko`fÙk% f}rh;ko`fÙk% r`rh;ko`fÙk% okj% ;ksx
laKk
uUnk 1 6 11 'kqØ% flf¼;ksx%
Hkæk 2 7 12 cq/%
t;k 3 8 13 HkkSe%
fjÙkQk 4 9 14 'kfu%
iw.kkZ 5 10 15]30 xq#%
pUæ% iw.kZfucZy%
'kqDyi{ks v'kqHk% eè;% 'kqHk%
i'pkr~ lcy%
pUæ% iwo± lcy%

'kqDyi{ks v'kqHk% eè;% 'kqHk%
i'pkr~ fucZy%
JhjkenSoK% defi okD;a Loeulk u fy[kfr vfirq izkphukpk;kZ.kka

erkfu ,o laf{kIrlkjkFkZ:is.k izfrikn;frA Vhdkdkjs.k fyf[krk;k% Vhdk;k% vè;;su
,rr~ Li"Va HkofrA ;Fkk d';i½"ks% fl¼;ksxkuka fuèkkZj.ks ere~ µ
uUnk frfFk% 'kqØokjs lkSE;s Hkæk oqQts t;kA
fjÙkQk eUns xqjksokZjs iw.kkZ fl¼kà;k frfFk%AA
rFkk p flf¼;ksxkuka 'kqHkiQykfu izfrikn;fr vkpk;Z of'k"B% µ
'kqØKxq#eUnsT;k okjk uUnkfn"kq Øekr~A
fl¼k frfFk% flf¼nk L;kRloZdk;sZ"kq loZnkAA
vFkkZr~ fl¼kfrFk;% loZnk losZ"ofi dk;sZ"kq flf¼nk% HkofUr rFkk p
fl¼kfrFk;% fofHkÂkuka nks"kk.kke~ vfi gj.ka djksfrA lUnHksZ¿fLeu~ iqu'pksÙke~ vkpk;Z
ofl"Bsu µ
fl¼k frfFkgZfUr leLrnks"kku~
;kUekl'kwU;kufi eklnXèkku~A
fnuiznXèkkufi pkU;nks"kku~
,dkn'kh ;}n'ks"kikiku~AA
vFkkZr~ fl¼kfrfFk% lokZu~ nks"kku~ uk'k;frA 'kwU;eklnXèkeklkukefi nks"kku~
uk'k;frA
6-6 jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼frFk;%

32 iwoZfLeu~ ikBs Hkof‰% frfFkifjp;% izkIr%A vfLeu~ ikBs ,rkor~ i;ZUra frFkhuka
Lokfeu%] rklka uUnkfn laKk] 'kqHkk'kqHkiQykfu] jO;kfnokjk.kka la;ksxsu fl¼;ksxkuka fo"k;s p frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk
ifBre~A ijUrq jO;kfnokjs"kq frFkhuka la;ksxsu v'kqHkiQykfu vfi HkofUrA vfxzes fuf"k¼frfFku{k=kk.kka ifjp;'p
'yksdkèksZ JhjkenSoK% o.kZ;fr µ
uUnk Hkæk ufUndk[;k t;k p fjÙkQk HkækpSo iw.kkZ e`rkdkZr~A
inPNsn%
uUnk@Hkæk@ufUndk@vk[;k@t;k@p@fjÙkQk@Hkæk@p@,[email protected]@e`rk@vdkZr~A
vUo;%
uUnk Hkæk ufUndk[;k t;k fjÙkQk p Hkæk iw.kkZ p (frFk;%) vdkZr~ e`rk
(HkofUr)A
izfrinkFkZ%
uUnk ¾ uUnklaKdfrFk;% (1]6]11)] Hkæk ¾ HkæklaKdfrFk;% (2]7]12)]
ufUndk[;k ¾ uUnklaKdfrFk;%] t;k ¾ t;klaKdfrFk;% (3]8]13) p] fjÙkQk ¾
fjÙkQklaKdfrFk;% (4]9]14)] Hkæk ¾ HkæklaKdfrFk;%] p iw.kkZ ¾ iw.kkZlaKdfrFk;%
(5]10]15]30)] vdkZr~ ¾ voZQekjH; okjs"kq] e`rk ¾ vèkeiQyk% L;q%A
O;k[;k
jO;kfnokjk.kka fofoèkfrfFkuka p la;ksxsu nq;ksZxk% HkofUrA rs"kak o.kZua 'yksosQ¿fLeu~
nSoKsu Ñra ;r~ uUnk] Hkæk] uUnk] t;k] fjDrk] Hkæk rFkk iw.kkZ% ,rk% frFk;% jO;kfnokjs"kq
;FkkØes.k e`rk HkofUr vFkkZr~ vèkeiQynk HkofUrA vFkkZr~ jfookljs uUnkfnfrFk;%
(izFkek] "k"Bh] ,dkn'kh) e`rk% HkofUrA lkseokljs HkækfrFk;% ( f}rh;k] lIreh]
}kn'kh)] eÄõyokljs uUnkfrFk;%] cqèkokljs t;k frFk;% (r`rh;k] v"Veh] =k;ksn'kh) ]
xq#okljs fjÙkQkfrFk;% ( prqFkhZ] uoeh] prqn'Z kh) 'kqØokljs HkækfrFk;%] 'kfuokjs iw.kkZfrFk;%
(i×Óeh] n'keh] i£.kek] vekoL;k) e`rkfrFk;% HkofUrA vFkok osQ"kk×Óu~ vkpk;Z.kka
erefLr ;r~ ,rs ;ksxk% e`r;ksxk% HkofUrA ukjnnsukfi rFkSo mDre~ &
vkfnR;HkkSe;ksuZUnk Hkæk 'kqØk'k'kkÄï;ks% A
t;k lkSE;s xqjkS fjÙkQk 'kukS iw.kkZ e`friznk AA
pØ:is.k fy[kke'psr~ brks¿fi Li"Va Hkofr &
ve`r;ksxcksèkpØe~
33

okj frFk;
jfooklj% 1]6]11 (uUnk)

lkseoklj% 2]7]12 (Hkæk)
eÄõyoklj% 1]6]11 (uUnk)
cq/oklj% 3]8]13 (t;k)
xq#oklj% 4]9]14 (fjÙkQk)
'kqØoklj% 2]7]12 (Hkæk)
'kfuoklj% 5]10]15]30 (iw.kkZ)
6-6-1 e`R;q;ksxs fo'ks"kfopkj%

'yksosQ e`R;q;ksxfo"k;s fdf×Ór~ eroSfHkUU;a izkI;rsA osQpu~ fo}kal% ,rklka
frFkhuka e`rk frFk;% bfr laKka onfUrA ukjnlafgrk;ka ê`frizn* bfr ikBa izkI;rsA vusu
izdfVra Hkofr ;r~ ,rs ;ksxk% eÄõydk;sZ"kq e`friznk% HkofUrA osQpu~ vkpk;kZ% ¶ve`rkdkZr~¸
ikBHksna LohÑR; ,rs"kka ;ksxkuka ¶ve`r;ksxk%¸ bR;fi laKka oqQoZfUrA ijUrq eq[;Rosu
v'kqHkiQye~ ,o vfèkdkuka erefLrA
6-7 jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼u{k=kkf.k

;Fkk okjS% lg frFkhuka la;ksxsu e`R;q;ksxk% v'kqHkiQynk;dk% HkofUrA rFkSo okjS%
lg u{k=kk.kka la;ksxsukfi v'kqHkiQynk% ;ksxk% HkofUrA rs"kka ^nXèk* laKk nSoKsu 'yksosQ¿fLeu~
fu£n"Vk% µ
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T;s"BkUR;a josnZXèkHka L;kr~AA
inPNsn%
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vUo;%
;kE;a Rok"Vªa oS'onsoa èkfu"Bk v;ZE.ka T;s"Bk (rFkk p) vUR;a] (,rkfu u{k=kkf.k
Øes.k) jos% nXèkHka L;kr~A
izfrinkFkZ%
;kE;a ¾ ;L; u{k=kL; vfèkifr% ;e% orZrs vFkkZr~ Hkj.khu{k=ke~] Rok"Vªa ¾ ;L;
u{k=kL; Lokeh Ro"Vk vfLr vFkkZr~ fp=kku{k=ke~] oS'onsoa ¾ ;L; u{k=kL; vfèkifr%
fo'osnso% vfLr rr~ mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=ke~] èkfu"Bk ¾ èkfu"Bku{k=ke~] vk;ZE.ka ¾ ;L; u{k=kL;
vfèkifr% v;Zek vfLr rr~ mÙkjkiQkYXkquhu{k=ke~]T;s"Bk ¾ T;s"Bku{k=ke~] vUR;a ¾ vfUrea
u{k=ka jsorhu{k=ke~] ,rkfu u{k=kkf.k Øes.k] jos% ¾ jfookjkfn"kq] nXèkHka ¾ nXèku{k=ka
nXèk;ksxks ok] L;kr~ ¾ Hkosr~A
34
O;k[;k frFkhuka Lokfeu% uUnkfnlaKk
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35

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 8- HkkSeokljs flf¼;ksx% dFka Hkofr\
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9- 'kfuokljs e`r;ksx% dFka Hkofr\
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10- ¶Rok"Vª¸ 'kCnsu dL; u{k=kL; cksèk% Hkofr\
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11- dL; okljL; la;ksxsu T;s"Bku{k=ks nXèk;ksx% Hkofr\
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12- ¶vUR;a¸ dL; u{k=kL; laKk%\
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6-8 lkjka'k%
vkfLrdk% xzUFkdkjk% xzUFkL; vkjEHks eÄõykpj.ka oqQoZfUrA JhjkenSoKsukfi xzUFkkjEHks
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2- nèkr~ ¾ Hk{k.kkFk± LFkki;u~A
36
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10- ¶Rok"Vª¸ 'kCnsu fp=kku{k=kL; cksèk% HkofrA 37

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12- ^vUR;* jsorhu{k=kL; laKk HkofrA
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38
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7-4-1 fuf"k¼frFkhuka ifjgkj%
cksèkiz'uk%
7-5 nXèk&fo"k&gqrk'ku;ksxk%
7-5-1 nXèk;ksxk%
7-5-2 fo"k;ksxk%
7-5-3 gqrk'ku;ksxk%
7-6 ;e?k.V;ksxifjp;%
7-6-1 ;e?k.V;ksxifjgkj%
7-6-2 nXèk&fo"k&gqrk'ku&;e?k.V;ksxkuka iQye~
7-6-3 frfFkokju{k=kt;ksxlkfj.kh
7-7 pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;frFk;%
7-7-1 'kwU;frfFkcksèkpØe~
cksèkiz'uk%
7-8 lkjka'k%
7-9 'kCnkoyh
7-10 lUnHkZxzUFkk%
7-11 lgk;dxzUFkk%
7-13 vH;kliz'uk%
7-1 izLrkouk
iwoZfLeu~ ikBs Hkoku~ JhjkenSoKÑrL; xzUFkL; eÄõykpj.ka ifBroku~A eÄõykpj.ks
cky:ix.ks'kL; yhyka p ifBroku~A ys[kdL; dkO;jpukdkS'kyL; ifjp;a izkIroku~A
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bfr KkL;frA yksosQ ;Fkk HkkSeokljs osQ'kdrZua fuf"k¼a orZrs bfr losZ tkufUr] rFkSo
vU;s"ofi okjs"kq dkfu dkfu dk;kZf.k u drZO;kfu bfr ikBs¿fLeu~ o£.krefLrA fofoèks"kq
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;ksxkuka fuekZ.kfofèk% iQykfu p ikBs¿fLeu~ Hkoku~ ifB";frA vuUrja pS=kkfnekls"kq dklka
frFkhuka ekl'kwU;frfFk% bfr laKk Hkofr rklka iQya p dFka Hkorhfr lIres ikBs¿fLeu~
39

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% Hkoku~ ifB";frA ;su dklq dklq frfFk"kq ¯d ¯d u dÙkZO;a] osQ p nq"V;ksxk% HkofUr bfr lo±
KkL;frA
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Ø ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxkuka fu.kZ;a dÙkq± {ke% Hkfo";frA
Ø rs"kq fuU|;ksx"s kq fuU|dk;kZf.k KkRok rL; dÙkZO;kdÙkZO;s oqQ'kyks Hkfo";frA
Ø ÑR;fo'ks"ks"kq fuf"k¼frFkhuka o.kZua dÙkq± 'k{;frA
Ø nXèkfo"kgqrk'ku;e?k.Vkfn;ksxkuka fuèkkZj.ks leFkZ% Hkfo";frA
Ø pS=kkfn"kq ekl'kwU;frFkhuka fuèkkZj.ks iVq% Hkfo";frA
Ø vHkh"Vdk;Zfl¼ÔFk± 'kqHkeqgwÙkZ fu/kZj.ks oqQ'ky% Hkfo";frA
7-3 ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxkuka ifjp;%

frFkhuka okjS% lg lEcUèksu 'kqHkk'kqHkizHkko% HkofrA }Ôkfèkdkuka rÙokuka la;ksx ,o
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o.kZua Ñre~A nSoKsu nq"V;ksxkuka ukekfu rq u fyf[krkfu ijUrq O;k[;k;ka Ødp&laorZdkfn
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cq/oklj% (4) uoeh (9) 4 $ 9 ¾ 13
eÄõyoklj%(3) n'keh (10) 3 $ 10 ¾ 13
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jfooklj% (1) }kn'kh (11) 1 $ 12 ¾ 13
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41

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;FkkØea u lsosr ¾ oqQ;kZr~A rFkk p] fo'o ¾ ;L;k% frFks% vfèkifr% fo'osnsok% lk frfFk%
vFkkZr~ =k;ksn'khfrfFk%] n'k ¾ n'kehfrfFk%] f}osQ ¾ f}rh;kfrFkkS] vH;×tua ¾ 'kjhjs
rSykH;Äõ%] u dk;Z%A vek ¾ vekoL;kfrfFk%] vfæ ¾ lIrehfrfFk%] xks ¾ uoehfrfFk%
,rklq frfFk"kq] èkk=khiQyS% ¾ vkeydiQyS% (fgUnhHkk"kk;ka ¶vk¡oyk¸)] Lukue~] vlr~ ¾
fuf"k¼a HkofrA
O;k[;k
izR;sdL;k% frFks% izÑfr% fHkÂk fHkÂk HkofrA rklq frfFk"kq frFks% izÑR;uqlkjs.k ,o
dk;kZf.k fØ;Urs] dkfufpr~ dk;kZf.k p u fØ;UrsA dkfu dk;kZf.k u dÙkZO;kfu bfr
'yksosQ¿fLeu~ fu£n"Ve~A r=k izFkeeqDra ;r~ "k"Bh&v"Veh&prqnZ'kh&vekoL;k ,rklq frfFk"kq
Øes.k rSykysiua] ekalHk{k.ke~] ÜeJqosQ'kkfndrZua] eSFkque~ bfr uSo dj.kh;e~A vFkkZr~
"k"BÔka rSykysiua] v"VE;ka ekalHk{k.ke~] prqnZ';ka {kkSjdk;±] vekoL;k eSFkqua lEHkksxks ok u
dj.kh;feR;FkZ%A
'yksosQ ûk* 'kCn% fyf[kr% orZrsA ;L;kFkZ% Hkofr îq#"k%* rsu fdesrkfu dk;kZf.k
iq#"kk.kka Ñrs ,o o£trkfu lfUr bfr iz'u% leqnsfrA vr% vL; lekèkkua Vhdkdkjs.k
iznÙka ;r~ u`'kCn% lEiw.kZeuq";tkrs% miy{kdefLrA vr% L=kh.kkefi ,rs"kq dk;sZ"kq fu"ksèk%
bfr voèks;e~A ;fn ,rkfu mDrkfu fuf"k¼dk;kZf.k ,rklq frfFk"kq fØ;Urs psr~ vk;q{k;%
Hkorhfr iQya fu£n"Va jRuekyk;ke~ µ
"k"Bh"kq rSya iyk"Veh"kq {kkSjfØ;k pSo prqnZ'kh"kqA
L=khlsoua u"Vdyklq iqalkek;q% {k;kFk± equ;ks onfUrAA
42 rFkk 'yksosQ ¶foèkq{k;¸ 'kCn% losZ"kka iokZ.kke~ miy{kd% eU;rs Vhdkdkj% vr%
i×ÓioZlq vfi eSFkqudk;± u dj.kh;feR;FkZ%A vkpk;Zof'k"BL; ere=k izek.k:iefLr µ ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxk% fuf"k¼'kwU;frFk;'p
L=khlsoua ioZlq i{keè;s iya p "k"Bh"kq p loZrSye~A

bnkuha ftKklk leqnsfr ;r~ ,rkfu i×ÓiokZf.k dkfu\ vr% of'k"BL;So opuefLr
;r~ Ñ".ki{kL; prqnZ'kh&v"Veh&vekoL;k] iw£.kek rFkk p ;L;ka frFkkS laØkfUr% Hkofr
,rk% i×ÓfrFk;% i×ÓioZ:is.k Kk;UrsA ;FkksDra µ
prqnZ';"Veh Ñ".kk RoekoL;k p iw£.kekA
iq.;kfu i×Ó iokZf.k lÄ~ØkfUr£nuiL; pAA
rFkk p ,rr~ fo'ks"k:is.k voèks;a ;r~ fuf"k¼deZlq rkRdkfyD;% frFk;% ,o
xzkák% rFkk iqu% fo'ks"k:is.k fu£n"Va ;r~ =k;ksn'kh&n'keh&f}rh;kfrfFk"kq rSykH;Äõa u
dj.kh;fefrA izkphudkys tuk% Lukukr~ iwo± 'kjhjs gfjæ;k lg rSykysiua oqQoZfUr LeA
v;a rSykH;Äõ% 'kkjhjeyfujkdj.kkFk±] 'kkjhfjdiqf"VÔS p fØ;rs LeA jRuekykxzUFks p
o£.kra ;r~ ,rklq frfFk"kq rSykH;Äõa Lukua p LukudrkZja fugfUr µ
LukrqtZuL; n'keh ru;kaL=k;ksn';Fk±A
fugUR;qHk;esrnfi f}rh;kAA
bnkuha o;a LukuisQudL; (lkcqu bR;L;) iz;ksxa oqQeZ%A ijUrq izkphudkys tuk%
eèkq&gfjæk&?k`ra&nfèk&nqXèk&fry&izHk`rhuke~ vks"kèkhuka jlk.kka iz;ksx% vk£FkdlkeF;kZuqlkjs.k
oqQoZfUr LeA ijUrq vkeydjlL; lkSyH;kr~ tuk% Lukudkys rL; iz;ksxa oqQoZfUr Le ,oa
izrh;rsA vr,o 'yksoQs mDra ;r~ vekoL;k&lIreh&uoehfrfFk"kq vkeydLukufu"ksèk% HkofrA
ijUrq frykÂfefJrtysu izfrfnua Lukua drq± 'kD;rsA ;Fkk HkêðHkkLdjs.kksDre~ µ
lIrE;pUæuoeh"kq nsgJhlUrrhjkeyoSQuZjL;A
Lukua gUR;U;fnus rq èkÙks fryS% fJ;a iq.;dja lnSoAA
eg£"k d';isu ,rklq frfFk"kq Lukusu laHkkforkuke~ vlr~iQykuka foospua Ñra ;r~
lIrE;ka uoE;ka vek;ka p vekydLukusu oqQyL; uk'ka Hkofr µ
lIrE;ka p uoE;ka p vek;ka oqQyuk'kue~A
7-4-1 fuf"k¼frFkhuka ifjgkj%

fofoèkklq frfFk"kq fofoèkkuka dk;kZ.kka fu"ksèk% Hkork ifBr%A ijUrq dnkfpr~
rklq frfFk"kq vfi rs"kka dk;kZ.kka lEiknus nks"k% u HkofrA ;Fkk iwoZeqDra ;r~ "k"BhfrFkkS
rsykysiua u dj.kh;a ijUrq ;fn "k"BhfrfFk% 'kfuokljs Hkofr psr~ "k"BhfrFkkS vfi
rSykysiua dÙkq± 'kD;rsA rFkSo egk"Veh vFkkZr~ vkf'ou'kqDyi{kL; v"VehfrFkkS (nqxkZ"Veh
voljs) ekalHk{k.ka izlkn:is.k dÙkq± 'kD;rsA rFkk p rhFkZxeus rhFkZLFkys"kq prqnZ';ka frFkkS
vfi {kkSjdeZ dÙkq± 'kD;rsA fir`.kka frfFk% Hkofr vekoL;k vr% rL;ka frFkkS eSFkquL;
fu"ksèk% mDre~A ijUrq nhiksRlos vFkkZr~ nhikoyhegksRlos vekoL;k;kefi eSFkqua dÙkq±
'kD;rsA ;FkksDre~ µ
"k"Bh 'kuS'pjs rSya egk"VE;ka iykfu pA
rhFkZ{kkSja prqnZ';ka nhiekY;ka p eSFkque~AA bfr
43

1- Ødp;ksx% dnk lEHkofr\
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2- jfookljs dL;ka frFkkS Ødp;ksx% Hkofr\
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3- cqèkokljs izfrin~ frFkkS d% ;ksx% Hkofr\
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4- dk% frFk;% nUrèkkous fuf"k¼k% HkofUr\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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5- dL;ka frFkkS {kkSjdk;± u dj.kh;e~\
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6- dklq frfFk"kq rSYkkH;Äõa u dj.kh;e~\
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7- vekoL;k;kefi eSFkqua dnk dÙkq± 'kD;rs\
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7-5 nXèk&fo"k&gqrk'ku;ksxk%
lw;kZfnokjk.kka fofoèkkfHk% frfFkfHk% la;ksxsu v'kqHkiQynk% nXèk&fo"k&gqrk'kuukEuk
v'kqHk;ksxk% HkofUrA vxzs ,rs"kak fuekZ.kfo"k;s nSoK% 'yksdks¿;a fy[kfr µ
lw;sZ'ki×ÓkfXujlk"VuUnk osnkÄõlIrkf'oxtkÄï'kSyk%A
lw;kZÄõlIrksjxxksfnxh'kk nXèkk fo"kk[;k'p gqrk'kuk'pAA
lw;kZfnokjs frFk;ks HkofUrA
inPNsn%
lw ; Z @ bZ ' k @i×Ó@vfXu@jl@v"V@uUnk@os n @vÄõ @ lIr@vf'o@xt@vÄï @ 'kS y k%@
lw;Z@vÄõ@lIr@mjx@xks@fnx~@bZ'kk@nXèkk@fo"kk[;k%@p@gqrk'kuk%@p lw;Z@vkfn@okjs@frFk;%@
44 HkofUrA
vUo;% ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxk% fuf"k¼'kwU;frFk;'p
lw;Z bZ'k i×Ó vfXu jl v"V uUnk (,rk% frFk;% lw;kZfnokjs"kq Øes.k) nXèkk%
(HkofUr)A osn vÄõ lIr vf'o xt vÄï 'kSyk% (,rk% frFk;% lw;kZfnokjs"kq Øes.k)
fo"kk[;k% (HkofUr)A lw;Z vÄõ lIr mjx xks fnx~ bZ'kk frFk;% lw;kZfnokjs (Øe'k%)
gqrk'kuk% frFk;ks HkofUrA
izfrinkFkZ%
lw;Z% ¾ }kn'khfrfFk% (}kn'kjkf'k"kq laØe.ko'kkr~ lw;ZL; }kn'k:ikf.k mDrkfu&
1- lw;Z%] 2- Hkkuq% 3- jfo%] 4- fgj.;xHkZ%] 5- HkkLdj%] 6- vkfnR;%] 7- ejhfp%]
8- [kx%] 9- fe=k% 10- iw"kk 11- lfork 12- voZQ%)] bZ'k ¾ ,dkn'khfrfFk%
(bZ'k'kCnL; vFkZ% Hkofr #æ% iqjk.ks"kq ,dkn'k#æk% izfl¼k%)] i×Ó ¾ i×ÓehfrfFk% vfXu ¾
r`rh;kfrfFk% (vfXu% f=kfoèkk Hkofr & nkf{k.kkR;% vkoguh;% xkgZiR;%)] jl ¾
"k"BhfrfFk% "kM~jlk% dfFkrk%µ 1- eèkqj% 2- vEy% 3- yo.k% 4- frDr% 5- dVq%
6- d"kk;%] v"V ¾ v"VehfrfFk%] uUnk% ¾ uoehfrfFk% (izkphudkys ikVfyiq=ks exèkns'ks
uUnoa'kh;k% uo jktku% vklu~A vr% uUn 'kCnsu uo la[;k x`ársA) ,rk% frFk;%
lw;kZfnokjs"kq Øe'k%] nXèkk% ¾ nXèkkfrFk;% HkofUrA
osn ¾ prqFkhZfrfFk% (pRokjks osnk% HkofUrµ 1- ½Xosn% 2- lkeosn% 3- ;tqonZs %
4- vFkoZosn%) vÄõ% ¾ "k"BhfrfFk% (osnL; "kMÄõkfu lqizfl¼kfu lfUrµ 1- f'k{kk
2- dYi% 3- O;kdj.ke~ 4- NUn% 5- fu#Dre~ 6- T;ksfr"ke~A vr% ^vÄõ* 'kCnsu "kV~
la[;k x`árs)] lIr ¾ lIrehfrfFk%] vf'o ¾ f}rh;kfrfFk% (vf'ouh oqQekjkS loZnk
;qxy:is.k Hkor% vr% }kS la[;k x`árs)] xt ¾ v"VehfrfFk% (iqjk.ks"kq v"Vxtk%
izfl¼k%)A
vÄï ¾ uoehfrfFk% (xf.krs 'kwU;a ifjR;T; eq[;:is.k vÄïk% uoSo &
1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] 8] 9A vr% vÄï 'kCnsu uo la[;k x`árs)] 'kSyk% ¾ lIrehfrfFk%
(iqjk.ks"kq izkphukuka lIrioZrkuka o.kZua izkI;rs) ,rk% frFk;% lw;kZfnokljs"kq Øes.k] fo"kk[;k ¾
fo"kk[;k frFk;% HkofUrA
lw;%Z ¾ }kn'khfrfFk%] vÄõ% ¾ "k"BhfrfFk%] lIr% ¾ lIrehfrfFk%] mjx% ¾
v"VehfrfFk% (^mjx* 'kCnL; vFkZ% Hkofr liZ% olqokZ] liZ ok mjx 'kCnsu ^v"V* la[;k
x`ársA rs"kka ukekfuµ 1- èkj% 2- èkzoq % 3- lkse% 4- vg% 5- vfuy% 6- vuy%
7- izR;w"k% 8- izHkkl%)] xks ¾ uoehfrfFk%] fnx~ ¾ n'kehfrfFk% (;rks fg vkgR; n'k
fn'k% HkofUrµ 1- iwo%Z 2- if'pe 3- mÙkj% 4- nf{k.k% 5- bZ'kku% 6- vkXus;%
7- uS½RZ ;% 8- ok;O;% 9- czãk (ÅèoZ%) 10- vuUr% (vèk%)A vr% fnx~ 'kCnsu ^n'k*
la[;k x`árs)] bZ'kk ¾ ,dkn'khfrfFk%A ,rk% frFk;ks lw;kZfnokjs ¾ jO;kfnokjs"kq (Øe'k%)]
gqrk'kuk% ¾ gqrk'kulaKdk% HkofUrA
O;k[;k
iwofZ Leu~ ikBs frFkhuka i;kZ;'kCnk% Hkork ifBrk%A rs"kkeso 'kCnkuka iz;ksx% 'yksoQs ¿fLeu~
frfFkla[;kcksèkukFksZ ÑrefLrA izfrinkFkZo.kZukoljs rs"kka ukEuka dkj.kefi mfYyf[kre~A
'yksosQ¿fLeu~ nSoKsu frfFkokjk.kka la;ksxsu leq‰wrkuka nq;ksZx=k;k.kka foospua ÑrefLrA rs p
;ksxk% 1- nXèk;ksxk% 2- fo"k;ksxk% 3- gqrk'ku;ksxk% ukEuk Kk;UrsA ,oSQdL; fo"k;s bnkuha
foLrjs.k tkuhe% µ
45

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 7-51 nXèk;ksxk%
}kn'kh] ,dkn'kh] i×Óeh] r`rh;k] "k"Bh] v"Veh] p uoehA ,rk% frFk;%
jO;kfnokjs"kq Øes.k nXèkk% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ jfookljs }kn'khfrfFk% nXèkk] lkseokljs ,dkn'khfrfFk%
nXèkk] HkkSeokljs i×ÓehfrfFk% nXèkk] cqèkokljs r`rh;kfrfFk% nXèkk] xq#okljs "k"BhfrfFk%]
'kqØokljs v"VehfrfFk% rFkk p 'kfuokljs uoehfrfFk% nXèkkfrfFk% HkofrA ukjnsukfi
mixzgkè;k;s mDre~ µ
,dkn'kh psUnqokjs }kn'kh pkoZQokljsA
"k"Bh c`gLirsokZjs r`rh;k cqèkokljsAA
v"Veh 'kqØokjs p uoeh 'kfuokljsA
i×Óeh HkkSeokjs p nXèk;ksxk% izdh£rrk%AA
,oa izdkjs.k nXèk;ksxk% o£.krk%A iqu% fo"k;ksxkuka fo"k;s tkuhe%A
7-5-2 fo"k;ksxk%
prqFkhZ] "k"Bh] lIreh] f}rh;k] v"Veh uoeh] lIrehA 'yksdkuqlkje~
,rk% frFk;% lw;kZfnokjs"kq fo"kk[;k] ;Fkk jfookljs prqFkhZfrfFk% lkseokljs "k"BhfrfFk%
fo"kk[;k] HkkSeokljs lIrehfrfFk% fo"kk[;k] cqèkokljs f}rh;kfrfFk% fo"kk[;kA ;rksfg cqèks
f}rh;k Hkæk:ik HkofrA xq#okljs v"VehfrfFk% fo"kk[;k] 'kqØokljs uoeh rFkk p
'kfuokljs lIrehfrfFk% fo"kk[;k HkofrA vkpk;Zofl"Bsu ,rs"kka ;ksxkuka ^xn;ksxk%* bfr
laKk iznÙkk &
oqQtkD;ksZ% lIreh "k"Bh pUæs HkkukS prq£FkdkA
f}rh;k Ks¿"Veh thos uoeh 'kqØokljsA
vfpfdRL;k xnk;ksxk ekÄõys"oso fufUnrk%AA
,oa izdkjs.k fo"k;ksxk% o£.krk%A bnkuha gqrk'ku;ksxkuka fo"k;s tkuhe%A
7-5-3 gqrk'ku;ksxk%
}kn'kh] "k"Bh] lIreh] v"Veh] uoeh] n'keh rFkk p ,dkn'khA ,rk%
frFk;% jfookljkfn"kq gqrk'kuk[;k HkofUrA vFkkZr~ jfookljs }kn'khfrfFk% gqrk'kuk[;k
Hkofr] lkseokljs "k"BhfrfFk% gqrk'kuk HkofrA eÄõyokljs lIrehfrfFk% gqrk'kuk] cqèkokljs
v"VehfrfFk% gqrk'kuk[;k] xq#okljs uoehfrfFk%] 'kqØokljs n'kehfrfFk% rFkk p 'kfuokljs
,dkn'khfrfFk% gqrk'kuk[;k HkofrA vkpk;Zofl"Bsu vXus% ;Fkk lIrftàk% HkofUr rFkSo
lIrokjs"kq lIr gqrk'ku;ksxk% HkofUr bfr mDre~A ;rks fg gqrk'ku'kCnL;kfi vFkZ%
¶vfXu¸ ,o HkofrA r|Fkk vkpk;Z% of'k"B% µ
lIr "k"BÔkfnfrFk;% lkseokjkfnfHk;qZrk%A
vfXuftàk% lIr;ksxk eÄõys oqQyuk'kuk%AA
,rs"kka =k;k.kka ;ksxkuka cksèk% pØ:is.k ljyr;k Hkforqa 'kD;rs µ
46
nXèk&fo"k&gqrk'ku;ksxpØe~ ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxk% fuf"k¼'kwU;frFk;'p
oklj% jfo lkse HkkSe cq/ xq# 'kqØ 'kfu
nX/ 12 11 5 3 6 8 9
frFk;%
fo"k 4 6 7 2 8 9 7
gqrk'ku 12 6 7 8 9 10 11
7-6 ;e?k.V;ksxifjp;%
=k;k.kka nq;ksZxkuka o.kZuksijkUra nSoKsu vfxzes 'yksosQ ;e?k.V;ksxfo"k;s o£.kre~ µ
e?kkfo'kk[kkf'koewyofÉ%A
czkãa djks¿oQkZ|e?k.Vdk'pA
inPNsn%
e?kk@fo'kk[kk@f'ko@ewy@ofÉ%@czkãe~@dj%@vdkZr~@;e?k.Vdk%@pA
vUo;%
e?kk fo'kk[kk f'ko ewy ofÉ czkãa dj% p (,rkfu u{k=kkf.k) vdkZr~ ;e?k.Vdk%
(L;q%)A
izfrinkFkZ%
e?kk ¾ e?kku{k=ke~] fo'kk[kk ¾ fo'kk[kku{k=ke~] f'ko% ¾ vkækZu{k=ke~] ewy ¾
ewyu{k=ke~] ofÉ% ¾ ÑfÙkdku{k=ke~] czkãa ¾ jksfg.khu{k=ke~] dj% ¾ gLru{k=ke~] p ,rkfu
u{k=kkf.k vdkZr~ ¾ Øes.k lw;kZfnokljkr~] ;e?k.Vdk% ¾ ;e?k.Vk% L;q%A
O;k[;k
br% iwo± Hkork frfFkokjk.kka la;ksxsu fu£erk% ;ksxk% ifBrk%A bnkuha Hkoku~ u{k=kS%
lg okjk.kka la;ksxsu fofu£erka nq"V;ksxkuka Kkua izkIL;frA fofoèkkuka u{k=kk.kka okjS% lg
la;ksxsu ;e?k.Vukedk% ;ksxk% HkofUrA 'yksosQ mDra ;r~ e?kk] fo'kk[kk] vkækZ] ewye~ ]
ÑfÙkdk] jksfg.kh rFkk p gLra] ,rkfu u{k=kkf.k lw;kZfnokjs"kq ;e?k.Vk% L;q%A vFkkZr~
jfookljs e?kku{k=ks ;e?k.V%] lkseokljs fo'kk[kku{k=ks.k lg la;ksxsu ;e?k.V;ksx% Hkofr]
eÄõyokljs vkækZu{k=ks lfr ;e?k.V;ksxks tk;rs] cqèkokljs ewyu{k=ks] xq#okljs ÑfÙkdku{k=ks]
'kqØokljs jksfg.khu{k=kla;ksxsu rFkk p 'kfuokljs gLru{k=kla;ksxsu ;e?k.V;ksxk% HkofUrA
xxZL;kfi ,rnso ere~ µ
e?kkfo'kk[kk vkækZ p ewye`{ka p ÑfÙkdkA
jksfg.khgLr bR;soa ;e?k.Vk% Øekæos%AA
7-6-1 ;e?k.V;ksxifjgkj%
Vhdkdkjs.k LFkkuo'kkr~] xzgk.kka fLFkfro'kkr~ rFkk p dkyo'kkr~ izdkj=k;s.k
;e?k.V;ksxkuka ifjgkj% fu£n"V%A nSoKsu rq u fdefi ifjgkjlUnHksZ mDre~A
izFkea LFkkuo'kknqDra ;r~ foUè;L; mÙkj Hkkxs ;kor~ rqfgukpya fgeky;e~
vfLr rkoRi;ZUreso ;e?k.Vnks"k% vfLr vU;ns'ks rq vL; izHkko% ukfLr µ 47

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% foUè;L;ksÙkjHkkxs rq ;konkrqfgukpye~A
;e?k.Vdnks"kks¿fLr ukU;ns'ks dnkpuAA
f}rh;eqDra ;r~ ;fn yXuLFkkukr~ 'kqHkxzgk% osQUæLFkkus"kq (vFkkZr~
yXuoqQ.MY;k% izFke&prqFkZ&lIre&n'keHkkos"kq) vFkok f=kdks.kLFkkus (i×Óes&uoes ok
Hkkos) fLFkrk% L;q% vFkok lcy% pUæ% ,rs"kq LFkkus"kq fLFkrks HkosÙknk ;e?k.V;ksxL;
v'kqHkiQya u HkofrA ;FkksDre~ µ
yXukPNqHkxzg% osQUæs f=kdks.ks¿ofLFkrks ;fnA
pUæks okfi u nks"k% L;k|e?k.VdlEHko%AA
r`rh;Lrq mDra dkyo'kkr~ ?ke?k.Vnks"kifjgkj% osQ"kk×Óu~ vkpk;kZ.kka erefLr
;r~ ;e?k.V;ksxL; vkfnek% v"V?kfVdk% R;kT;k% HkofUr] vFkkZr~ v"V?kVÔuUrja ;e?k.V;ksxL;
v'kqHkiQya u HkofrA ;Fkk mDra nhfidk;ke~ µ
;e?k.Vs R;tsn"VkS e`R;kS }kn'k ukfMdk% A
vkpk;Z% ofl"BL; erefLr ;r~ ,rs"kak prq.kk± iki;ksxkuka iQya fnokdkys
,o Hkofr u rq jkf=kdkysA vr% jkf=kdkys ,rs"kak nq"V;ksxkuka ikiiQya u HkofrA ;FkksDre~µ
fnoke`R;qiznk% ikik nks"kkLRosrs u jkf=k"kqA
'kqHkdk;ZizlwrkS p loZnk ifjotZ;sr~AA
,oa izdkjs.k Hkork ;e?k.Vnks"kL; mRifÙk%] rL; ifjgkjfo"k;s p Kkre~]
bnkuha o;a iwoZifBrkuka nq"V;ksxkuka iQykfu iBke%A
7-6-2 nXèkfo"kgqrk'ku;e?k.V;ksxkuka iQye~

;Fkk JhjkenSoKL; oSf'k"VÔa orZrs rnuqx.q keso rsu ,rs"kka prq.kk± nq"V;ksxkuka
iQya ,dL;keso iƒkS fu£n"Ve~ µ
¶'kqHks fooT;kZ xeus Roo';e~A¸
inPNsn%
'kqHks@fooT;kZ%@xeus@rq@vo';e~A
vUo;%
(,rs iwoksZDrk% pRokj% nq"V;ksxk%) 'kqHks (dk;sZ) fooT;kZ xeus rq
vo';e~ (,o fooT;kZ% HkofUr)A
izfrinkFkZ%
,rs iwoksZDrk% pRokj% nq"V;ksxk% 'kqHks ¾ 'kqHkdk;sZ"kq] fooT;kZ ¾ otZuh;k%]
xeus ¾ ;k=kk;ka] rq] vo';e~ ¾ fo'ks"k:is.k otZuh;k%A
O;k[;k
Hkork nXèkfo"kgqrku'ku;e?k.V;ksxkuka fo"k;s br% iwo± ifBre~A nSoKsu
xzUFkL; f}rh;s 'yksoQs ,oa fyf[kre~ µ ¶laf{kIrlkjkFkZfoyklxHkZe¸~ A vr% laf{kIrlkj:is.k
,rs"kka prq.kk± nq;ksZxkuka iQyefi 'yksdL; vfUres ikns ,dfLeÂso okD;s fyf[kra ;r~ ,rs
48
nXèkkfn;ksxk% 'kqHkdk;sZ R;kT;k% HkofUr ijUrq ;k=kk;ka rq vo';eso oT;kZ% HkofUrA ;Fkkg ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxk% fuf"k¼'kwU;frFk;'p
ekrZ.M% µ
uk=k ;k=kk izdÙkZO;k dk;kZUrjeFkkfi okA
;e?k.Vkfn;ksxks¿;eugZ% loZdeZlqAA
;k=kk;ke~ ,rs"kak fo'ks"k:is.k fu"ksèk% o£.kr%A vkpk;Zc`gLirs% erefLr
;r~ ;fn fo"kk[;k;ksxs 'kqHkdk;± fØ;rs psr~ oqQyL; uk'ka Hkofr µ
¶;ksxk% fo"kk[;k% oqQyuk'kuk% L;q%A¸
rFkk p ofl"Bsu fo"kk[;;ksxL; xn;ksx% bfr laKk iznÙkk rFkk ,rs
fo"kk[;;ksxk% vfpfdRL;k% lUrhfr fu£n"Ve~ vFkkZr~ fo"kk[;;ksxL; ifjgkj% ukLrhfr
o£.kr% µ
vfpfdRL;k xnk;ksxk eÄõys"oso fufUnrk%¸
gqrk'ku;ksxfo"k;s mDra ;r~ ;Fkk vfXu% lokZu~ oLrwu~ ngfr rFkk
v;efi ;ksx% losZ"kka 'kqHkdk;kZ.kka ngua djksfrA vXus% lIrftàk% HkofUrA rFkSo ofl"Bsu
lIrgqrk'ku;ksxkuka vXus% ftàk:is.k o.kZua ÑRok iQyeqDra ;r~ vfLeu~ ;ksxs 'kqHkdk;sZ Ñrs
lfr oqQyL; uk'k% Hkofr µ
¶vfXuftàk% lIr;ksxk% eÄõys oqQyuk'kuk%¸AA bfr
6-3 frfFkokju{k=k;ksxlkj.kh
br% iwo± ifBrkuka frfFkokju{k=kk.kka la;ksxsu fofu£erkuka ;ksxkuka Kkua lkj.;k
ljyr;k drq± 'kD;rsA vr% pØ:is.k v=k izn';Zrs µ
la[;k okj jfo lkse eÄõy cq/ xq# 'kqØ 'kfu

fl¼;ksx x t;k
x Hkæk iw.kkZ uUnk fjÙkQk
1 3@ø@ûý ü@÷@ûü ÿ@ûú@ûÿ û@ö@ûû þ@ù@ûþ
2 ve`r;ksx uUnk Hkæk uUnk t;k fjÙkQk Hkæk iw.kkZ
û@ö@ûû ü@÷@ûü û@ö@ûû ý@ø@ûý þ@ù@ûþ ü@÷@ûü ÿ@ûú@ûÿ
3 nX/ u- Hkj.kh fp=kk m-"kk<k /fu"Bk m-iQk- T;s"Bk jsorh
4 Ødp;ksx% ûü ûû ûú ù ø ÷ ö
5 laorZd ÷ x x û x x x
6 nX/ ûü ûû ÿ ý ö ø ù
7 fo"k þ ö ÷ ü ø ù ÷
8 gqrk'ku ûü ö ÷ ø ù ûú ûû
9 ;e?k.V e?kk fo'kk[kk vkækZ ewy ÑfÙkdk jksfg.kh gLr
7-7 pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;frFk;%

eqgwrZ'kkL=ks izR;sd¿fLeu~ ekls dk'pu~ frFk;% 'kwU;frfFk:is.k ifjxf.krk% lfUrA
rklka lUnHksZ o;fenkuha tkuhe%A pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;frFkhuka cksèkukFksZ nSoKsu fyf[kre~ µ
49

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% Hkkæs pUæn`'kkS uHkL;uyus=ks ekèkos }kn'kh
ikS"ks osn'kjk b"ks n'kf'kok ekxsZ¿fæukxk eèkkSA
xks¿"VkS pksHk;i{kxk'p frFk;% 'kwU;k cqèkS% dh£rrk A
ÅtkZ"kk<riL; 'kqØrilka Ñ".ks 'kjkÄõkCèk;%AA
'kØk% i×Ó flrs 'kØkæÔfXufo'ojlk% Øekr~A
inPNsn%
Hkkæs@pUæ%@n`'k%@uHkfl@vuy@us=ks @ekèkos@}kn'kh@ikS"ks@osn@'kjk%@b"ks@n'k@f'kok@
ekxs Z @ vfæ@ukxk@eèkkS @ xks @ v"VkS @ p@mHk;i{kxk%@p@frFk;%@'kw U ;k@cq è kS % @dh£rrk%@ÅtZ @
vk"kk<@riL;@'kq Ø @rilke~ @ Ñ".ks @ 'kj@vÄõ @ vCèk;%@'kØk%@i×Ó@flrs @ 'kØ@vfæ@
vfXu@fo'o@jlk%@Øekr~A
vUo;%
Hkkæs pUæn`'kkS (frFkh 'kwU;laKosQ rFkk) uHkfl vuyus=ks (mHk;i{kxs 'kwU;laKosQ)
ekèkos }kn'kh (frfFk% 'kwU;k) ikS"ks osn'kjk% ('kwU;s)A b"ks n'kf'kok% ('kwU;s)A ekxsZ
vfæukxk% (frFkh 'kwU;s) eèkkS xks¿"VkS p ('kwU;s)A (,"kq ekls"kq ,rk%) frFk;% mHk;i{kxk%
'kwU;k cqèkS% dh£rrk%A (vFk vuqÙkQeklkuke~) ÅtZ&vk"kk<&riL; 'kqØrilka Ñ".ks (i{ks
Øes.k) 'kj&vÄõ&vCèk;%&'kØk%&i×Ó (frFk;% 'kwU;k[;k)A flrs (i{ks) 'kØ vfæ vfXu
fo'o jlk% Øekr~ ('kwU;k% frFk;% HkofUr)A
izfrinkFkZ%
Hkkæs ¾ Hkkæinekls] pUæn`'kkS ¾ izfrin~&f}rh;s frFkh] 'kwU;s rFkk] uHkfl ¾
Jko.kekls] vuyus=ks ¾ r`rh;kf}rh;s] mHk;i{kxs 'kwU;s] ikS"ks ¾ ikS"kekls] osn'kjk% ¾
prqFkhZi×ÓE;kS 'kwU;s] b"ks ¾ vkf'ous] n'kf'kok% ¾ n'kE;sdkn';kS 'kwU;s] ekxsZ ¾ ekxZ'kh"kZekls]
vfæukxk% ¾ lIrE;"VE;kS 'kwU;sA eèkkS ¾ pS=kekls ] xks¿"VkS ¾ uoE;"VE;kS 'kwU;s] ,"kq ekls"kq
,rk% frFk;%] mHk;i{kxk% ¾ i{k};xk%] Ñ".ks 'kqDys p i{ks] 'kwU;k% ¾ 'kwU;frFk;%]
cqèkS% ¾ fo}f‰%] dh£rrk% ¾ izfrikfnrk%] ÅtkZ"kk<riL;'kqØrilka ¾ dk£rdk"kk<iQkYxqu&
T;s"Bek?keklkuka] Ñ".ks ¾ Ñ".ki{ks] Øes.k] 'kj% ¾ i×ÓehfrfFk%] vÄõ% ¾ "k"BhfrfFk%]
vfCèk% ¾ prqFkhZfrfFk% (iqjk.ks"kq prq.kk± leqæk.kka o.kZua izkI;rs)] 'kØk% ¾ prqnZ'khfrfFk%
(prqnZ'k la[;dkuke~ bUæk.kka iqjk.ks"kq o.kZua izkI;rs)] i×Ó ¾ i×Óeh frfFk%] (,rk% frFk;%
'wkU;kn;% HkofUr)] flrs ¾ 'kqDys i{ks] 'kØ% ¾ prqnZ'khfrfFk%] vfæ% ¾ lIrehfrfFk%]
vfXu% ¾ r`rh;kfrfFk%] fo'o ¾ =k;ksn'khfrfFk%] jlk% ¾ "k"BhfrfFk%] Øekr~ ¾ Øe'k%]
'kwU;frFk;% HkofUrA
O;k[;k
JhjkenSoK% 'yksosQ¿fLeu~ }kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;frFkhuka izfriknua djksfrA }kn'keklkuka
ukekfu oSfnddkyknso izkI;UrsA ijUrq rkfu ukekfu pS=k&oS'kk[k&T;s"B& vk"kk<&bR;kfn u
vklu~A ;Fkk bnkuha izpyfUrA rs"kka ukekfu eèkq] ekèko vkfn:is.k osns izkI;UrsA ys[kosQu
'yksosQ¿fLeu~ eklkuka oSfndukekfu vfi iz;qDrkfuA ;Fkk oS'kk[keklL; ekèko laKk]
pS=keklL; eèkq%] dk£rdeklL; ÅtZ bR;kfnA 'kwU;frFkhuka lUnHksZ mDra ;r~ Hkkæinekls
mHk;ks% i{k;ks% vFkkZr~ 'kqDys Ñ".ks p i{ks izfrin~f}rh;kS frFkh 'kwU;s frFkh Hkor%A vFkkZr~
Hkkæinekls prlz% frFk;% 'kwU;frFk;% HkofUrA rk% Øe'k% 'kqDyi{kL; izfrink] 'kqDyi{kL;
50 f}rh;k] r`rh;k Ñ".ki{kL; izfrink] prqFkhZ Ñ".ki{kL; f}rh;kA Jko.k ekls p r`rh;kf}rh;s
frFkh 'kwU;s Hkor%A oS'kk[kekls }kn'khfrfFk% 'kwU;k HkfrA ikS"kekls prqFkhZi×ÓE;kS 'kwU;s ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxk% fuf"k¼'kwU;frFk;'p
Hkor%A vkf'ouekls n'kE;sdkn';kS frFkh 'kwU;s Hkor%A ekxZ'kh"kZekls lIrE;"VE;kS frFkh
'kwU;s Hkor%A pS=kekls uoE;"VE;kS 'kwU;s Hkor%A ,"kq iwoZdfFkrs"kq ekls"kq ,rk% frFk;%
i{k};xk% 'kwU;k% HkofUr bfr izkphukuka fonq"kka erefLrA vFkkZr~ mDr frFk;% mHk;i{k;ks%
xzkákA ;Fkk ikS"kekls prqFkhZi×Óeh frFkh 'kwU;s bfr fu£n"Ve~ vusu ,rr~ voèks;a ;r~
ikS"keklL; 'kqDyi{kL; prqFkhZi×ÓehfrFkh rFkk p Ñ".ki{kL;kfi prqFkhZi×ÓehfrFkh 'kwU;s
Hkor%A
'yksosQ vxzs mDra ;r~ dk£rdk"kk<iQkYxquT;s"Bek?kkuka Ñ".ki{ks Øes.k i×Óeh]
"k"Bh] prqFkhZ] prqnZ'kh rFkk i×Óeh frFk;% 'kwU;k% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ dk£rdÑ".ki{ks i×Óeh
'kwU;k] vk"kk<+Ñ".ki{ks "k"Bh 'kwU;k] iQkYxquÑ".ki{ks prqFkhZ 'kwU;k] T;s"BÑ".ki{ks prqnZ'kh
'kwU;k] ek?kÑ".ki{ks p i×Óeh 'kwU;kA
rFkk p ,rs"kkeso dk£rdk"kk<iQkYxquT;s"Bek?kkuka 'kqDyi{ks Øes.k prqn'Z kh] lIreh]
r`rh;k] =k;ksn'kh rFkk p "k"Bh frFk;% 'kwU;k% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ dk£rd'kqDyi{ks prqnZ'kh
'kwU;k Hkofr] vk"kk<+'kqDyi{ks lIreh 'kwU;k] iQkYxqu'kqDyi{ks r`rh;k 'kwU;k] T;s"B'kqDys
=k;ksn'kh 'kwU;k] ek?k'kqDys "k"Bh 'kwU;k HkofrA ,oa izdkjs.k }kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;frFk;%
HkofUrA 'kwU;frFkhuka iQya eg£"k ofl"Bsu o£.kra ;r~ ,rk% ekl'kwU;frFk;% oa'kL; foÙkL;
p uk'ka oqQoZfUrA vr% ,rklq frfFk"kq fdefi eÄõydk;± 'kqHkdk;± u dj.kh;e~A Jk¼kfn &
fir`dk;kZf.k 'kwU;frfFk"kq dÙkq± 'kD;UrsA Vhdkdkjs.k ofl"BL; opuesrr~ Vhdk;ka fu£n"Ve~µ
frFk;ks ekl'kwU;k[;k oa'kfoÙkfouk'knk%A
vklq Jk¼a izoqQohZr uSo eÄõykpjsr~AA
7-7-1 'kwU;frfFkcksèkpØe~
Ø- 'kqDyi{ks Ñ".ki{ks
ekl
la- 'kwU;frFk;% 'kwU;frFk;%
1 pS=k% ø]ù ø]ù
2 oS'kk[k% ûü ûü
3 T;s"B% ûý ûþ
4 vk"kk<+% ÷ ö
5 Jko.k% ü]ý ü]ý
6 Hkkæin~ û]ü û]ü
7 vkf'ou ûú]ûû ûú]ûû
8 dk£rd% ûþ ÿ
9 ekxZ'kh"kZ% ÷]ø ÷]ø
10 ikS"k% þ]ÿ þ]ÿ
11 ek?k% ö ÿ
12 iQkYxqu% ý þ
poszQ.k 'kwU;frFkhuka cksèk% ljyjhR;k Hkforqa 'kD;rs vr% pØesrr~ v=k
izn£'kr%A 51

8- ^bZ'k* 'kCnsu dL;k% frFks% cksèk% Hkofr\
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9- lkseokljs dk frfFk% nXèkk Hkofr\
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10- cqèkokljs gqrk'ku;ksx% dFka Hkofr\
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11- ekxZ'kh"kZekls dk% frFk;% 'kwU;k% HkofUr\
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12- êkèko* 'kCnsu dL; eklL; cksèk% Hkofr\
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13- ^vfXu%* 'kCnsu ¯d xzkárs\
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14- ek?k'kqDyi{ks dk frfFk% 'kwU;k Hkofr\
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7-8 lkjka'k%
iwoZfLeu~ ikBs Hkork eÄõykpj.ke~] frFkh'kk%] frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKk] jO;kfnokjs"kq
fuf"k¼frFk;%] fuf"k¼u{k=kkf.k bR;kfn fo"k;k% ifBrk%A vfLeu~ ikBs frFkhuka okjS% lg
lacaèksu fofu£erk% Ødpkfn fuU|;ksxk% ifBrk%A fo'ks"k:is.k frfFkokj;ks% la[;k;ksx% ;nk
=k;ksn'k Hkofr rnkuheso Ødp;ksx% HkofrA "k"Bh] vekoL;k] izfrink frFkhuka nUrèkkous
fu"ksèk% HkofrA "k"BÔka rSykysiue~] v"VE;ka ekalHk{k.ke~] prqnZ';ka {kkSjdk;Ze~] vekoL;ka
eSFkqua u dj.kh;e~A 12]11]5]3]6]8]9 ,rk% frFk;% jO;kfnokjs"kq Øe'k% nXèkkfrFk;%
HkofUrA 4]6]7]2]8]9]7 ,rk% frFk;% jO;kfnokjs"kq Øe'k% fo"kk[;k% frFk;% HkofUrA
12]6]7]8]9]10]11 ,rk% frFk;% jO;kfnokjs"kq gqrk'kuk% HkofUrA e?kk]fo'kk[kk]vkækZ]ewy]a
ÑfÙkdk] jksfg.kh] gLre~ ,rkfu u{k=kkf.k jO;kfnokjs"kq Øe'k% ;e?k.Vk[;kfu HkofUrA ,rs"kq
prq"kqZ nq"V;ksxslq 'kqHkdk;kZf.k u fØ;Urs fo'ks"k:is.k ;k=kkfu"ksèk% orZrsA pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq
mHk;s i{ks fofoèkk% frFk;% 'kwU;k% HkofUrA pS=ks 8]9] oS'kk[ks 12] T;s"Bekls 'kqDys 13]
52 Ñ".ks 14] vk"kk<+s 'kqDys 7] Ñ".ks 6] Jko.ks 2]3] Hkkæins 1]2] vkf'ous 10]12
dk£rosQ 'kqDys 14 ] Ñ".ks 5] ekxZ'kh"ksZ 7] 8] ikS"ks 4]5] ek?k'kqDys 6] Ñ".ks 5] ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxk% fuf"k¼'kwU;frFk;'p
iQkYxqu'kqDys 3] Ñ".ks 4 frFk;% ekl'kwU;frFk;% HkofUrA ekl'kwU;kfrFk;% oa'kfoÙkuk'knk%
HkofUr] ,rklq frFk"kq Jk¼dk;kZfn fir`dk;kZf.k drZO;kfuA
7-9 'kCnkoyh
1- jnèkkoue~ ¾ nUrèkkoue~A
2- vek ¾ vekoL;kfrfFk%A
3- iye~ ¾ ekalHk{k.ke~A
4- vH;×tua ¾ 'kjhjs gfjæk;qDrrSykysiue~A
5- èkk=khiQye~ ¾ vkeydiQye~ (vk¡oyk)A
6- f'ko% ¾ vkækZu{k=ke~A
7- mjx% ¾ liZ%] v"VehfrfFk%A
8- vugZ% ¾ v;ksX;%A
9- uHkfl ¾ Jko.keklsA
10- ÅtZ% ¾ dk£rdekl%A
11- 'kØ% ¾ prqn'Z khfrfFk%A
12- eèkkS ¾ pS=keklsA
13- ekèkos ¾ oS'kk[keklsA
14- vÄõe~ ¾ osnL; "kMÄõkfu] "k"BhfrfFk%A
15- fo'o% ¾ =k;ksn'khfrfFk%A
7-10 lUnHkZxzUFkk%
1- eqgrw fZ pUrkef.k%] JheækenSoKfojfpr%] O;k[;k & Jh foUè;s'ojhizlkn
f}osnh] pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh izdk'ku] okjk.klhA
7-11 lgk;dxzUFkk%
1- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] 'kÄïdjckyÑ".knhf{kr%] vuqokn & f'koukFk
>kj[k.Mh] mÙkjizns'kfgUnhlaLFkku] y[kuÅA
2- jRuekyk] pkS[kEHkklaLÑrlaLFkku] okjk.klhA
3- T;ksfr£onkHkj.ke~] pkS[kEHkklaLÑrlaLFkku] okjk.klhA
1- ;fn frfFkokj;ks% ;ksx% =k;ksn'k Hkofr rnk Ødp;ksx% HkofrA
53

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 2- jfookljs }kn'khfrFkkS Ødp;ksx% HkofrA
3- cqèkokljs izfrinkfrFkkS laorZd;ksx% HkofrA
4- "k"Bh]izfrink]vekoL;k frFk;% nUrèkkous fuf"k¼k% HkofUrA
5- prqnZ';ka frFkkS {kkSjdk;± u dj.kh;e~A
6- =k;ksn'kh]n'keh rFkk p f}rh;k frfFk"kq rSykH;Äõa u dj.kh;e~A
7- nhikoyh iosZ vekoL;k;kefi eSFkqua dÙkq± 'kD;rsA
8- ^bZ'k*'kCnsu ,dkn'khfrfFk% x`ársA
9- lkseokljs ,dkn'khfrfFk% nXèkk HkofrA
10- cqèkokljs v"VehfrFkkS gqrk'ku;ksx% HkofrA
11- ekxZ'kh"kZekls mHk;ks% i{k;ks% lIrE;"VE;kS frFkh 'kwU;s Hkor%A
12- êkèko* 'kCnsu oS'kk[kekl% x`ársA
13- ^vfXu* 'kCnsu r`rh;kfrFks% cksèk% HkofrA
14- ek?k'kqDyi{ks "k"BhfrfFk% 'kwU;k HkofrA
7-13 vH;kliz'uk%
1- jO;kfnokjs"kq Ødp;ksxk% dFka HkofUr\ o.;Zrke~A
2- ÑR;fo'ks"ks"kq fuf"k¼frFkhuka o.kZua djksrqA
3- gqrk'ku;ksxkuka foospua djksrqA
4- ;e?k.V;ksxL; ifjgkjku~ fy[krqA
5- pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;frFkhuka laf{kIro.kZua djksrqA
w
54
v"Ve% ikB% (pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ) pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
ikBlajpuk
8-1 izLrkouk
8-2 mís';e~
8-3 frfFku{k=klEcfUèknks"kk%
8-3-1 nks"kcksèkdpØe~
8-4 pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k
8-4-1 'kwU;u{k=kcksèkpØe~
8-4-2 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka iQye~
cksèkiz'uk%
8-5 pS=kkfneklifjp;%
8-5-1 eklkuka lS¼kfUrdjhR;k foospue~
8-5-2 cksèkpØe~
8-6 pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;jk'k;%
8-6-1 jkf'kifjp;%
8-6-2 jk'khuka f}LoHkkokfn laKk
8-6-3 jk'khuka L=kh&iq#"k] ozwQjlkSE;kfn Hksnk%
8-6-4 jk'khuka iwokZfnfno~Q o.kZKkua p
8-6-5 jk'khuka o.ksZ"kq foHkktua
8-7 'kwU;frfFku{k=kjkf'kcksèkpØe~
cksèkiz'uk%
8-8 lkjka'k%
8-9 'kCnkoyh
8-10 lUnHkZxzUFk%
8-11 lgk;dxzUFkk%
8-13 vH;kliz'uk%
8-1 izLrkouk
iwofZ Leu~ ikBs Hkoku~ frFkhuka okjS% lg la;ksxus fofu£erkuka Ødp&laorZdkfnnq"V;ksxkuka
fo"k;s ifBroku~A fofoèkklq frfFk"kq dkfu dk;kZf.k u drZO;kfu bR;fi Hkork Kkre~A
lw;kZfnokjk.kka fofoèkkfHk% frfFkfHk% lg la;ksxus v'kqHkiQynk;dkuka nXèk&fo"k&gqrk'ku;ksxkuka
fo"k;s Hkoku~ ifBroku~A rFkk p okjS% lg u{k=kk.kka la;ksxsu fu£erkuka ;e?k.V;ksxkuka
fuekZ.ka iQya ifjgkja p Hkork ifBre~A pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;frFkhuka ifjp;% izkIr%A
fofoèkkuka pØk.kka ekè;esu laf{kIrljyjhR;k p ,rs fo"k;k% voxrk%A
;Fkk dk'pu~ frFk;% 'kqHkdk;sZ"kq fufUnrk% HkofUr rFkSo dkfufpr~ u{k=kkf.k vfi
fofoèkklq frfFk"kq fuf"k¼kfu HkofUrA ikBs¿fLeu~ rs"kak fo"k;s Hkoku~ KkL;frA rFkk }kn'kekls"kq
'kwU;u{k=kkf.k] rs"kka iQykfu p ifB";frA rFkSo pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;jk'k;% vfi HkofUrA
lUnHksZ¿fLeu~ pS=kkfneklk% osQ lfUr\ rs"kka x.kuk dFka Hkofr\ rs"kka ukekfu dFka
fuèkkZfjrkfu\ bR;srs"kka iz'ukuka p lekèkkua ikBs¿fLeu~ iznh;rsA rFkk p jk'kh.kka ifjp;%
vfi foLrjs.k izlÄõs¿fLeu~ ikBs iznÙk% vfLrA jk'khuka Lo:ikuqlkja rs"kka ukekfu
55

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% fuèkkZfjrkfu lfUr bfr Hkoku~ KkL;frA foLr`rL;kfi fo"k;L; foospua laf{kIrjhR;k lkj.kh}kjk]
cksèkpØk.kka ekè;esu p dÙkq± 'kD;rsA vr% ljyjhR;k vocksèkukFksZ ;FkkLFkkua lkfj.khfHk%
fo"k;izfriknua ÑrefLrA vr% ikBs¿fLeu~ frfFku{k=klEcfUèknks"kk%] 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k] 'kwU;jk'k;%]
pS=kkfneklkuka ifjp;%] jkf'kifjp;% bR;kfn fo"k;ku~ ifB";frA
8-2 mís';e~
Ø frfFku{k=klacaèksu tkrkuka nks"kk.kka Kkua dkjf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka ifjp;a iznkrqa 'k{;frA
Ø pS=kkfneklkuka foLrjs.k ifjp;a izkIL;frA
Ø pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;jk'kh.kka fuèkkZj.ks {ke% Hkfo";frA
Ø jk'khLo:ia izdVf;rqa 'k{;frA
Ø ,rs"kka fo"k;k.kke~ vè;;usu eqgwrZfuèkkZj.ks iVq% Hkfo";frA
8-3 frfFku{k=klEcfUèknks"kk%
iwoZfLeu~ ikBs Hkork okj&frfFktk% okj&u{k=kla;ksxtk% nq"V;ksxk% ifBrk%A ;Fkk
okjfrF;ks%] u{k=k&okj;ks% lacaèksu nq;ksZxk% HkofUr rFkSo frfFku{k=k;ks% lEcUèksukfi nq"V;ksxk%
tk;UrsA rs"kkefi cksèk% eqgwÙkkZuka KkukFksZ vR;Ureko';defLr vr% nSoK% vxzs
frfFku{k=klEcfUèkrku~ nks"kku~ o.kZ;fr &
rFkk fuU|a 'kqHks lki± }kn';ka oS'oekfnesAA
vuqjkèkk f}rh;k;ka i×ÓE;ka fi=;Hka rFkkA
=;qÙkjk'p r`rh;k;kesdkn';ka p jksfg.khAA
Lokrhfp=ks =k;ksn';ka lIrE;ka gLrjk{klsA
uoE;ka Ñfrdk"VE;ka iwHkk "k"VÔka p jksfg.khAA
inPNsn%
rFkk@fuU|e~@'kqHks@lkiZe~@}kn';ke~@oS'oe~@vkfnes@vuqjkèkk@f}rh;k;ke~@i×ÓE;ke~ @
fi=;Hke~@rFkk@f=k@mÙkjk%@p@r`rh;k;ke~@,dkn';ke~@[email protected]@Lokrhfp=ks@=k;ksn';ke~@lIrE;ke~@
gLrjk{kls@uoE;ke~@Ñfrdk@v"VE;ke~@iwHkk@"k"BÔke~@[email protected]
vUo;%
rFkk 'kqHks (ÑR;s) }kn';ka lki± fuU|a] vkfnes (frFkkS) oS'oa (fuU|a)] f}rh;k;ke~
vuqjkèkk (fuU|k)] rFkk i×ÓE;ka fi=;Hka (fuU|e~)A r`rh;k;ka p =;qÙkjk% (fuU|k%)
,dkn';ka p jksfg.kh (fuU|k)] =k;ksn';ka Lokrhfp=ks (u{k=ks fuU|s)] lIrE;ka gLrjk{kls
(u{k=ks fuU|s)] uoE;ka ÑfÙkdk (fuU|k)] v"VE;ka iwHkk (u{k=ka fuU|a)] (rFkk) p "k"B~;ka
jksfg.kh (fuU|k Hkofr)A
izfrinkFkZ%
56
rFkk 'kqHks ¾ 'kqHkdk;sZ"kq] }kn';ka ¾ }kn'khfrFkkS] lki± ¾ ;L; u{k=kL; Lokeh liZ%
Hkofr rr~ vk'ys"kku{k=ke~ ] fuU|a ¾ fuf"k¼a Hkofr] vkfnes ¾ izfrinkfrFkkS] oS'oe~ ¾ pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
mÙkjk"kk<+ku{k=ka (;rks fg rL; Lokeh fo'osnsok Hkofr) fuU|a HkofrA f}rh;k;ke~ ¾ frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
f}rh;kfrFkkS] vuqjkèkk ¾ vuqjkèkku{k=ka fuU|a Hkofr rFkk i×ÓE;ka ¾ i×ÓehfrFkkS] fi=;Hka ¾
;L; u{k=kL; vfèkifr% firj% Hkofr rr~ e?kku{k=ke~] fuU|a HkofrA r`rh;k;ka ¾
r`rh;kfrFkkS p =;qÙkjk% ¾ mÙkjk=k;u{k=kkf.k vFkkZr~ mÙkjkIkQkYxquh] mÙkjk"kk<k] mÙkjkHkkæin
u{k=kkf.k] fuU|kfu HkofUrA ,dkn';ka ¾ ,dkn'khfrFkkS p ] jksfg.kh ¾ jksfg.khu{k=ka fuU|a
HkofrA =k;ksn';ka ¾ =k;ksn'khfrFkkS] Lokrhfp=ks ¾ Lokrh p fp=kk p u{k=ks fuU|s Hkor%A
lIrE;ka ¾ lIrehfrFkkS] gLrjk{kls ¾ gLra p jk{kla p] ewyu{k=kL; Lokeh jk{kl% Hkofr
vr% gLra p ewya p u{k=k};a fuU|s Hkor%A uoE;ka ¾ uoehfrFkkS] ÑfÙkdk ¾
Ñfrdku{k=ka] fuU|a HkofrA v"VE;ka ¾ v"VehfrFkkS] iwHkk ¾ iwokZHkkæinu{k=ka fuU|a Hkofr]
rFkk p] "k"BÔka ¾ "k"BhfrFkkS] jksfg.kh ¾ jksfg.khu{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA
O;k[;k
'yksosQ¿fLeu~ nSoKsu fofoèkklq frfFk"kq fofoèkkuka u{k=kk.kka lacaèksu Hkforkuka
fuU|;ksxkuka o.kZua ÑrefLrA osQ"kk×Óu~ u{k=kk.kka i;kZ;'kCnk% 'yksosQ iz;qDrk%A rs"kka 'kCnkuka
O;k[;k izfrinkFkZy[s kulUnHksZ Ñrk vfLrA rsu ,rs"kka 'yksdkuka Hkko% izfrinkFkZL; vè;;suoS
Li"Va HkofrA 'yksosQ nSoKsu o£.kra ;r~ losZ"ofi 'kqHkdk;sZ"kq }kn';ka frFkkS vk'ys"kku{k=ka
fuU|a HkofrA izfrinkfÙkFkkS mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA f}rh;kfrFkkS vuqjkèkku{k=ka fuU|a
HkofrA i×ÓE;ka e?kku{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA rFkk p r`rh;k;ka frFkkS mÙkjk=k;e~ vFkkZr~
mÙkjkiQkYxquh&mÙkjk"kk<k&mÙkjkHkkæiÂ{k=kkf.k fuU|kfu HkofUrA ,dkn';ka frFkkS jksfg.khu{k=ka
fuU|a HkofrA =k;ksn';ka frFkkS Lokrhfp=ks u{k=ks fuU|s Hkor%A lIrE;ka frFkkS gLrewys u{k=ks
fuU|s Hkor%A uoE;ka frFkkS Ñfrdku{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA v"VE;ka frFkkS iwokZHkkæin~u{k=ka fuU|a
Hkofr rFkk p "k"BÔka frFkkS jksfg.khu{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA ,oa izdkjs.k JhjkenSoKsu fofoèkklq
frfFk"kq fuU|u{k=kk.kka o.kZua Ñre~A ukEuk ,o Kk;rs ^fuU|%* vFkkZr~ fuUnuh;%A vr%
,rkfu fuU|u{k=kkf.k losZ"ofi dk;sZ"kq fuU|kfu HkofUrA vr% 'kqHkeqgwrkZuka fuèkkZj.ks ,rs"kka
fuU|u{k=kk.kke~ voèkkua foèks;e~A
8-3-1 frfFku{k=knks"kcksèkdpØe~
iwoZifBrkuka frfFku{k=klacfUèkrkuka nks"kk.kka Kkua lkj.;k ljyr;k dÙkq±
'kD;rsA vr% frfFku{k=ktnks"kcksèkpØe=k izLrw;rs µ
57

frfFk u{k=ke~
izfrink mÙkjk"kk<k
f}rh;k vuqjk/k
r`rh;k m-iQkYxquh]mÙkjk"kk<k]mÙkjkHkkæin
i×peh e?kk
"k"Bh jksfg.kh
lIreh gLr%] ewye~
v"Veh iwokZHkkæin
uoeh ÑfÙkdk
,dkn'kh jksfg.kh
}kn'kh vk'ys"kk
=k;ksn'kh fp=kk]Lokrh
8-4 pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k

iwofZ Leu~ ikBs Hkoku~ pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;frFkhuka fo"k;s ifBroku~A ;Fkk pS=kkfnekls"kq
'kwU;frFk;% HkofUr rFkSo 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k vfi HkofUrA rs"kka o.kZua nSoKsu 'yksosQ¿fLeu~
Ñre~ &
dnklzHks Rok"Vok;w fo'osT;kS HkxoklokSA
oS'oJqrkS ikf'kikS".ks vtiknfXufi=;HksAA
fp=kk}h'kkS f'kok'O;dkZ% Jqfrewys ;esUæHksA
pS=kkfnekls 'kwU;k[;kLrkjk% foÙkfouk'knk%AA
inPNsn%
d@nklzHks@Rok"V%@ok;q%@fo'o%@bT;kS@Hkx%@oklokS@oS'o%@JqrkS@ikf'k%@ikS".ks@vtikr~@
vfXu@fi=;Hks @ fp=kk@}h'kkS @ f'ko@vf'o@vdkZ % @Jq f r@ew y s @ ;e@bUæHks @ pS = k@vkfn@ekls @
'kwU;k[;k%@rkjk%@foÙkfouk'knk%A
vUo;%
pS=kkfnekls (Øe'k%) (pS=ks) dnklzHks] (oS'kk[ks) Rok"Vok;w (T;s"Bs) fo'osT;kS]
(vk"kk<s)HkxoklokS (Jko.ks) fp=kk}h'kkS] (ikS"ks)f'kok'O;dkZ% (ek?ks) Jqfrewy]s (iQkYxquekls)
;esUæHks] (,rk%) rkjk% 'kwU;k[;k% (rFkk p) foÙkfouk'knk% HkofUrA
izfrinkFkZ%
pS=kkfnekls ¾ pS=keklknkjH; Øe'k% }kn'kekls"kq] pS=ks d ¾ czãk vFkkZr~ ;L;
u{k=kL; vfèkifr% czãk vfLr rr~ jksfg.khu{k=ke~] nklzHks ¾ vf'ouhu{k=ke~] oS'kk[ks
Rok"V¾ ;L; u{k=kL; vfèkifr% Ro"Vk vfLr rr~ fp=kku{k=ke~] ok;q% ¾ ;L; u{k=kL;
Lokeh ok;q% vfLr rr~ Lokrh u{k=ke~] T;s"Bekls fo'o% ¾ ;L; u{k=kL; Lokeh fo'osnso%
58 vfLr rr~ mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=ke~] bT;% ¾ c`gLifr%] vFkkZr~ iq";u{k=ke~ vk"kk<s Hkx% ¾ ;L;
u{k=kL; Lokeh Hkx% vfLr rr~ iwokZiQkYxquhu{k=ke~] oklo% ¾ ;L; vfèkifr% olq% vfLr pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
rr~ èkfu"Bk u{k=ke~] Jko.kekls oS'o% ¾ mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=ke~] Jqfr% ¾ Jo.ku{k=ke~] Hkkæinekls] frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
ik'kh ¾ o:.k% vFkkZr~ ;L; vfèkifr% o:.k% rr~ 'krfHk"kku{k=ke~] ikS".k% ¾ ;L; u{k=kL;
Lokeh iw"kk vfLr rr~ jsorhu{k=ke~ ] vkf'ouekls] vtikr~ ¾ ;L; Lokeh vtSdikn
vfLr rr~ iwokZHkkæin~u{k=ke~] dk£rdekls] vfXu% ¾ ;L; Lokeh vfXu% rr~ ÑfÙkdku{k=ke~]
fi=;Hka ¾ ;L; Lokeh fir`nso% vfLr rr~ Hke~ vFkkZr~ e?kku{k=ke~] ekxZ'kh"kZekls] fp=kk ¾
fp=kku{k=ke~] }h'k% ¾ ;L; u{k=kL; bZ'k};a Hkofr rr~ fo'kk[ku{k=ke~ ;rksfg fo'kk[kku{k=kL;
bUæ% vfXu% p LokfeukS Hkor%] ikS"kekls] f'ko% ¾ ;L; Lokeh f'ko% vfLr rr~
vkækZu{k=ke~] vf'o ¾ vf'ouhu{k=ke~] voZQ% ¾ lw;Z% ;L;% vfèkifr% rr~ gLru{k=ke~]
ek?kekls] Jqfr% ¾ Jo.ku{k=ke~] ewya ¾ ewyu{k=ke~] iQkYxquekls ;e% ¾ ;e% ;L; Lokeh
rr~ Hkj.khu{k=ke~] bUæHka ¾ ;L; u{k=kL; vfèkifr% bUæ% Hkofr rr~ T;s"Bku{k=ke~] ,rk%]
rkjk% ¾ ;s fi.M vUrfj{ks Lodh;suSo izdk'ksu izdkf'krk% HkofUr vFkkZr~ u{k=kkf.k]
'kwU;k[;k% ¾ 'kwU;laKdk%] rFkk p foÙkuk'knk% ¾ èkuuk'k:ia iQya nnfr ,rkn`'kk% rkjk%
HkofUrA
O;k[;k%
nSoKsu 'yksosQ¿fLeu~ u{k=kk.kka lk{kkr~ ukeys[kuL; LFkkus rs"kka i;kZ;'kCnkuka iz;ksxa
ÑrefLr] rPp izfrinkFkZo.kZulUnHksZ Li"VhÑrefLrA eq[;Rosu izR;sdfLeu~ ekls u{k=k};a
'kwU;k[;efLrA fo'ks"k:is.k vkf'ouekls u{k=kesoaQ rFkk p ikS"kekls u{k=k=k;a 'kwU;k[;efLrA
vU;s"kq ekls"kq }s u{k=ks 'kwU;laKosQ orZsrsA xzUFkdkjs.k o£.kra ;r~ pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq Øe'k%
jksfg.kh vf'ouh] fp=kkLokrh] mÙkjk"kk<kiq";kS] iwokZiQkYxquhèkfu"Bs] mÙkjk"kk<kJo.kkS]
'krfHk"kkjsoR;kS] iwokZHkkæin] ÑfÙkdke?ks] fp=kkfo'kk[ks] vkækZf'ouhgLrk% Jo.kewy]s Hkj.khT;s"Bs
,rkfu u{k=kkf.k ekl'kwU;u{k=kkf.k HkofUr vFkkZr~ pS=kekls jksfg.kh rFkk vf'ouh }s u{k=ks
'kwU;s Hkor%A oS'kk[kekls fp=kku{k=ka Lokrhu{k=ka p 'kwU;s Hkor%A T;s"Bekls mÙkjk"kk<+ku{k=ka
rFkk p iq";u{k=ka 'kwU;laKosQ Hkor%A vk"kk<ekls iwokZiQkYxquh rFkk p èkfu"Bku{k=ks
'kwU;k[;s Hkor%A Jko.kekls mÙkjk"kk<kJo.kkS u{k=ks 'kwU;laKosQ Hkor%A Hkkæin~ekls 'krfHk"kku{k=ka
jsorhu{k=ka p 'kwU;s Hkor%A vkf'ouekls osQoya iwokZHkkæinu{k=kesdeso 'kwU;laKoaQ HkofrA
dk£rdekls ÑfÙkdku{k=ka e?kku{k=ka p 'kwU;s Hkor%A ekxZ'kh"kZekls fp=kkfo'kk[ks u{k=ks
'kw U ;la K os Q Hkor%A ikS " kekls =khf.k u{k=kkf.k 'kw U ;la K dkfu HkofUr rkfu
vkækZ&vf'ouh&gLru{k=kkf.k lfUrA ek?kekls Jo.ku{k=ka ewyu{k=ka p 'kwU;u{k=ks Hkor%A
iQkYxquekls Hkj.khT;s"Bs u{k=ks 'kwU;laKosQ Hkor%A ,oa izdkjs.k pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq dkfufpr~
u{k=kkf.k 'kwU;laKdkfu HkofUrA
8-4-1 'kwU;u{k=kcksèkpØe~
iwoZifBrkuka 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka Kkua lkj.kh}kjk Li"V:is.k ljy:is.k p dÙkq±
'kD;rsA vr% pS=kkfn }kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka KkukFksZ cksèkpØe=k izLrw;rs µ
59

ekl u{k=kkf.k
pS=k% jksfg.kh] vf'ouh
oS'kk[k% fp=kk] Lokrh
T;s"B% mÙkjk"kk<+k]iq";%
vk"kk<% iwokZiQkYxquh] T;s"Bk
Jko.k% mÙkjk"kk<+k] Jo.k%
Hkkæin~ 'krfHk"kk] jsorh
vkf'ou% iwokZHkkæin~
dk£Ùkd% ÑfÙkdk] e?kk
ekxZ'kh"kZ% fp=kk] fo'kk[kk
ikS"k% vkækZ] vf'ouh] gLr%
ek?k% Jo.k%] ewye~
iQkYxqu% Hkj.kh] T;s"Bk
8-4-2 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka iQye~

'yksdL; vfUres ikns xzUFkdkjs.k 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka iQya o£.krefLrA ys[kd%
iQya fy[kfr & ¶'kwU;k[;kLrkjk foÙkfouk'knk%¸
vFkkZr~ 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k fo'ks"k:is.k èkuL; uk'ka oqQoZfUrA ;fn 'kwU;u{k=ks"kq
fdefi uwrua dk;± fØ;rs psr~ dk;Zuk'k% rFkk eq[;r;k èkuuk'k% HkofrA vr% ,rs"kq
u{k=ks"kq 'kqHkdk;kZf.k u foèkkrO;kfuA ofl"BlafgrkxzUFks vkpk;Z ofl"Bsukfi 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka
,rnso iQya o£.krefLr ;r~ 'kwU;u{k=ks ÑrL; dk;ZL; èkuS% lg uk'k% Hkofr & ¶,"kq
;Ùkq Ñra deZ èkuS% lg fou';frA¸
cksèkiz'uk%
1- "k"BÔka frFkkS ¯d u{k=ka fuU|a Hkofr\
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2- ^=;qÙkjk%* 'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\
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3- dL;ka frFkkS vk'ys"kku{k=ka fuU|a Hkofr\
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60
4- dfLeu~ ekls iwokZHkkæin~u{k=ka 'kwU;a Hkofr\ pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
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5- ikS"kekls dfr u{k=kkf.k 'kwU;laKdkfu HkofUr\ ukekfu ys[;kfu\
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6- ^fo'osT;kS* 'kCnL; d% vFkZ%\
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8-5 pS=kkfn eklifjp;%

,rkor~ i;ZUra Hkork pS=kkfnokjs"kq 'kwU;frfFku{k=kknhuka fo"k;s ifBre~A ijUrq
lgt:is.k ftKklk Hkofr ;r~ ,rs"kka pS=kkfn}kn'keklkuka fuekZ.ka fuèkkZj.ka p dFka Hkofr\
dFka ,rs"kka eklkuka izo`fÙk% Hkofr\ vr% bnkuha }kn'keklkuka fo"k;s tkuhe%A O;ogkjs
ekl};a izfl¼efLrA lkSjekl% rFkk pkUæekl%A r=kkfi pkUæeklk% fo'ks"k:is.k izpfyrk%
lfUrA lw;ZL; ,djkf'kHkksxdky ,o lkSjekl% HkofrA rFkk ,dL;k&vekoL;k;k%
f}rh;kekoL;ki;ZUra pkUæekl% HkofrA pS=k%] oS'kk[k%] T;s"B%] vk"kk<%] Jko.k%] Hkkæin~]
vkf'ou%] dk£rd%] ekxZ'kh"kZ%] ikS"k%] ek?k%] iQkYxqu ,rs }kn'kpkUæeklk% izfl¼k% lfUrA
lkSjeklk% cÄõik×Ókyusikykfnns'ks"kq izpfyrk% lfUrA
lw;ZL; es"klaØkfUrr% vkjH; }kn'kjkf'k"kq laØkfUro'kkr~ }kn'klkSjeklk% HkofUrA
,dL; lkSjeklL; ekua 30 fnukfu 10 ?k.VkReoaQ HkofrA rFkk p pkUæeklL; ekua 29
fnukfu] 22 ?k.VkReoaQ HkofrA vr% pkUæo"kZL; vkSlrekua 354 fnukfu 22 ?kVÔkReoaQ
HkofrA izkphufl¼kUrkpk;SZ% pkUæo"kZL; lw{eekua 354 fnukfu 22 ?kV;% 1 iya 23
foiykfu fu£n"VefLrA rFkk p lkSjo"kZL; lw{eekua 365 fnukfu 15 ?kVÔ%] 22 iykfu
57 foiykfu fu£n"VefLrA vr% ,r;ks% o"kZekus izfro"k± 10 fnukfu 53 ?kV;% 11
iykuka vUrja HkofrA vr% ,rnUrja nwjhdÙkq± pkUæo"ksZ ,dL; eklL; o`f¼% HkofrA
,rkn`'kh fLFkfr% izfrr`rh;s o"ksZ Hkofr ;nk d¯Lef'pr~ ekls lw;ZL; laØkfUr% u HkofrA
rL; ¶vfèkekl¸ laKk izkphukpk;SZ% iznÙkk rFkk p ;fLeu~ ekls laØkfUr};a Hkofr rL;
¶{k;ekl¸ laKk izkphukpk;SZ% iznÙkkA ;Fkk vkpk;ZHkkLdjs.k fl¼kUrf'kjksef.kxzUFks fu£n"Ve~&
vlaØkfUreklks¿fèkekl% LiqQVa L;kr~
f}laØkfUrekl% {k;k[;% dnkfpr~A
{k;ekl% osQoya dk£rd&ekxZ'kh"kZZ&ikS"kekls"kq ,o HkofrA ;fLeu~ o"ksZ {k;ekl%
Hkofr rfLeu~ o"ksZ vfèkdeklks¿fi vo';eso HkofrA ijUrq ,rkn`'kh fLFkfr% 19
o"kkZuUrja vFkok 141 o"kkZuUrjeso HkofrA ;Fkk foØe laor~ 2020 rFkk 2039 o"ksZ
{k;ekl% vklhr~ vr% iqu% 2058 rFkk 2150 res foØeo"ksZ {k;ekl% Hkfo";fr
{k;ekls"kq rFkk vfèkdekls"kq fookg ;K eq.Mukfn'kqHkdk;kZf.k uSo fØ;UrsA lkSjeklkuka
pkUæeklkuka p ukekfu lekueso lfUrA
izR;sdfLeu~ pkUæekls i{k};a HkofrA izFke% 'kqDyi{k%] f}rh;% Ñ".ki{k%A iwohZ
61

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% rFkk mÙkjhizn's ks"kq ;Fkk eè;izn's k] mÙkjizn's k] fnYyh] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy] iatkc] tEewdk'ehj]
cÄõky vkfn izns'ks"kq izFkea Ñ".ki{k% vUrja 'kqDyi{k% HkofrA ijUrq nf{k.kHkkjrs rFkk
xqtjkrkfnizns'ks"kq pkUæekls izFkea 'kqDyi{k% vuUrja Ñ".ki{k% HkofrA ijUrq mHk;=k
eklkuka 'kqDyi{k% rq lekule;s ,o Hkofr] ijUrq Ñ".ki{ks Hksn% tk;rsA ;Fkkµ
nf{k.kHkkjrs pS=k'kqDyi{kL; lekIR;kuUrja T;s"BÑ".ki{k% u Hkfo";fr vfirq pS=kÑ".ki{k%
Hkfo";frA vuUrja T;s"B'kqDyi{k% Hkfo";frA ,oa izdkjs.k nf{k.kHkkjrs pkUæekl% mÙkjhHkkjrL;
pkUæeklr% ,di{ksu U;wu% Hkofr ,dL; i{kL; ekua 15 i×Ón'kfnukReoaQ HkofrA ijUrq
dnkfpr~ frfFk{k;% frfFko`f¼% dkj.kkr~ p i{kekua U;wukfèkde~ vfi HkofrA
lkSjeklL; vkjEHk% lw;ZlaØkfUrr% HkofrA d¯Lef'pr~ jk'kkS lw;ZL; izos'k% ,o
laØkfUr% mP;rsA rFkk laØkfUrr% vkjH; izR;sdL; va'kL; Hkksxo'kkr~ ,oSQoaQ lkSjfnua
HkofrA vFkkZr~ lw;ZL; ,dka'kHkksxdky% ,o lkSjfnu:is.k Kk;rsA ;fLeu~ fnus lw;Z%
jkf'kifjorZua djksfr rr~ lkSjeklL; izFke% fnol% HkofrA rL; yksdHkk"kk;ka îzfo"Vk*
laKk HkofrA lw;ZL; fofoèkjkf'k"kq laØe.ko'kkr~ ,o "kM~ ½rq.kka fuekZ.ka HkofrA ;nk
lk;ulw;%Z es"ks ehus p Hkofr rnk olUr&½rq% HkofrA rfLeu~ dkys pUæL; pS=koS'kk[keklkS
Hkor%A rFkk p ;nk lw;%Z o`"kfeFkqujk'k;ks% Hkofr rnk xzh"e½rq% HkofrA ;nk doZQ¯lgjk'k;ks%
Hkofr rnk o"kkZ ½rq%] dU;krqy;ks% 'kjærq%] o`f'pdèkuqjk'k;ks% gseUr &½rq%] edjoqaqQHk;ks%
f'kf'kj&½rq% HkofrA ,rs"kq ½rq"kq pUæL;kfi ekl};a Hkofr pØekè;esu ljyjhR;k Kkrqa
'kD;rs &
½rq% lk;ulw;Zjkf'k% pkUæekl%
olUr% ehu%&es"k% pS=k%&oS'kk[k%
xzh"e% o`"k%&feFkqu% T;s"B%&vk"kk<%
o"kkZ doZQ%&¯lg% Jko.k%&Hkkæin~
'kjn~ dU;k&rqyk vkf'ou%&dk£rd%
gseUr% o`f'pd%&/uq% ekxZ'kh"kZ%&ikS"k%
f'kf'kj% edj%&oqaQHk% ek?k%&iQkYxqu%
8-5-1 eklkuka lS¼kfUrdifjHkk"kk

eklkuka pS=kkfnukekfu u{k=kkfJrkfu HkofUrA ,rs"kka }kn'keklkuka ukekfu
}kn'ku{k=kk.kka uker% ,o fuèkkZfjrkfu lfUrA ;Fkk ÑfÙkdku{k=kkr~ dk£rd%] e`xf'kjl%
ekxZ'kh"kZ%] iq";u{k=kkr~ ikS"k] e?kku{k=kkr~ ek?k%] mÙkjk&iwokZiQkYxqfuu{k=ksH;% iQkYxqu%]
fp=kku{k=kkr~ pS=k%] fo'kk[kku{k=kkr~ oS'kk[k%] T;s"Bku{k=kkr~ T;s"B%] iwokZ&mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=ksH;%
vk"kk<%] Jo.ku{k=kkr~ Jko.k%] iwokZ&mÙkjkHkkæinu{k=ksH;% Hkkæin~] vf'ouhu{k=kkr~ vkf'ouekl%
] ,rkfu ukekfu fuèkkZfjrkfu lfUrA ijUrq ftKklk leqnsfr ;r~ ,rsH;% }kn'ku{k=ksH;%
}kn'k eklkuka ukekfu tkrkfu] ijUrq vU;s"kka u{k=kk.kka fde~\ rs"kka lekgkj% oqQ=k Hkofr\
rFkk ,rsH; u{k=ksH;% ,rs"kka eklkuka ukekfu fdeFk± fuèkkZfjrkfu\ bR;kfn iz'ukuka lekèkkua
lw;Zfl¼kUrxzUFks iznÙke~µ
u{k=kukEuk eklkLrq Ks;k iokZUr;ksxr%A
dk£rD;kfn"kq la;ksxs ÑfÙkdkfn };a };e~A
vUR;ksikUR;kS i×Óe'p f=kèkk ekl=k;a Le`re~AA
62
vFkkZr~ u{k=kk.kka ukefHk% ,o iokZUr;ksxr% eklkuka ukekfu fuèkkZfjrkfu pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
HkofUrA îokZUr¸ 'kCnL; rkRi;Z% Hkofr iw.kZpUæ% vFkkZr~ iw£.kekUr%A rL; ;ksxkr~ frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
u{k=klaK;k eklk% HkofUrA iw£.kekfrFkkS pUæ% ;fLeu~ u{k=ks Hkofr rL; eklL; lk ,o
laKk HkofrA ijUrq u{k=kkf.k rq lIr¯o'kfr% HkofUr] dfLeÂfi u{k=ks pUæ% iw£.kek;ka
Hkforqa 'kDuksfr] eklkLrq }kn'kSo] vr% dFka fuèkkZj.ka fØ;rs\ bR;=k mDra ;r~ dk£rdkfn"kq
ekls"kq vfUre% vkf'ou%] mikfUre% vFkkZr~ vfUrekr~ iwoZ% Hkkæin~ rFkk p i×Óe%
iQkYxquekl% ,rs"kka =k;k.kka eklkuka ukekfu =k;k.kka u{k=kk.kka iw£.kek;ka pUæs.k lg
lEcUèko'kkr~ HkofUrA vijs"kka eklkuka fuèkkkZj.ka };ks% u{k=k;ks% lEcUèko'kkr~ HkofrA
dkfu rkfu u{k=kkf.k bfr iz'us lfr mDra ;r~ ÑfÙkdkr% vkjH;
iwoksZDrizdkjs.k };ks% u{k=k;ks% iw£.kekdkys pUæs.k lg lacaèksu eklk% HkofUrA osQoya
vkf'ou&Hkkæin~&iQkYxquekls"kq =khf.k u{k=kkf.k HkofUrA vFkkZr~ ÑfÙkdku{k=ks jksfg.khu{k=ks
p iw£.kek;ka pUæs lfr dk£Ùkdekl% HkofrA e`xf'kjku{k=ks vkækZu{k=ks p iw£.kekdkfyd
pUæs lfr ekxZ'kh"kZekl% HkofrA iquoZlq&iq";u{k=k;ksjU;res iw£.kekdkys pUæs lfr ikS"kekl%
HkofrA rFkk p vk'ys"kk&e?kku{k=k;ks iw£.kekdkys pUæs lfr ek?kekl% HkofrA
iwokZiQkYxquh&mÙkjkiQkYxquh&gLru{k=ks"oU;res iw£.kekdkys pUæs lfr iQkYxquekl% HkofrA
iw£.kekdkys fp=kk] Lokrh u{k=ks lfr pS=kekl% HkofrA iw£.kek;ka fo'kk[kk&vuqjkèkku{k=k;ksjU;res
lfr oS'kk[kekl% HkofrA iw£.kek;ka T;s"Bkewyu{k=k;ksjU;res lfr T;s"Bekl% HkofrA
iw£.kekdkys iwokZ"kk<k&mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=k;ks% lfr vk"kk<ekl% HkofrA Jo.k&èkfu"Bk u{k=k;ksjU;res
iw£.kekdkys lfr Jko.kekl% HkofrA iw£.kekdkys pUæs 'krfHk"kk&iwokZHkkæin~&mÙkjkHkkæiRlq
vU;res u{k=ks lfr Hkkæinekl% HkofrA jsorh&vf'ouh&Hkj.kh"oU;res u{k=ks"kq lfr
vkf'ouekl% HkofrA eklkuka fuèkkZj.kL; fofèk;a pØekè;esu Li"Vr;k Kkrqa 'kD;rsA vr%
pØe=k izLrw;rsµ
8-5-2 cksèkpØe~
u{k=ke~ iokZUr ekl
ÑfÙkdk] jksfg.kh iw£.kek dk£rd%

e`xf'kjk] vkækZ iw£.kek ekxZ'kh"kZ%
iquoZlq] iq";% iw£.kek ikS"k%
vk'ys"kk] e?kk iw£.kek ek?k%
iwokZiQkYxquh] m-iQkYxquh] gLr% iw£.kek iQkYxqu%
fp=kk] Lokrh iw£.kek pS=k%
fo'kk[kk] vuqjk/k iw£.kek oS'kk[k%
T;s"Bk] ewye~ iw£.kek T;s"Bk%
iwokZ"kk<k] mÙkjk"kk<k iw£.kek vk"kk<%
Jo.k] /fu"Bk iw£.kek Jko.k%
'krfHk"kk] iwokZHkkæin~] mÙkjkHkkæin~ iw£.kek Hkkæin%
jsorh] vf'ouh] Hkj.kh iw£.kek vf'ouh
63

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 8-6 pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;jk'k;%
pS=kkfn eklkuka fo"k;s Hkork Kkre~A br% iwo± Hkof‰% 'kwU;frfFk&u{k=knhuka fo"k;s
p ifBre~A iqu% vkpk;Z% 'kwU;jk'kh.kka fo"k;s vfxzes 'yksosQ o.kZ;fr &
?kVks >"kks xks£eFkqua es"kdU;kfyrkSfyu%A
èkuq% ddkSZ e`x% ¯lg'pS=kknkS 'kwU;jk'k;%AA
inPNsn%
?kV%@>"k%@xks%@feFkque~@es"k@dU;k@vfy@rkSfyu%@èkuq%@doZQ@e`x%@¯lg%@pS=kknkS@'kwU;jk'k;%A
vUo;%
?kV% >"k% xks% feFkqua es"k% dU;k vfy rkSfy èkuq% doZQ% e`x% ¯lg% (,rs jk'k;%
Øes.k) pS=kknkS 'kwU;jk'k;% HkofUrA
izfrinkFkZ%
?kV% ¾ oqQEHk%] >"k% ¾ ehu%] xks ¾ o`"k%] feFkqua ¾ feFkqujkf'k%] es"k% ¾ es"kjkf'k%]
dU;k ¾ dU;kjkf'k%] vfy% ¾ o`f'pdjkf'k%] rkSfy% ¾ rqykjkf'k%] èkuqjkf'k%] doZQ% ¾
doZQjkf'k%] e`x% ¾ edjjkf'k%] ¯lg% ¾ ¯lgjkf'k%] ,rs jk'k;% Øes.k] pS=kknkS ¾
pS=kkfnekls"kq] 'kwU;jk'k;% ¾ 'kwU;laKdk% jk'k;% HkofUrA
O;k[;k
JhjkenSoKsu 'yksoQs ¿fLeu~ pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;jk'kh.kka o.kZua ÑrefLrA oqQEHk%]
ehu%] o`"k%] feFkqua] es"k%] dU;k] o`f'pd%] rqyk] èkuq%] doZQ%]edj%] ¯lg% ,rs jk'k;%
Øes.k pS=keklkfn"kq 'kwU;jk'k;% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ pS=kekls oqQEHk% 'kwU;jkf'k% HkofrA oS'kk[kekls
ehujkf'k% 'kwU;% HkofrA T;s"Bekls o`"kjkf'k%] vk"kk<ekls feFkqujkf'k%] Jko.kekls es"kjkf'k%]
Hkkæinekls dU;kjkf'k%] vkf'ouekls o`f'pdjkf'k%] dk£rdekls rqykjkf'k%] ekxZ'kh"kZekls
èkuqjkf'k%] ikS"kekls doZQjkf'k%] ek?kekls edjjkf'k%] iQkYxquekls ¯lgjkf'k%] ,rs jk'k;%
Øes.k pS=keklkfn"kq 'kwU;laKdjk'k;% HkofUr ,rs 'kwU;jk'k;% oa'kL; foÙkL; p fouk'kdkjdk%
HkofUrA ,rs"kq jkf'k"kq fdefi 'kqHkdk;± uSo dj.kh;e~A vr% 'kwU;jk'khu~ ifjR;T; ,o
'kqHkdk;kZf.k foèks;kfuA vkpk;Zof'k"Bsukfi ,rnso mDre~µ
?kVeRL;o`"kk ;qXees"kdU;k% lo`f'pdk%A
rqykpkioqQyhjk[;e`x¯lgk'p jk'k;%AA
pS=kknkS ekl'kwU;k[;k oa'kfoÙkfouk'knk%A
rLekÙkkUlEifjR;T; 'kksHkua dkj;sRlqèkh%AA
pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;jk'kh.kka Kkua pØekè;esu ljyjhR;k Hkforqa 'kD;rsA vr%
pØe=k izLrq;rsµ
64
'kwU;jkf'k% pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
ekl% frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
pS=k% oqQEHk%
oS'kk[k% ehu%
T;s"B% o`"kjkf'k%
vk"kk<% feFkqujkf'k%
Jko.k% es"kjkf'k%
Hkkæin~ dU;kjkf'k%
vkf'ou% o`f'pdjkf'k%
dk£rd% rqykjkf'k%
ekxZ'kh"kZ% /uqjkf'k%
ikS"k% doZQjkf'k%
ek?k% edjjkf'k%
iQkYxqu% ¯lgjkf'k%
8-6-1 jkf'kifjp;%
Hkork iwo± 'kwU;jk'khuka fo"k;s ifBre~A v=k ftKklk leqnsfr ;r~ ,rs"kka
jk'kh.kka Kkua dFka fØ;rs\ ,rs jk'k;% osQ lfUr\ ,rs"kka ¯d Lo:ie~\ dk'p rs"kka laKk%\
oSf'k"VÔa p fde~\ ,rs"kka iz'ukuka lekèkkue~ vko';defLrA vr% bnkuha }kn'kjk'kh.kka
foLr`ra ifjp;a izkIuq;ke%A
fofHkÂkuka u{k=kk.kka rkjdkuka p lewgsu jk'kh.kka Lo:ia fofu£era HkofrA
izkphukpk;SZ% HkpozaQ }kn'kHkkxs"kq foHkDre~A r=k izR;sdfLeu~ Hkkxs fofHkÂkuka rkjk.kka la;kstsu
fofoèkkuka Lo:ik.kka fuekZ.keHkor~A rs"kka u{k=klewgkuke~ vkÑfr%] Lo:ia rFkk p izHkkoo'kkr~
^jkf'k%* laKk iznÙkkA ;Fkk & ;Fkk rkjdkuka Lo:ie~ vkdk'ks n`"Va rs"kka lewgkuka rnso uke
fofgre~A d'pu rkjlewg% doZQVln`'kk%] d'pu es"kor~] d'pu o`"kor~] d'pu
dU;kor~] rqykln`'kk% bR;soa Øes.k vklu~A vr% rs"kka Lo:ik.kka n'kZusu rkfu rkfu ukekfu
fuèkkZfjrkfuA rs"kka }kn'kjk'kh.kka ukekfu ,oa lfUr &
1- es"k% 7- rqyk 3- o`"k%
8- o`f'pd% 4- feFkqu% 9- èkuq%
5- doZQ% 10- edj% 6- ¯lg%
11- oqQEHk% 7- dU;k% 12- ehu%
,rslq }kn'kjkf'k"kq v"Vjk'k;% rq ;Fkk Lo:ia fu£n"Va] rFkSo vkdk'ks¿fi
Li"V:is.k n`';UrsA ijUrq prqZ.kka jk'kh.kka rkn`'kh Li"Vrk ukfLrA
lEiw.kZ jkf'kpØL; T;ksfr"k'kkL=ks HkpØ (Zodiac) laKk iznÙkk vfLrA
jk'kh.kka vkjEHk% es"kjkf'kr% eU;rsA ;Fkk Hkork iwo± i×ÓkÄõifjp;lUnHksZ u{k=kk.kka ifjp;%
ifBr%A rs"kka losZ"kka u{k=kk.kka lekgkj% }kn'kjkf'k"kq ,o HkofrA vr% u{k=ks"kq izFkea
vf'ouhu{k=ka es"kjk'kkS lek;kfrA ;Fkk iwo± ifBra ;r~ ,dL; u{k=kL; pRokfj pj.kkfu
65

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 1
HkofUrA ,dfLeu~ jk'kkS uopj.kkfu HkofUrA vr% ,dfLeu~ jk'kkS likn};a 2 u{k=ka
4
HkofrA ,oa izdkjs.k }kn'kjkf'k"kq lIr¯o'kfru{k=kk.kka lek;kstua HkofrA ;fLeu~ u{k=ks pUæ%
fLFkr% HkofrA rnso rL; fnolL; u{k=k:is.k x.;rsA rFkSo ;fLeu~ jk'kkS pUæ% Hkofr
lSo jkf'k% eqgwÙkZKkukFksZ xzkársA ;Fkk iwoZfLeu~ 'yksosQ Hkork 'kwU;jk'kh.kka fo"k;s ifBra] r=k
^jkf'k* 'kCnsu pUækfèkf"Brjkf'k% Ks;%A eqgwÙkZKkukFkZs jkf'ku{k=k;ks% lacaèkKkue~ vR;ko';oaQ
HkofrA jkf'ku{k=k;ks% lacaèk% pØekè;esu Li"Vr;k Kkrqa 'kD;rs &
Ø-
jkf'k rFkk u{k=kpj.kkfu u{k=k pj.kk{kjkf.k
la-
û- es"k% pw]ps]pks]yk]yh]yw]ys]yks]v
(vf'ouh] Hkj.kh] ÑfÙkdk û pj.ka)
ü- o`"k% b]m],]vks]ok]oh]ow]os]oks
(Ñfrdk ý pj.k] jksfg.kh] e`xf'kjk ü pj.ks)
ý- feFkqu% dk]dh]oqQ]?k]Ä]N]osQ]dks]gk
(e`xf'kjk ü pj.ks] vkækZ] iquoZlq ý pj.ks)
þ- doZQ% gh]gw]gs]gks]Mk]Mh]Mw]Ms]Mks
(iquoZlq û pj.ka] iq";%] vk'ys"kk)
ÿ- ¯lg% ek]eh]eq]es]eks]Vk]Vh]Vw]Vs
(e?kk] iwokZiQkYxquh] mÙkjkiQkYxquh û pj.ka)
ö- dU;k Vks]ik]ih]iw]"k].k]B]is]iks
(mÙkjkiQkYxquh ý pj.kkfu] gLr%] fp=kk ü pj.kkS)
÷- rqyk jk]jh]#]js]jks]rk]rh]rw]rs
(fp=kk ü pj.kkS] Lokrh] fo'kk[kk ý pj.kkfu)
ø- o`f'pd rks]uk]uh]uw]us]uks];k];h];w
(fo'kk[kk û pj.ka] vuqjk/k] T;s"Bk)
ù- /uq% ;s];ks]Hkk]Hkh]Hkw]/]iQ]<]Hks
(ewy%] iwokZ"kk<k] mÙkjk"kk<k û pj.ka)
ûú- edj% Hkks]tk]th][kh][kq][ks][kks]xk]xh
(mÙkjk"kk<k ý pj.kkfu] Jo.k] /fu"Bk ü pj.kkS)
ûû- oqQEHk% xq]xs]xks]lk]fl]lw]ls]lks]nk
(/fu"Bk üpj.kkS] 'krfHk"kk] iwokZHkkæin ýpj.kkfu)
ûü- ehu% fn]nw]Fk]>]×k]ns]nks]pk]ph
(iwokZHkkæin~ þ pj.ka] mÙkjkHkkæin] jsorh)
66
pozsQ.k jkf'ku{k=k;ks% lacaèk% Li"V% HkofrA vFkkZr~ ;fn pUæ% iq";u{k=ks pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
fLFkr% Hkosr~ psr~ l% doZQjk'kkS HkofrA rFkk p ;fn dL;fpr~ iq#"kL; ukek{kja ^dk* frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
v{kjksifj vfLr psr~ iq#"kL; e`xf'kjku{k=ks r`rh;pj.ka rFkk doZQjkf'k% HkofrA rPp
eqgwrZKkukFkZs vR;ko';oaQ HkofrA
rFkk p jk'kh.kka LoHkkoKkukFksZ rs"kke~ vfèkirhuka Kkue~ vfi vko';oaQ
HkofrA rFkk p rs"kka vkÄ~Xyukekfu vfi KkrO;kfuA vr% pØekè;su rr~ Li"VhØ;rsA
Ø-
jkf'kuke vkÄ~Xyuke Lokehxzg (Lords)
la-
û- es"k% Aries eaxy% Mars
ü- o`"k% Taurus 'kqØ% Venus
ý- feFkque~ Gemini cq/% Mercury
þ- doZQ% Cancer pUæ% Moon
ÿ- ¯lg% Leo lw;Z% Sun
ö- dU;k Virgo cq/% Mercury
÷- rqyk Libra 'kqØ% Venus
ø- o`f'pd% Scorpio eaxy% Mars
ù- /uq% Sagittarius xq#% Jupiter
ûú- edj% Capricorn 'kfu% Saturn
ûû- oqQEHk% Aquarius 'kfu% Saturn
ûü- ehu% Pisces xq#% Jupiter
,oSQdL; jk'ks% foLrkj:is.k o.kZuL; vko';drk v=k ukfLrA vU;=k
Hkoku~ rs"kke~ vè;;ua dfj";frA v=k osQoya osQpu egÙoiw.kk±'kk% izLrw;UrsA
8-6-2 jk'kh.kka pj&fLFkj&f}LoHkkokfnlaKk

,rs }kn'kjk'k;% izkphukpk;SZ% pj&fLFkj&f}LoHkkoHksnsu foHkDrk% lfUrA
pjjk'kh.kka vfLFkj% p×Óy'p LoHkko% HkofrA fLFkjjkf'k"kq LFkS;± HkofrA f}LoHkkojkf'k"kq
pjfLFkj;ks% feJ.ka HkofrA eqgwrZKkukFksZ dnkfpr~ ,rs"kkefi vko';drk HkofrA pØekè;esu
jk'kh.kka pjkfn laKk v=k izLrw;rsµ
laKk jk'k;%
pj% es"k% doZQ% rqyk edj%
fLFkj% o`"k% ¯lg o`f'pd% oqQEHk%
f}LoHkko% feFkqu% dU;k /uq% ehu%
67

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 8-6-3 jk'kh.kka L=kh&iq:"k] lkSE;ozwQjkfn Hksnk%
}kn'kjk'kh.kka L=kh&iq#"k bfr rFkk lkSE;&ozwQj bfr laKk HkofrA losZ
fo"kejk'k;% vFkkZr~ û es"k% ý feFkqu% ÿ ¯lg% ÷ rqyk ù èkuq% ûû oqQEHk% iq:"kjk'k;%
rFkk ozwQjjk'k;% HkofUrA rFkk p losZ lejk'k;% vFkkZr~ ü o`"k% þ doZQ% ö dU;k
ø o`f'pd% ûú edj% ûü ehu% L=khjk'k;% rFkk lkSE;jk'k;% HkofUrA ,oa izdkjs.k jk'kh.kka
iq#"k L=khHksnkH;kefi foHkktua ÑrefLrA
8-6-4 jk'kh.kka iwokZfnfno~Q&rÙoKkua

iwokZfnprq"kqZ fn{kq jk'kh.kka foHkktua ÑrefLrA es"kkfn}kn'kjk'k;% Øes.k
iwo&Z nf{k.k&if'pe&mÙkjfn'kke~ vfèkir;% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ es"k% & ¯lg% &èkuqjk'k;% iwokZfn'k%
vfèkir;% HkofUrA o` " k&dU;k&edjjk'k;% nf{k.kfn'k% vfèkir;% HkofUrA
feFkqu&rqyk&oqQEHkjk'k;% if'pefn'k% Lokfeu% HkofUrA doZQ&o`f'pd&ehujk'k;% mÙkjfn'k%
Lokfeu% HkofUrA ,rs"kka Kkuefi eqgÙw kkZuka fuèkkkZj.ks vko';d HkofrA fo'ks"k:is.k x`gfuekZ.k]
x`gizos'k] ;k=kkfn eqgwrsZ"kq vL; iz;ksx% HkofrA
;Fkk jk'k;% fn'kka Lokfeu% HkofUr rFkSo ,rs vfXu&i`Foh&ok;q&ty:is.k
prq"kqZ rÙos"kq vfi foHkDrk% vfLrA es"kkfn }kn'kjk'k;% Øes.k vfXu&i`Foh&ok;q&tyrÙo&
izèkkuk% HkofUrA vFkkZr~ es"k&¯lg&èkuqjk'k;% vfXurÙojk'k;% HkofUrA o`"k&dU;k&edjjk'k;%
i`FohrÙojk'k;% lfUrA feFkqu&rqyk&oqQEHkjk'k;% ok;qrÙojk'k;% HkofUrA rFkk p doZQ
&o`f'pd&ehujk'k;% tyrÙoizèkkuk% HkofUrA jk'kh.kka rÙokuqlkjs.k fofoèkkuka dk;kZ.kka
lEiknua fØ;rs A ;Fkk vfXurÙojk'kh"kq vfXula c a / hfu dk;kZ f .k dÙkq ± 'kD;rs A
tyrÙoizèkkus"kq tylEcU/hfu dk;kZf.kA ,oa izdkjs.k Ks;e~A
8-6-5 jk'kh.kka o.ksZ"kq foHkktue~

czkã.kkfn pRokj% o.kkZ% iqjk.ks"kq izfl¼k% lfUrA Jhe‰xoåhrk;ka Hkxoku~
JhÑ".k% prq.kk± o.kkZuka foLrjs.k foospua djksfrA ,rs"kka }kn'kjk'kh.kkefi izkphukpk;SZ%
prq"kqZ o.ksZ"kq foHkktua ÑrefLrA es"kkfnjk'kh.kka Øes.k {kf=k;&oS';&'kwæ&czkã.ko.kkZ% HkofUrA
vFkkZ r ~ es " k&¯lg&èkuq j k'kh.kka {kf=k;o.kZ % ] o` " k&dU;k&edjjk'kh.kka oS ' ;o.kZ % ]
feFkqu&rqyk&oqQEHkjk'kh.kka 'kwæo.kZ%] rFkk p doZQ&o`f'pd&ehu jk'kh.kka foizo.kZ% HkofrA
iwoZifBrkuka jkf'krÙokuka fn'kka rFkk p o.kkZuka foospua pØekè;esu
Li"Vr;k dÙkq± 'kD;rsA vr% pØe=k izLrw;rs pØe~ &
o.kZ% rÙoe~ fn'kk jk'k;%

{kf=k;% vfXu% iwoZ es"k% ¯lg /uq%
oS';% i`Foh nf{k.k o`"k% dU;k edj%
'kwæ% ok;q% if'pe feFkqu% rqyk oqQEHk%
czkã.k% tye~ mÙkj doZQ% o`f'pd% ehu%
,oa izdkjs.k Hkork eqgwrZ'kkL=ks mi;ksxhuka jkf'klacafèkrkuka fofoèkkuka

68 rÙokuka fo"k;s ifBre~ A }kn'kjk'kh.kka nh?kkZ f nLo:ia ] jDr'os r kfno.kZ f oHkktua ]
èkkrqewythokfn"kq foHkktua] 'kh"kZi`"Bksn;kfn"kq foHkkx%] dkyiq#"kL;kÄõs"kq foHkkx% bR;kfn pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
vusosQ"kq fo"k;s"kq foHkktua HkofrA ijUrq losZ"kka o.kZuL; v=k vko';drk ukfLrA vxzs frfFku{k=klEcfUèk nks"kkÜÓ
lUnHkZo'kkr~ 'kkL=kkè;;us ,rs"kka losZ"kka fo"k;k.kke~ vè;;uefi Hkoku~ dfj";frA v=k
jk'kh.kke~ ,rkonso Kkue~ mfprefLrA
8-7 'kwU;frfFku{k=kjkf'kcksèkpØe~
ikBs Hkork 'kwU;frFkhuka ] 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka] 'kwU;jk'kh.kka p fo"k;s ifBre~A ,rs"kka
'kwU;=k;k.kka Kkua ,osQuSo pozsQ.k dÙkq± 'kD;rsA rÙpØe=k izLrw;rs pØe~ &
ekl% 'kwU;frFk;% 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k 'kwU;jk'k;%

'kqDyi{ks Ñ".ki{ks
pS=k% ù@ø ù@ø jksfg.kh] vf'ouh oqQEHk%
oS'kk[k% ûü ûü fp=kk] Lokrh ehu%
T;s"B% ûý ûþ mÙkjk"kk<k] Lokrh ehu%
vk"kk<% ÷ ö iwokZ"kk<k] /fu"Bk feFkqu%
Jko.k% ý@ü ý@ü mÙkjk"kk<k] Jo.k es"k%
Hkkæin~ û@ü û@ü 'krfHk"kk] jsorh dU;k
vkf'ou% ûú@ûû ûú iwokZHkkæin o`f'pd%
dk£rd% ûþ ÿ ÑfÙkdk] e?kk rqyk%
ekxZ'kh"kZ% ÷@ø ÷@ø fp=kk@ fo'kk[kk /uq%
ikS"k% þ@ÿ þ@ÿ vkækZ] vf'ouh] gLr% doZQ%
ek?k% ö ÿ Jo.ke~] ewye~ edj%
iQkYxqu% ý þ Hkj.kh] T;s"Bk ¯lg%
pØn'kZusu ,dfLeu~ ekls 'kwU;frfFk&u{k=k&jkf'k =k;k.kkefi cksèk% dÙkq± 'kD;rsA
;Fkk vkf'ouekls mHk;s i{ks n'keh,dkn'khfrFkh 'kwU;frFkh] iwokZHkkæinu{k=ka 'kwU;u{k=ka
rFkk p o`f'pdjkf'k% 'kwU;jkf'k% Hkorhfr pozsQ.k Kk;rsA
cksèkiz'uk%
7- ,dL; lkSjo"kZL; ekua fd;r~ Hkofr\
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8- ¶{k;ekl%¸ ¯d Hkofr\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 9- lk;ulw;sZ dU;kjkf'kfLFkrs lfr dk ½rq% Hkofr\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10- iw£.kekdkys èkfu"Bku{k=kla;ksxs d% ekl% Hkofr\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- ek?kekls d% jkf'k% 'kwU;jkf'k% Hkofr\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12- ehujk'ks% vfèkifr% xzg% d%\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13- osQ"kka jk'kh.kka {kf=k;o.kZ% Hkofr\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- tyrÙojk'k;% osQ\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8-8 lkjka'k%
iwoZfLeu~ ikBs Hkork okj&frfFk] okj&u{k=klacaèksu fu£erk% fuU|;ksxk% ifBrkA
vfLeu~ ikBs frfFk&u{k=k;ks% lacaèksu fuU|;ksxk% ifBrk%A r=k izfrifn mÙkjk"kk<k] f}rh;k;ka
vuqjkèkk] r`rh;k;ka =;qÙkjk] i×ÓE;ka e?kk] "k"BÔka jksfg.kh] lIrehfrFkkS gLrewykS] v"VE;ka
iwokZHkkæin] uoE;ka ÑfÙkdk] ,dkn';ka jksfg.kh] }kn';ka vk'ys"kk]=k;ksn';ka p fp=kkLokrh
fuU|s Hkor%A vuUrja pS=kkfn}kn'kekls"kq 'kwU;u{k=kk.kka foospua Ñre~A izR;sdfLeu~ ekls
u{k=k};a 'kwU;u{k=ka Hkofr ijUrq vf'ouekls ,deso iwokZHkkæin rFkk ikS"kekls
vkækZ&vf'ouh&gLr u{k=k=k;a 'kwU;a HkofrA 'kwU;u{k=ks"kq 'kqHks dk;sZ Ñrs lfr dk;Zuk'ka
èkuuk'ka p iQya HkofrA lUnHksZ pS=kkfn }kn'keklkuka ifjp;%] fl¼kUrjhR;k rs"kka fuèkkZj.ka
p ifBr%A eq[;r% iokZUrs vFkkZr~ iw£.kekdkys ;r~ u{k=ka Hkofr r}'kkr~ ekluke fuèkkZfjra
HkofrA vuUrja pS=kkfn}kn'kekls'kq 'kwU;jk'kh.kkefi o.kZua Ñre~A pS=ks oqQEHk%] oS'kk[ks ehu%]
T;s"Bs o`"k%] vk"kk<s feFkqujkf'k%] Jko.ks es"k%] Hkkæins dU;k] vkf'ouekls o`f'pd%]
dk£rdekls rqyk] ekxZ'kh"kZekls èkuq%] ikS"kekls doZQ%] ek?kekls edjjkf'k% rFkk p
iQkYxquekls ¯lgjkf'k% 'kwU;jkf'k% HkofrA vuUrja eqgwrksZi;ksxh jk'kh.kka ifjp;% iznÙk%A r=k
jkf'ku{k=k;ks% lacaèk%] jk'kh.kka Lokfeu%] jk'kh.kka lkSE;&ozwQj] L=kh&iq:"k] czkã.kkfno.kZ%]
vXU;kfnrÙokfu] iwokZfn fn{kq p foHkktua ikBs¿fLeu~ ifBre~A ;FkkLFkkus fofHkÂkuka pØk.kka
ekè;esu fo"k;kocksèkL; iz;kl% Ñr%A vL; ikBL; vè;;usu Hkor% eqgwrZfo"k;de~
vkèkkjHkwra Kkua o£èkrefLr bfr vk'kklsA
70
8-9 'kCnkoyh pS=kkfn"kq 'kwU;jkf'ku{k=kkf.k
1- lki± ¾ vk'ys"kku{k=ke~A
2- =;qÙkjk ¾ mÙkjkiQkYxquh] mÙkjk"kk<k] mÙkjkHkkæin u{k=kkf.kA
3- jk{kls ¾ ewyu{k=ksA
4- iwHkk ¾ iwokZHkkæinu{k=ke~A
5- d% ¾ czãk] jksfg.khu{k=ke~A
6- Hkx% ¾ iwokZiQkYxquhu{k=ke~A
7- foÙke~ ¾ èkue~A
8- ik'kh ¾ o#.k%] 'krfHk"kku{k=ke~A
9- iokZUr% ¾ iw£.kekfrfFk%A
10- mikUR;% ¾ vfUrekr~ iwoZe~A
11- xkS% ¾ o`"kjkf'k%A
12- >"k% ¾ ehujkf'k%A
8-10 lUnHkZxUz Fk%

1- eqgwÙkZfpUrkef.k%] pkS[kEHkk lqjHkkjrh izdk'ku] okjk.klhA
8-11 lgk;dxzUFkk%
1- Hkkjrh; T;ksfr"k] 'kÄïdjckyÑ".knhf{kr%] vuqokn & f'koukFk
>kj[k.Mh] mÙkjizns'kfgUnhlaLFkku] y[kuÅA
2- jRuekyk] pkS[kEHkklaLÑrlaLFkku] okjk.klhA
3- T;ksfr£onkHkj.ke~] pkS[kEHkklaLÑrlaLFkku] okjk.klhA
8-12 cksèkiz'uksÙkjkf.k%
1- "k"BÔka frFkkS jksfg.khu{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA
2- ^=;qÙkjk* 'kCnsu mÙkjkHkkæin~] mÙkjkiQkYxquh] mÙkjk"kk<ku{k=kkf.k x`áUrsA
3- }kn';ka frFkkS vk'ys"kku{k=ka fuU|a HkofrA
4- vkf'ouekls iwokZHkkæin~u{k=ka 'kwU;a HkofrA
5- ikS"kekls =khf.ku{k=kkf.k 'kwU;laKdkfu HkofUrA
6- ^fo'osT;kS* 'kCnsu mÙkjk"kk<kiq";u{k=ks x`ásrsA
7- ,dL; lkSjo"kZL; ekua 365 fnukfu 15 ?kV;% 22 iykfu 57
foiykfu HkofrA
71

'kqHkk'kqHkfrF;kfnfopkj% 8- f}laØkfUrekl% {k;ekl% HkofrA
9- lk;ulw;sZ dU;kjkf'kfLFkrs lfr 'kjn~ ½rq% HkofrA
10- iw£.kekdkys èkfu"Bku{k=kla;ksxs Jko.kekl% HkofrA
11- ek?kekls edjjkf'k% 'kwU;jkf'k% HkofrA
12- ehujk'ks% vfèkifr% c`gLifr% HkofrA
13- es"k ¯lg èkuqjk'kh.kka {kf=k;o.kZ% HkofrA
14- doZQo`f'pdehujk'k;% tyrÙojk'k;% HkofUrA
8-13 vH;kliz'uk%
1- frfFku{k=klacafèknks"kk% la{ksis.k foosp;rqA
2- pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;u{k=kkf.k fy[krqA
3- eklkuka lS¼kfUrdjhR;k foospua djksrqA
4- pS=kkfnekls"kq 'kwU;jk'k;% fy[krqA
5- jk'kh.kka iwokZfnfn'kke~ vkfèkiR;] prqoZ.kZfoospua p djksrqA
w
72

FJAB 01 Patha 5 8

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FJAB-01

i×Óe% ikB% 05&23

"k"B% ikB% 24&38

lIre% ikB% 39&54

v"Ve% ikB% 55&72

izdk'kuo"kZe~ % 2013] iqueqZæ.ke~ % 2014] 2015

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

5-3 eqgwrZfpUrkef.kxzUFkL; 'kqHkk'kqHkizdj.kL; izeq[kk% foosP;fo"k;k%

5-3-1 'kqHkk'kqHkizdj.kL; izeq[kk% fo"k;k%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

5-4-2 (vfHkèks;%) fo"k;%

8 izR;sd% euq";% fdefi mís';a eufl fuèkk; ,o dfLef'pr~ dk;sZ izo`Ùk%

¶iz;kstueuqfí'; u eUnks¿fi izorZrs¸

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

czkã.kk% {kf=k;k oS';kL=k;ks o.kkZ f}tk% Le`rk%A

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

'kqDyi{ks frfFkØe% Ñ".ki{ks frfFkØe%

pØs.k Li"VefLr ;r~ };ks% i{k;ks% lokZ% frFk;% lekuk ,o lfUr

frfFk frfFk frfFk frfFk

frfFk frfFk frfFk frfFk

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

5-6-1 u{k=kk.kka fofoèkk% laKk%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

5-6-2 u{k=kk.kke~ vfèkir;%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

5-7-1 ;ksxkuka 'kqHkk'kqHkRoKkue~

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

T;ksfr"k'kkL=kL; f=kLdUèks"kq lafgrkLdUèkkUrZxra eqgwrZ'kkL=kL; lekos'k% orZrsA

5-11 lUnHkZxUz Fk%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

6-3 eqgrw fZ pUrkef.kxzUFkL; eÄõykpj.ke~

6-3-1 eÄõykpj.kL; iz;kstue~

6-3-2 eÄõykpj.kL; lkUo;O;k[;k

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

6-4-1 frFkh'kkuka iz;kstue~

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

6-4-2 frFkhuka i;kZ;'kCnk%

la[;k frfFk i;kZ;okph 'kCnk%

6-5 frFkhuka uUnkfnlaKk

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

frfFklaKk frFk;% (mHk;i{ks)

6-5-1 uUnkfnfrFkhuka iQykfu

6-5-2 uUnkfnfrFkhuka 'kqHkk'kqHkRocksèkpØe~

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

pUæ% iwo± lcy%

JhjkenSoK% defi okD;a Loeulk u fy[kfr vfirq izkphukpk;kZ.kka

6-6 jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼frFk;%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

jfooklj% 1]6]11 (uUnk)

6-6-1 e`R;q;ksxs fo'ks"kfopkj%

6-7 jO;kfnokjs"kq fuf"k¼u{k=kkf.k

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015

7-3 ØdpkfnfuU|;ksxkuka ifjp;%

okjla…;k frfFkla…;k };ks% la…;k;ksx%

© eqDrLokè;k;ihBe~] jkf"Vª;laLÑrlaLFkkue~] uonsgyh] 2015