Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
ICONNECT - 2k18 Conference Proceedings

Green Computing
Vanthana. N
Saranathan College of Engineering,
Trichy

Abstract: - Green computing in the sense , computers have CONCLUSION:

negative impacts to our environment as well as users. The SINCE EARTH IS HOME TO MILLIONS OF
waste of hardware materials contains chemicals which are
SPECIES OF LIFE
toxic. A computer left for so many hours will produce high
electronic cost as well as it produces carbon-di-oxide in the
atmosphere . But now-a-days , more and more computers Let’s do our part to protect the environment and save our
producing unnecessary greenhouse gases every year which can money too.!!
cause global warming . so it is important for an software
developer to use the computer in a eco-friendly manner. So it’s INTODUCTION:
necessary to learn about green computing , Green computing, Green ICT as per IFG International
Green computing is designing, manufacturing, using and Federation of Green ICT and IFG Standard, green IT, or ICT
disposing of computers, server and associated subsystems sustainability, is the study and practice of environmentally
efficiently with minimal impact on the environment. sustainable computing or IT [1]. San Murugesan [2] notes
that Green IT “is the study and practice of designing,
For example,
manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers,
➢ Replace a CRT monitor with an LCD monitor ,
and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers,
LCD monitor can use one-half of the energy
storage devices, and networking and communications
consumed by CRT and it also result in less eye-
systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no
strain;
impact on the environment". Murugesan [2] lays out the
It is mainly concerned whatever we are wasting and following four paths along which he believes the
damaging our environment, environmental effects of computing should be addressed

5 STEPS TO DEVELOPE GREEN COMPUTING: 1. Green Use: Reducing the energy consumption of
computers and other information systems as well as using
• Develope a sustainable green computing plan, them in an environmentally sound manner.
Whatever we do we need a plan before doing
something, that is recycling policy, that is we 2. Green Disposal: Refurbishing and reusing old computers
should discard the unwanted electronic materials in and recycling unwanted computers and other electronic
a convenient manner and it should environmental equipment.
friendly.
3. Green Design: Designing energy efficient and
environmentally sound components, computers, servers and
• Computer has some toxic materials which can emit cooling equipments.
harmful radiations to environment,
4. Green Manufacturing: Manufacturing electronic
Like discarding the waste computers in a components, computers and other associated sub systems
open landfills may cause pollution. with minimal impact or no impact on the environment.
• We should reduce paper consumption which is very
very important , there are easy ways to do that eg,
e-mail.
• While printing a document we can use both sides
of the paper.
• Turn off the computers when you are not in use for
a long period of time that preserves energy.

CORE OBEJECTIVES:
• Green environment
• Cost saving
• Energy saving
• Secure future
• Social responsibility

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 Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ICONNECT - 2k18 Conference Proceedings

A green computer or green IT system is one where the entire Computing The Goals of Green:
process from design, manufacture, use, and disposal • The goals of green computing are similar to green
involves as little environmental impact as possible. In other chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize
words, a green initiative is taken in consideration of all energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote
facets of a computer‘s life, from design to disposal. In the the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and
design aspect, a green computer is created to perform factory waste.
without a negative environmental impact. Such design
includes everything from materials and components to how • Research continues into key areas such as making the use
the computer uses its power supply. Nowadays, most of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing
computers are built with a sleep or hibernate mode that algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer
allows them to power down when not in use and, therefore, technologies.
save on energy impact.
Problem:
A green computer will also take into account how it impacts According to a report from the United Nations University, it
the environment during its life. One way to make a green takes about 1.8 tons of chemicals, fossil fuels and water to
computer reduce its usage impact is to extend its longevity. produce a typical desktop computer -- and worldwide over
The longer the computer lasts, the less impact it will have on one billion PCs have been sold. A December 2006
the environment because disposal, normally the most Computer Weekly article on green computing also reported
significant green influence of the computer‘s cycle, will be a Carbon Trust estimate that office equipment currently
delayed for a longer period of time. To increase a accounts for around 15 per cent of total UK energy use. This
computer‘s longevity, we suggest looking toward upgrades figure is expected to rise to about 30 per cent by 2020, with
and modularity. For example, building a new computer from computer equipment to account for about two-thirds of this
scratch produces a greater environmental effect than energy consumption. In April 2007, a Gartner Press Release
building a new RAM module for replacement in computing also estimated that the global information and
equipment. computer virtualization is helping to make large communications technology (ICT) industry accounts for
strides in green computing technology. Through the about 2 per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions, or
phenomenon of virtualization, it is now possible to operate roughly the same as aviation. Personal computer power use
two or more computers on the physical hardware of a single is ripe for making environmental savings. The Climate
computer. In this manner, you could create the ultimate Savers Computing Initiative estimates that the average
green computer; one that exists logically, but not physically. desktop PC wastes over half of the power delivered to it.
Estimates from other sources concur. Intel, for example,
The logical units use all the material components of the estimate that a typical business desktop could reap a 60 per
physical computer, but are devoid of physical structure cent energy saving by implementing what they term
themselves. This means that the environmental impact of "aggressive power management". According to these issues,
logical computers is virtually eliminated. The ideal green the environment is being affected by e-wastes and as a result
computer, therefore, may lie in virtual green computing. human life is in quite trouble. Many of the components
Terminal servers can also be used to create a greener found in popular computers are not only harmful to the
computer. When using a terminal server, you are connected environment, but also potentially harmful to humans. So it is
to a central terminal where all the computing is done. The needed to find a way to handle computers and its devices for
operating system is experienced by the end user on the save the environment and society from such E-hazards.
terminal. These terminals can be matched up to thin clients
who depend on the server to do most of their computing. Objectives of the study :
This type of green computing setup typically consumes as In recent years focus of enterprises and technology firms has
little as one eighth of the energy of a conventional been shifted towards Green Computing rapidly. Green
workstation. Computing discusses the options to support critical
computing needs in sustainable manner by reducing strains
Overview of Green Computing : on resources and environment. One of the main objectives of
• Green computing or green IT, refers to environmentally this study is to find out current trends on green computing,
sustainable computing or IT. its implications, and the challenges for implementing green
computing. This paper is organized as follows: next, section
• The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, 2 reviews current trends in the field of Green Computing;
using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated section 3 will explore the challenges of Green Computing;
subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, section 4 will discuss the future trends towards Green
and networking and communications systems—efficiently Computing; and finally this study summarized the issues
and effectively with minimal or no impact on the related to Green Computing and concludes.
environment.

Volume 6, Issue 07 Published by, www.ijert.org 2

 Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ICONNECT - 2k18 Conference Proceedings

• Heating and cooling systems

• Home electronics

• Imaging equipment

Current Trends on Green Computing:

Current trends of Green Computing are towards efficient
utilization of resources. Energy is considered as the main
resource and the carbon footprints are considered the major
threads to environment. Therefore, the emphasis is to reduce
the energy utilization & carbon footprints and increase the
performance of Computing. There are several areas where
researchers are putting lots of efforts to achieve desired
results:

A. Energy Consumption:
Organizations are realizing that the source and amount
of their energy consumption significantly contributes to
Greenhouse Gas (GhG) emissions. In response to this
finding, organizations are currently using the following
equation:
Energy Star: Reduced energy consumption = Reduced greenhouse
gas emissions = Reduced operational costs for the data
center
It means adopting fewer and more energy efficient
systems while refactoring application environments to
make optimal use of physical resources is the best
architectural model. According to Environmental
Protection Agency in around 30% to 40% of personal
computers are kept 'ON' after office hours and during
the weekend and even around 90% of those computers
are idle.
B. E-Waste Recycling:
• Energy Star is an international standard for energy Based on the Gartner estimations over 133,000 PCs are
efficient consumer products originated in the United States discarded by U.S. homes and businesses every day and
of America. less than 10 percent of all electronics are currently
• It was first created as a United States government program recycled. Majority of countries around the world
during the early 1990s, but Australia, Canada, Japan, New require electronic companies to finance and manage
Zealand, Taiwan and the European Union have also adopted recycling programs for their products especially under-
the program. developed Countries. Green Computing must take the
product life cycle into consideration; from production
• Devices carrying the Energy Star logo, such as computer to operation to recycling. E-Waste is a manageable
products and peripherals, kitchen appliances, buildings and piece of the waste stream and recycling e-Waste is easy
other products, generally use 20%–30% less energy than to adopt. Recycling computing equipment such as lead
required by federal standards. and mercury enables to replace equipment that
otherwise would have been manufactured. The reuse of
Energy star specification: such equipments allows saving energy and reducing
• Energy Star specifications differ with each item, and are impact on environment, which can be due to electronic
set by either the Environmental Protection Agency or the wastes [2].
Department of Energy. The following highlights product and
specification information available on the Energy Star
website.

Energy Star items:

• Computers

• Servers

• Appliances

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 Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ICONNECT - 2k18 Conference Proceedings

resources, and the environment is by streamlining efficiency

with virtualization. This form of Green Computing will lead
to Server consolidation and enhance computer security [6].
Virtualization runs fewer systems at higher levels of
utilization. Virtualization allows full utilization of computer
resources and benefits in:
➢ Reduction of total amount of hardware;
➢ Power off Idle Virtual Server to save resources and
energy; and
➢ Reduction in total space, air and rent requirements
ultimately reduces the cost.
E. IT Products and eco-labeling:
Another approach to promote Green Computing and save
environment is to introduce policies all around the World, so
that, companies design products to receive the ecolabel [7].
There are several organizations in the world which support
C. Data Center Consolidation & Optimization: ―eco-label‖ IT products. These organizations provi de
Currently much of the emphasis of Green Computing certificates to IT products based on factors including design
area is on Data Centers, as the Data Centers are known for recycling, recycling system, noise energy consumption
for their energy hunger and wasteful energy etc.
consumptions. United State Department of Energy
(DoE) reported in its study in 2006 that United States CHALLENGES:
data centers consumed 1.5% of all electricity and their According to researchers in the past the focus was on
demand is increasing by 12% per year and cost $7.4 computing efficiency and cost associated to IT equipments
billion per year by 2011. According to DoE's current and infrastructure services were considered low cost and
report in July 2011 Data Centers are consuming 3% of available. Now infrastructure is becoming the bottleneck in
all US electricity and this consumption will double by IT environments and the reason for this shift is due to
2015 [3]. With the purpose of reducing energy growing computing needs, energy cost and global warming.
consumption in Data Centers it is worthwhile to This shift is a great challenge for IT industry. Therefore now
concentrate on following [4]: researchers are focusing on the cooling system, power and
• Information Systems – efficient and right set data center space. At one extreme it is the processing power
information systems for business needs are a key that is important to business and on the other extreme it is
in building Green Data Centers. As per green the drive, challenge of environment friendly system, and
computing best practices efficient servers, storage infrastructure limitations [9]. Green Computing challenges
devices, networking equipments and power supply are not only for IT equipments users but also for the IT
selection play a key role in design of information equipments Vendors. Several major vendors have made
systems. considerable progress in this area, for example, Hewlett-
• Cooling Systems – it is suggested by the Packard recently unveiled what it calls ―the greenest
researcher s that at the initial stage of design computer ever‖—the HP rp5700 de sktop PC. The HP
process for data center cooling systems, it is rp5700 exceeds U.S. Energy Star 4.0 standards, and has an
significant to consider both current and future expected life of at least five years, and 90% of its materials
requirements and design the cooling system in are recyclable [3]. Dell is speeding up its programs to reduce
such a way so it is expandable as needs for cooling hazardous substances in its computers, and its new Dell
dictates. OptiPlex desktops are 50% more energy-efficient than
• Standardized environment for equipment is must similar systems manufactured in 2005, credit goes to more
for Data Center Air Management and Cooling energy-efficient processors, new power management
System. features, and other related factors [3]. IBM is working on
• Consider initial and future loads, when designing technology to develop cheaper and more efficient solar cells
& selecting data center electrical system plus many other solutions from IBM to support sustainable
equipment. IT. According to researchers of Green Computing following
are few prominent challenges that Green computing is
D. Virtualization: facing today [9]::
One of the main trends of Green Computing is
virtualization of computer resources. Abstraction of • Equipment power density / Power and cooling
computer resources, such as the running two or more logical capacities;
computer systems on one set of physical hardware is called • Increase in energy requirements for Data Centers and
virtualization. Virtualization is a trend of Green computing growing energy cost;
it offers virtualization software as well as management • Control on increasing requirements of heat removing
software for virtualized environments [5]. One of the best equipment, which increases because of increase in total
ways to go towards green and save enough space, enough power consumption by IT equipments;

Volume 6, Issue 07 Published by, www.ijert.org 4

 Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ICONNECT - 2k18 Conference Proceedings

• Equipment Life cycle management – Cradle to Grave; limited areas and currently efforts are mainly to reduce
and energy consumption, e-Waste but the future of Green
• Disposal of Electronic Wastes Computing will be depending on efficiency and Green
products. Future work in Green Computing discipline will
Findings & Conclusion: also rely on research work in academics since this is an
Whilst the performance and the breadth of application of emerging discipline and there is much more need to be done.
computers is increasing, so too is our awareness of the cost There is need for more research in this discipline especially
and scarcity of the energy required to power them, as well as within academic sector.
the materials needed to make them in the first place.
However, because computing developments can enable CONCLUSION:
individuals and businesses to adopt greener lifestyles and It can be observed that green computing is the need of the
workstyles, in terms of the environmental debate computing hour to protect the environment. As more and more time
is definitely both part of the problem and part of the passes the need of computers as a dependable machine
solution. Through more environmentally aware usage (such increases and so does its use. So computer penetration is
as more effective power management and shut-down during increasing globally at an amazing rate. This makes it all the
periods of inactivity), and by adopting current lower power more necessary to maintain green computing procedures
technologies, computers can already be made significantly throughout the life cycle of a computer from manufacturing
more energy efficient. Indeed, just as we now look back and through day-to-day operation till the end of its operating
wonder why automobiles a decade or two ago used to guzzle stage. In this regard according to David Wang, the data
so much petrol, in a decade's time we will no doubt be center architecture of Teradata,” Every step consumes
staggered that a typical desktop PC used to happily sit energy and buying a new, more efficient computer may not
around drawing 100-200W of power every hour night and always be the right answer”[32]. Thus, it can be safely
day, and when accomplishing no more than displaying a concluded that in order to have a healthy and clean
screensaver. environment all stake holders must work collaboratively for
a healthier and greener environment for our future
The computing industry is more prepared and far more generations.
competent than almost any other industry when it comes to
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Volume 6, Issue 07 Published by, www.ijert.org 5