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    Dihedral Group

    Uploaded by

    GoranHuygh
    The document defines and describes the dihedral group D2n. The dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular n-gon under function composition. It is generated by rotations σ and reflections τ of the n-gon. Properties of the dihedral group include that the order of reflections τ is 2, rotations and reflections are distinct, the product of a rotation and reflection depends on the rotation's index, and the relation στ=τσ-i holds for all i. Every element of D2n has a unique representation as σjτk for j from 1 to n-1 and k equal to 0 or 1.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Dihedral Group

    Uploaded by

    GoranHuygh
    50 views2 pages
    The document defines and describes the dihedral group D2n. The dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular n-gon under function composition. It is generated by rotations σ and reflections τ of the n-gon. Properties of the dihedral group include that the order of reflections τ is 2, rotations and reflections are distinct, the product of a rotation and reflection depends on the rotation's index, and the relation στ=τσ-i holds for all i. Every element of D2n has a unique representation as σjτk for j from 1 to n-1 and k equal to 0 or 1.

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    Dihedral group

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    The document defines and describes the dihedral group D2n. The dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular n-gon under function composition. It is generated by rotations σ and reflections τ of the n-gon. Properties of the dihedral group include that the order of reflections τ is 2, rotations and reflections are distinct, the product of a rotation and reflection depends on the rotation's index, and the relation στ=τσ-i holds for all i. Every element of D2n has a unique representation as σjτk for j from 1 to n-1 and k equal to 0 or 1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views2 pages

    Dihedral Group

    Uploaded by

    GoranHuygh
    The document defines and describes the dihedral group D2n. The dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular n-gon under function composition. It is generated by rotations σ and reflections τ of the n-gon. Properties of the dihedral group include that the order of reflections τ is 2, rotations and reflections are distinct, the product of a rotation and reflection depends on the rotation's index, and the relation στ=τσ-i holds for all i. Every element of D2n has a unique representation as σjτk for j from 1 to n-1 and k equal to 0 or 1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Dihedral group

    Date created: 2023-10-25 15:41


    Tags: #Type/Object #Topic/Abstract_Algebra

    Types: Not applicable


    Examples: Not applicable
    Construction: σ τ = τ σ
    i −i

    Generalization: Groups

    Properties: Order of the dihedral group


    Sufficiencies: Not applicable
    Equivalences: D = ⟨σ, τ ⟩
    2n

    Justifications: Modular group, Modular arithmetic, Dihedral group is a group, Permutations

    An often very important group studied for it's geometric symmetries is the dihedral group.

    Definition: Dihedral group D 2n

    The group D , called the dihedral group, is the group constituted of the set of all local and global symmetry preserving
    2n

    permutations of a regular n-gon under the operation of function composition.

    These Permutations are rotations σ and reflections τ . Describing them formally requires us to label each vertex with a number
    between 1 and n (obviously making sure 2 comes after one or before). We can then describe these permutations as follows:

    Definition: Rotation ​

    A rotation of an n-gon is the permutation σ that does the following mapping:

    σ : {1 ≤ i ≤ n} → {1 ≤ i ≤ n} : v ↦ σ(v)

    And:

    σ(m) = j ⟹ σ(m + 1) = (j + 1) mod n ∨ σ(m + 1) = (j − 1) mod n

    Whilst a reflection τ is defined as:

    Definition: Reflection ​

    A reflection τ of an n-gon around a vertex c is defined by the following mapping:

    τ : {1 ≤ i ≤ n} → {1 ≤ i ≤ n} : v ↦ τ (v)

    And:

    τ (c) = c ∧ τ (c + k mod n) = c − k mod n k ∈ Z

    One would obviously need to verify this does indeed form a group (Dihedral group is a group).

    We can extract the following properties from the definitions, which we will not prove with an exception for 5:

    Properties of the dihedral group 1


    ​
    1. σ j
    ,σ
    k
    ∧ j ≠ k ⟹ σ
    j
    ≠ σ
    k

    2. |τ | = 2

    3. ∀τ , σ, i : τ ≠ σ
    i

    4. τ σ i
    ≠ τσ
    j
    ⟺ j ≠ i

    5. ∀i i
    : σ τ = τσ
    −i

    We can thus easily conclude that every element in D 2n has a unique representation of the form σ j
    τ
    k
    with 1 ≤ j ≤ n − 1 and k .
    = 0, 1

    Remark : We haven't really develop a proper notation for all these properties, most of these remain very obvious so it is not really
    1

    needed.

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