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    DBS

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    Hema Darshana
    Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) delivers satellite television signals directly to small satellite dishes for home reception. It works by sending programming from a source to a broadcast center, then to a satellite and down to receivers via small satellite dishes. There are two main frequency bands used: C-band and Ku-band. DBS uses error correction techniques like interleaving to combat burst errors during transmission. MPEG compression standards like MPEG-2 are commonly used to remove spatial and temporal redundancy from video for more efficient transmission. DBS offers consumers an alternative to cable with a large number of channels and potential for internet data delivery via satellite.

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    DBS

    Uploaded by

    Hema Darshana
    16 views18 pages
    Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) delivers satellite television signals directly to small satellite dishes for home reception. It works by sending programming from a source to a broadcast center, then to a satellite and down to receivers via small satellite dishes. There are two main frequency bands used: C-band and Ku-band. DBS uses error correction techniques like interleaving to combat burst errors during transmission. MPEG compression standards like MPEG-2 are commonly used to remove spatial and temporal redundancy from video for more efficient transmission. DBS offers consumers an alternative to cable with a large number of channels and potential for internet data delivery via satellite.

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    Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) delivers satellite television signals directly to small satellite dishes for home reception. It works by sending programming from a source to a broadcast center, then to a satellite and down to receivers via small satellite dishes. There are two main frequency bands used: C-band and Ku-band. DBS uses error correction techniques like interleaving to combat burst errors during transmission. MPEG compression standards like MPEG-2 are commonly used to remove spatial and temporal redundancy from video for more efficient transmission. DBS offers consumers an alternative to cable with a large number of channels and potential for internet data delivery via satellite.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views18 pages

    DBS

    Uploaded by

    Hema Darshana
    Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) delivers satellite television signals directly to small satellite dishes for home reception. It works by sending programming from a source to a broadcast center, then to a satellite and down to receivers via small satellite dishes. There are two main frequency bands used: C-band and Ku-band. DBS uses error correction techniques like interleaving to combat burst errors during transmission. MPEG compression standards like MPEG-2 are commonly used to remove spatial and temporal redundancy from video for more efficient transmission. DBS offers consumers an alternative to cable with a large number of channels and potential for internet data delivery via satellite.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Introduction

    • Direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) is a type of artificial satellite which


    usually sends satellite television signals for home reception.

    • All in all we can say that it is a method of receiving satellite television


    by means of signals transmitted from direct-broadcast satellites.
    Overview of working

    Mainly five components are there –

    the programming source

    the broadcast center

    the satellite

    the satellite dish

    the receiver.
    The working bands of DSB : the c and ku band

    At present time, there are 4 commercially available satellite television


    technologies

    •C-Band
    • DIRECTV (Ku-Band + Ka-Band)
    • DISH (Ku-Band)
    •Globe Cast World TV (Ku-Band)
    DIGITAL DSB TV (receiver)
    ERROR CONTROL IN DSB

    13-17 Error correction


    23-27 For digital data
    Interleaving and de-interleaving -

    Interleaving is frequently used in digital communication and storage


    systems to improve the performance of forward error correcting codes.
    interleaving is widely used for burst error-correction.

    Transmission without interleaving


    Error-free message: aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg
    Transmission with a burst error: aaaabbbbccc____deeeeffffgggg
    With interleaving:
    Error-free code words: aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg

    Interleaved: abcdefgabcdefgabcdefgabcdefg
    Transmission with a burst error: abcdefgabcd____bcdefgabcdefg
    Received code words after deinterleaving: aa_abbbbccccdddde_eef_ffg_gg

    In each of the codewords aaaa, eeee, ffff, gggg, only one bit is altered,
    so one-bit error-correcting code will decode everything correctly

    Disadvantages of interleaving
    Use of interleaving techniques increases total delay. This is because the
    entire interleaved block must be received before the packets can be
    decoded.
    MPEG

    The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a working


    group of authorities that was formed by ISO and IEC to set
    standards for audio and video compression and transmission

    MPEG has standardized the following compression formats


    and ancillary standards:

    •MPEG 1

    •MPEG 2

    •MPEG 3

    •MPEG 4
    MPEG 2

    MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of digital television signals that are
    broadcast by terrestrial (over-the-air), cable, and direct broadcast satellite
    TV systems. It also specifies the format of movies and other programs that
    are distributed on DVD and similar discs

    . MPEG-2 removes both the temporal redundancy and spatial redundancy which are
    present in motion video.

    Temporal redundancy arises when successive frames of video display images of


    the same scene. It is common for the content of the scene to remain fixed or to
    change only slightly between successive frames.

    Spatial redundancy occurs because pats of the picture (called pels) are often
    replicated (with minor changes) within a single frame of video.
    BASIC OPERATION OF ENCODER

    MPEG-2 includes a wide range of compression mechanisms. An encoder must


    therefore which compression mechanisms are best suited to a particular scene /
    sequence of scenes. In general, the more sophisticated the encoder, the better it is
    at selecting the most appropriate compression mechanism, and therefore the
    higher the picture quality for a given transmission bit rate. MPEG-2 decoders also
    come in various types and have varying capabilities (including ability to handle
    high quality video, ability to cope with errors) and connection options.
    Encoder and decoder of mpeg
    Motion vectors are parsed from the data stream and fed to the motion compensator.
    Quantized DCT coefficients are fed to the inverse quantizer and then to an IDCT
    circuit that transforms them back to the spatial domain. For P and B pictures, motion
    vector data is translated to a memory address by the motion compensator to read a
    particular macroblock (predicted macroblock) out of a previously stored reference
    picture. The adder adds this prediction to the residual to form reconstructed picture
    data. For I pictures, there are no motion vectors and no reference picture, so the
    prediction is forced to zero. For I and P pictures, the adder output it is fed back to be
    stored as a reference picture for future predictions.
    ADVNTAGES

    •allows storage and transmission of movies using currently


    available storage media and transmission bandwidth
    •better coding quality at higher data rates in comparison with
    MPEG 1
    •often used to create movies to be distributed over the internet
    •offers resolutions of 720x480 and 1280x720 at 60 fps, full CD-
    quality audio
    •significant requirements for computer encoding

    DISADVANTAGE

    The error correcting procedure is long

    Video compression is not highly efficient for high definition


    The trends
    Conclusion
    •DBS seems most appealing to persons who either are
    disenchanted with cable television or who live in areas
    that are not served by cable.
    •DBS-TV systems operate with small antennas and low
    cost receiving systems, and offer a very large number of
    video and audio channels, making them attractive to
    customers.
    •Delivery of bit stream through a direct broadcast
    satellite can be adapted to serve Internet users who
    require the download of large blocks of data.
    THANK YOU

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