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    1.1.5. Word Formation Process

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    1. Morphology is the scientific study of morphemes, the smallest meaningful units of language. 2. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes, which cannot stand alone and attach to free morphemes. 3. Morphological analysis involves identifying the root, prefix, suffix, and class of a word. Suffixes can be inflectional or derivational, and derivational suffixes can change or maintain a word's class.

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    1.1.5. Word Formation Process

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    1. Morphology is the scientific study of morphemes, the smallest meaningful units of language. 2. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes, which cannot stand alone and attach to free morphemes. 3. Morphological analysis involves identifying the root, prefix, suffix, and class of a word. Suffixes can be inflectional or derivational, and derivational suffixes can change or maintain a word's class.

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    1. Morphology is the scientific study of morphemes, the smallest meaningful units of language. 2. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes, which cannot stand alone and attach to free morphemes. 3. Morphological analysis involves identifying the root, prefix, suffix, and class of a word. Suffixes can be inflectional or derivational, and derivational suffixes can change or maintain a word's class.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views4 pages

    1.1.5. Word Formation Process

    Uploaded by

    bing30923
    1. Morphology is the scientific study of morphemes, the smallest meaningful units of language. 2. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes, which cannot stand alone and attach to free morphemes. 3. Morphological analysis involves identifying the root, prefix, suffix, and class of a word. Suffixes can be inflectional or derivational, and derivational suffixes can change or maintain a word's class.

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    Morphology

    I. Meaning
    Morphology is a scientific study of Morph/ Morphemes. Morph is smallest minimal meaningful unit of
    language. Morphology basically scientific study of the words and their formation. Words are made up of
    one or more than one morph. A word can have only one morph and that is Free Morph.
    Morph: smallest meaningful unit of language. For example there are three morphemes in the given word.
    Un-friend-ly
    1 2 3
    Types of Morphemes:
    There are two types of morphemes as indicated below.
    Morphemes

    Free Morpheme Bound Morpheme

    Prefix Suffix

    Derivational Inflectional Derivational


    Plurals,-ed,-en, s forms of Verbs
    Class Class -er and –est forms of Adjectives Class Class
    Changing Maintaining Changing Maintaining
    1. Free Morpheme:
    In the above given word ‘Friend’ is Free Morph because it doesn’t need to take any other Morph. It
    can appear alone and independently in a word.
    2. Bound Morpheme:
    In the above example ‘Un-’& ‘ly’ are the bound Morphemes because they don’t appear independently
    in a sentence, they have to rely on the Free Morph. Bound morphemes are further divided into Prefix
    and Suffix respectively. Prefixes always come before the Free Morph and suffixes are those which come
    after the Free Morph. For example in the word ‘Un-conscious-ly’ Un is Prefix and ly is Suffix and
    conscious is Free Morph.
    Morphological Analysis of words:
    Unfriendly(Adj)

    Prefix Stem
    Un- friendly(Adj)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix root suffix
    friend(N) -ly
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    Communication Skills-II BCA FY Mr. Kailash Jadhav,


    COCSIT, Latur.
    In the above given example we see that Free Morph, ‘friend’ is the root. And Free Morph always remains
    the Root at last in the morphological analysis. Stem is that part which can further be divided into two or
    more, when division is possible of the word we should name it as stem.
    Inflectional & Derivational:
    These are the types of Suffix. For Example
    i. Book, Books
    ii. Talk, talks, talked
    iii. Small, smaller, smallest
    The suffixes –s, -ed forms of the verb and plurals of the noun, -er, -est forms of the adjectives and adverbs
    don’t produce new word. They are just the different forms of the same words. So these suffixes just play
    the grammatical role there and hence they are called Inflectional Suffixes.
    Derivational Suffixes on the other hand produces new words when they come after the Free Morph and
    change or maintain the class the word that they follow. For example Friend(N) is basically noun when
    we add -ly this suffix, it becomes the Friendly(Adj), and adverb thus –ly produces new word, Friendly
    and changes the class of the friend(N) noun into adjective friendly. That’s why Derivational Suffixes are
    divided into Class Changing and Class Maintaining.
    When we add prefixes to the word we get new word, therefore, all the prefixes are Derivational. And
    again prefixes are class changing and maintaining Derivational.
    Let us discuss these words and their morphological analysis…
    Examples:

    1 Unconsciousness(N)

    Prefix Stem
    Un- consciousness(N)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix root suffix
    conscious(Adj) -ness
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    2 Unacceptable(Adj)

    Prefix Stem
    Un- acceptable(Adj)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix root suffix
    accept(V) -able
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    Communication Skills-II BCA FY Mr. Kailash Jadhav,


    COCSIT, Latur.
    3 Decentralization(N)

    Prefix Stem
    De- centralization(N)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix stem suffix
    centralize(V) -tion
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix
    Stem suffix
    central(Adj) -ize
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix
    Root suffix
    center(N) -al
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    4 Irregularly(Adv)

    Prefix Stem
    ir- regularly(Adv)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix root suffix
    regular(Adj) -ly
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    5 Unexpectedly(Adv)

    Prefix Stem
    Un- expectedly(Adv)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix stem suffix
    expected(Adj) -ly
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix
    root suffix
    expect(V) -ed
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    Communication Skills-II BCA FY Mr. Kailash Jadhav,


    COCSIT, Latur.
    6 Book-keeping(Noun Compound)

    Compound compound
    Book (N) -keeping(Adj)
    Class Maintaining
    Derivational Prefix root suffix
    keep(V) -ing
    Class Changing Derivational Suffix

    This chapter will be asked for 15 Marks in the University examination, so students are requested to see
    the above solved examples and pracice same questions as given below.

    1. Revitalize 2. Uninteresting 3. Reintroduction 4. Incapacitate


    5. Revengeful 6. Uncontrollable 7. Disallowed 8. Confidential
    9. Universalizes 10. Reinterpretation 11. Rearrangement 12. Dehumanized
    13. Untouchables 14. Anti-establishments 15. Disagreement 16. Unconditionally
    17. Uselessness 18. Disentangle 19. Empowerment 20. Sunlight
    21. Chess-board 22. Book-keeping 23. Pass-book 24. Brainwashing
    25. Drinking-water 26. White-collar 27. Chairperson 28. Pick-pocket
    29. Good-looking
    Practice all the given words.

    Summary

    Morphology
    1. Meaning
    2. Types
    a. Free Morpheme
    b. Bound Morpheme
    3. Prefixes and suffixes
    4. Inflectional & Derivational
    5. Stem & Root.\
    6. Morphologically analyze a word.
    7. Conclusion.
    If this chapter is asked for Short Notes, please cover above given points in your short note.

    ================

    Communication Skills-II BCA FY Mr. Kailash Jadhav,


    COCSIT, Latur.

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