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    PPT#31 Deductive&InductiveReasoning

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    Jeffrey Lucero
    This document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning involves drawing logical conclusions from general statements to specific instances. It uses undefined terms, axioms, theorems and rules of inference to make deductions. Inductive reasoning involves looking for patterns in experiences or data to make generalizations. It draws conclusions based on a set of observations rather than logical deductions. Examples are provided for both deductive and inductive reasoning arguments.

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    PPT#31 Deductive&InductiveReasoning

    Uploaded by

    Jeffrey Lucero
    46 views6 pages
    This document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning involves drawing logical conclusions from general statements to specific instances. It uses undefined terms, axioms, theorems and rules of inference to make deductions. Inductive reasoning involves looking for patterns in experiences or data to make generalizations. It draws conclusions based on a set of observations rather than logical deductions. Examples are provided for both deductive and inductive reasoning arguments.

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    PPT#31-Deductive&InductiveReasoning

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    This document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning involves drawing logical conclusions from general statements to specific instances. It uses undefined terms, axioms, theorems and rules of inference to make deductions. Inductive reasoning involves looking for patterns in experiences or data to make generalizations. It draws conclusions based on a set of observations rather than logical deductions. Examples are provided for both deductive and inductive reasoning arguments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views6 pages

    PPT#31 Deductive&InductiveReasoning

    Uploaded by

    Jeffrey Lucero
    This document discusses deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning involves drawing logical conclusions from general statements to specific instances. It uses undefined terms, axioms, theorems and rules of inference to make deductions. Inductive reasoning involves looking for patterns in experiences or data to make generalizations. It draws conclusions based on a set of observations rather than logical deductions. Examples are provided for both deductive and inductive reasoning arguments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    3.

    1 Deductive and Inductive Reasoning


    Deductive Reasoning
    A type of logic in which one goes from a general
    statement to a specific instance.

    This involves making a logical argument,


    drawing conclusions, and
    applying generalizations to specific situations

    Makes use of undefined terms, formally defined terms,


    Axioms, theorems, and rules of inference.
    Examples
    1. The classic example:
    All men are mortal. (major premise)
    Socrates is a man. (minor premise)
    Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (conclusion)

    2. All students eat pizza.


    Claire is a student at USC.
    Therefore, Claire eats pizza.

    3. If a number is divisible by 2, then it must be even.


    Therefore, 2020 is an even number.
    4. If a student is a DOST scholar, he receives a monthly allowance.
    If a student receives a monthly allowance, his parents will be happy.
    Therefore, if a student is a DOST scholar, his parents will be happy.
    (Hypothetical syllogism)

    5. Quadrilaterals have four sides. Therefore, a square is a quadrilateral.

    6.
    Inductive Reasoning
    This involves looking for patterns and making generalizations.

    Is making a conclusion based on a set of experiences or data.

    What is next?
    Examples
    1. What is the next number in the sequence 6, 13, 20, 27,… ?
    2. Planets Mars, Venus and Mercury travel about the sun in elliptical orbits.
    Therefore, all planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits.
    3. All carabaos that I have seen are black. All carabaos must be black.
    4. The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining room is red. The chair in the bedroom is red.
    All the chairs in the house are red.
    5. Every cat that you've observed purrs. Therefore, all cats must purr.
    6. The children in that house yell loudly when they play in their bedroom. I can hear children yelling in that house.
    Therefore, the children must be playing in their bedroom.
    7. All the children in this daycare center like to play with Lego. All children must like to play with Lego.
    8. Ray is a football player. All the other football players on the high school team weigh more than 170 pounds.
    Therefore, Ray must weigh more than 170 pounds.
    9. Every year we get a thunderstorm in May. Since it is May, we will get a thunderstorm.
    10. What are the next three numbers in the sequence 1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6, 4, 7, 5, . . . ?
    11.

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