Place and Manner of Articulation Consonants

Place and Manner of Articulation
(The Consonantal Sounds)

Prepared by:
Marites M. Roh
CONSONANT SOUNDS
The English Consonant Sounds
Place of Articulation
• Refers to “the point in the vocal tract where the

speech organs restrict the passage of air in some
way so producing distinctive speech sounds”
(Finch, 1999).
• As with manner of articulation, places of

articulation are more frequently used to describe
consonants than vowels.
• English is not your first language, making English sounds does not come
naturally. You might speak a language that has many similar sounds, but
there’s a good chance your native language does not include all of the
sounds of English.
• That’s why you need to understand how and where the sounds of English
occur.
• The how of making sounds is called the manner of articulation.
• The where of making sounds is called the place of articulation.

• Bilabial. “Sounds formed by both lips coming together” (Finch, 1999).

Examples include /b/, /p/ and /m/.
• Labio-dental. “Sounds formed by the bottom lip touching the upper teeth”
(Finch, 1999). Examples include /v/ and /f/.
• Dental. “Sounds formed by the tongue touching the upper teeth” (Finch,
1999). These are not common in English, although they can sound like /t/
or /d/.
• Interdental. “Produced by the tip of the tongue protruding between the

upper and lower teeth. Interdental sounds include the ‘th’ sound /θ/ in
words like ‘thing’ and ‘author’, or the /ð/ in words like ‘this’ and ‘other’.
• Alveolar. “Sounds formed by the tongue coming into contact with

the hard, or alveolar ridge immediately behind the upper teeth”
(Finch, 1999).
• The Alveolar sounds are common in plosive English sounds such as

/t/, /d/ and /n/, and in fricative sounds such as /z/.
• teeth
• Post-alveolar. “Sounds formed by the tongue curled behind the

alveolar ridge” (Finch, 1999).
Examples include the /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, or the ‘sh’ sounds in words like
‘ship’, or the ‘s’ sound in words like ‘vision’.
Palato-alveolar. “Sounds formed by the tongue in contact with both

the roof of the mouth, or hard palate, and the alveolar ridge”
(Finch, 1999).
Examples include the /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ sounds in ‘church’ and ‘judge’.
Palatal. “Sounds formed by the middle of the tongue up against the

hard palate” (Finch, 1999).
The /j/ sound is the only consistent example of a palatal sound in

English. This sound forms the ‘y’ in words like ‘yes’ and ‘yellow’.
Velar. “Sounds formed by the back of the tongue against the soft
palate, or velum” (Finch, 1999). Think of the /k/ in ‘kick’, or the
/g/ in ‘go’. The ‘ng’ sound / ŋ/ in words like ‘sing’ and ‘tongue’ is
also a velar sound.
Manner of Articulation
-refers to the "how” of making sounds.
-MOA in second language learning is important, because

pronunciation doesn’t come as naturally as when learning
first language.
-is a great help to pronounce sounds correctly and speak

more clearly.
According to manner of articulation,
consonants are classified as:
• Nasals
• Stops
• fricatives
• affricates
• approximant
Manner of articulation_ 1.) STOPS/Plosives
Initial Sounds
• We build pressure of /p/ – pig
air and then release /b/ – bag
it. This is a sudden /t/ – tall
burst of air. Examples /d/ – dad
of stops include: /p/ /k/ kick
/b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /g/ – girl
Manner of articulation_ 2) Fricative
• Fricatives are created

when air forces its way We stop part of the air so it can’t come through
through a narrow gap everywhere. It is a stream of air. Imagine a river of
between two articulators at water flowing. Then imagine putting a large rock in the
a steady pace. center of the river. The flow of the water would change
because of the large rock, but the water would still flow
around it. This is a strong description of what a fricative
sound is formed. There is a flowing river of air, and you
• Sounds include: /f/ /v/ partially block it with your tongue, teeth, or lips.
/s/ /z/ /h/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /ð/
/θ/
Initial Sound
/f/ – four
/ʒ/ – This sound does not occur at the beginning of
/v/ – van words in English. It usually occurs in the middle of
English words.
/s/ – sun
/ð/ – these
/z/ – zip
/θ/ – thin
/h/ – hello
/ʃ/ – ship
Final Sound
/f/ – half /ʃ/ – wash
/v/ – have /ʒ/ – rouge – This sound at the

final position is rare. It usually
/s/ – pass occurs in the middle of English
words.
/z/ – has
/ð/ – bathe
/h/ – This sound does not occur
at the end of words in English. It /θ/ – bath
occurs in the beginning or
middle of English words.
Manner of articulation_ 3) Affricate
Initial Sounds
We combine stops and
/tʃ/ – chip
fricatives to form affricates.
Examples include: /tʃ/ and
/dʒ/ – just
/dʒ/. Affricates start with a
stop and then transition into a
Final Sounds
fricative.
/tʃ/ – catch
/dʒ/ – badge
Manner of articulation_ 4) Nasal
We close our palate and let air stream through the nose.
Examples include: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Initial Sounds
/m/ – moon
/n/ – nap
/ŋ/ – This sound does not occur at the beginning of

words in English.
Manner of articulation_ 5) Liquid
We let air stream on the sides of our tongue. Examples

include: /ɹ/ /l/
Initial Sounds
/ɹ/ – red
/l/ – light
Final Sounds
/ɹ/ – dear
/l/ – fill
Manner of articulation_ 6) Glide
We move our mouth constantly from articulation to a vowel sound. Examples include: /w/ and
/j/
Initial Sounds
/w/ – win
/y/ – yellow
Final Sounds
/w/ – This sound does not usually occur at the end of a word in English. When you see a w at the
end of a word, it usually means you bring your lips together in a small circle near the end of the
vowel sound that comes before it, but the /w/ sound is not produced.
/y/ – This sound does not usually occur at the end of a word in English.
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Place and Manner of Articulation

(The Consonantal Sounds)

• Refers to “the point in the vocal tract where the

• As with manner of articulation, places of

• The how of making sounds is called the manner of articulation.

• The where of making sounds is called the place of articulation.

• Bilabial. “Sounds formed by both lips coming together” (Finch, 1999).

• Interdental. “Produced by the tip of the tongue protruding between the

• Alveolar. “Sounds formed by the tongue coming into contact with

• The Alveolar sounds are common in plosive English sounds such as

• Post-alveolar. “Sounds formed by the tongue curled behind the

Palato-alveolar. “Sounds formed by the tongue in contact with both

Palatal. “Sounds formed by the middle of the tongue up against the

The /j/ sound is the only consistent example of a palatal sound in

-refers to the "how” of making sounds.

-MOA in second language learning is important, because

-is a great help to pronounce sounds correctly and speak

• Fricatives are created

/f/ – half /ʃ/ – wash

/v/ – have /ʒ/ – rouge – This sound at the

/ŋ/ – This sound does not occur at the beginning of

We let air stream on the sides of our tongue. Examples

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