1

BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

2
HISTORY
➢ Origin
➢ Milestones
 HISTORY
➢ Biomedical industry emerged as an academic
field in the 1960s

➢ Some developments in bio-med had been

made before the 1960s, like the X-ray.

➢ Otto Schmitt is the “father” of biomedical

engineering

4
 HISTORY
➢ 1895: Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered that a cathode-ray
tube could make a sheet of paper coated with barium
platinocyanide glow, even when the tube and the paper were in
separate rooms, which was the discovery of x-rays.

➢ Major milestones:
Biomedical engineering achievements range from early devices,
such as crutches, platform shoes, and wooden teeth to more modern
equipment, including pacemakers, heart-lung machines, dialysis
machines, diagnostic equipment, imaging technologies of every
kind, and artificial organs, medical implants, and advanced
prosthetics. 5
 WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

?
❑Biomedical engineering is ❑Biomedical
the application of the engineering focuses on
principles and problem- the advances that improve
solving techniques of human health and health
engineering to biology and
medicine. care at all levels.
“This is evident throughout healthcare, from diagnosis and analysis to
treatment and recovery, and has entered the public conscience through
the proliferation of implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers and
artificial hips, to more futuristic technologies such as stem cell
engineering and the 3-D printing of biological organs.”
 WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

One of the main differences between bioengineering and

biomedical engineering is the focus of both fields. Bioengineering
uses engineering principles to study different areas of natural
science and create economically viable or valuable products,
systems, or devices. Biomedical engineers use the same engineering
principles but focus solely on creating goods that solve medical
problems.
 WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING

In simplest terms, Bioengineering refers to the general application of

engineering practices to biological systems such as agriculture,
pharmaceuticals, and health care. Biomedical engineering, meanwhile,
is a specialized subset of bioengineering strictly focused on the
application of engineering practices for healthcare purposes by
designing medical devices and developing processes to improve
health outcomes.
What is the work of a biomedical engineer?

9
SALARY Biomedical Engineer Salary in the
Philippines;

❑ The average ❑ The average salary

salary of a of a Biomedical
Biomedical Engineer per year
Engineer per is ₱278,077.
month is ₱19,688.

10
 BRANCHES

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
 BRANCHES

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
 MAIN
BRANCHES

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
TISSUE ENGINEERING

involves using the latest

technology to invent artificial
organs, regrow new ones, or
create new organs.

14 14
 TISSUE ENGINEERING
Currently, tissue engineering plays a
relatively small role in patient
treatment. Supplemental bladders,
small arteries, skin grafts, cartilage,
and even a full trachea have been
implanted in patients, but the
procedures are still experimental and
very costly. While more complex
organ tissues like heart, lung, and
liver tissue have been successfully
recreated in the lab, they are a long
way from being fully reproducible
and ready to implant into a patient.
15 15
 TISSUE ENGINEERING

Biomaterials can be derived either

from nature or synthesized in the
laboratory using a variety of
chemical approaches utilizing
metallic
components, polymers, ceramics or
composite materials

16 16
 MEDICAL IMAGINING

Medical imaging technology plays

an important role in today’s health
care system, and workers with the
knowledge and skills to perform
diagnostic imaging procedures are
in high demand.

17
 MEDICAL IMAGINING
In short, medical imaging is the process of
visualizing the body’s parts and organs in
order for medical doctors and technicians to
diagnose, monitor, and treat disease or
injury. Medical imaging consists of several
different types of imaging:

Fluoroscopy

18
MEDICAL IMAGINING

X-ray imaging Mammography

19
 MEDICAL IMAGINING

Computed Tomography (CT) Nuclear medicine and

molecular imaging
20
 MEDICAL IMAGINING

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ultrasound Imagining

(MRI)
21
 MEDICAL DEVICE
ENGINEERING
A medical device engineer is an
engineering professional who develops
new medical equipment and medical
devices. As a medical device engineer,
your work will vary depending on your
area of expertise and may include
biomedical research, material research and
sourcing, computer-aided design work,
and teaming up with doctors and patients.

22
 CLINICAL
ENGINEERING

Is a specialty within biomedical

engineering responsible for
using medical technology to
optimize healthcare delivery.

23
 CLINICAL
ENGINEERING
They train and supervise biomedical
equipment technicians (BMETs), working
with governmental regulators on hospital
inspections and audits, and serve
as technological consultants for other
hospital staff (i.e., Physicians,
Administrators, IT). Clinical engineers also
assist manufacturers in improving the
design of medical equipment and
maintain state-of-the-art hospital supply
chains. 24
25
 “
The application of chemical
components for innovation and
creating new medical process and
devices;

❖Metallic Components
❖Polymers
❖Ceramics
❖Composite Materials
26
 “
Through the process of combining
components and manipulation, called
Synthesis.

27
Neal Creative ©
 AGRICULTURAL
AND BIOSYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
WHAT IS
AGRICULTURAL AND
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
It is the application of engineering science and designs to the
processes and systems involved in:

sustainable production,

post-production and processing of safe food, feed, fiber,

timber and other agricultural and biological materials and
the efficient conservation, utilization and,

management of natural and renewable resources in order

to enhance human health in harmony with the environment

Agricultural and biosystems consists of crops forestry and other

plants, poultry, livestock fisheries and aquacultural resources
and other animals wildlife and other living things
 HISTORY
The Agricultural Engineering program was initiated
with the appointment of a Meteorologist and
Irrigation Engineer in 1891. He was succeeded by
three other persons with titles of:

Mathematics and Irrigation Engineering

Hydraulic Engineering
Irrigation Engineering

In 1906, G.E.P. Smith was appointed as Irrigation

Engineer, a position in which he served until 1995.

The Department was given the name "Agricultural

Engineering" for the first time in 1923, the work
remained mostly focused on irrigation and water
resources. From 1914 to 1920, the major was known as
"Rural Engineering", and from 1927 until it changed to
Agricultural Engineering", it was known as "Irrigation
Engineering".
WHAT DO
THEY DO
AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEER BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEER

solve problems related to agricultural equipment, develop the techniques and processes to work
with living systems, including microbes, plants
water quality and water management, and animals

biological products,

livestock facilities,

food processing, and many other agricultural

areas.
HOW MUCH IS THE SALARY OF
AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS
ENGINEER IN THE PHILIPPINES?
In the Philippines, the average monthly wage for No. Experience Salary per month
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers is about
₱39,000. In this country the the salary range for 1 0 - 2 years ₱ 20, 400

Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers starts from

2 2 - 5 years ₱ 27, 200
the lowest level (₱17, 900) to highest level
(₱62,000). 3 5 - 10 years ₱ 40, 200

4 10 - 15 years ₱ 49, 000

5 15 - 20 years ₱ 53, 400

6 Over 20 years ₱ 57, 800

FIELD OF
EXPERTIES
BS MACHINERY AND POWER BS STRUCTURES AND
ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING

It is the application of mechanical, Sewerage systems, wastewater

physical, biological and electronic treatment plants, green roofs and
principles to the solution to real - air purification mechanisms, such
life problems or issues in as wet scrubbers and cyclones.
crop/fruit/vegetable production
and processing.
FIELD OF
EXPERTIES
BS LAND WATER AND BS FOOD PROCESS
RESOURCES ENGINEERING ENGINEERING

It broadly implies the application The understanding and application

of engineering principles to the of the fundamental principles and
solution of land and water laws of nature that allow humans
management problems. The to transform raw material and
phrase "Soil and Water energy into products that are
Conservation Engineering" is also useful to society, at an industrial
commonly used to mean the same level.
as "Land and Water Management
Engineering".
FIELD OF
EXPERTIES
SOIL AND WATER IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE
CONSERVATION ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (IDSE)

It is the study of soil and water It covers all phases of irrigation,

conservation, which deals with drainage engineering, hydrology
activities at the local level that and related water management
maintains as well as enhances the subjects such as watershed
productive capacity of the land management, weather
including soil, water and modification, water quality, ground
vegetation in areas prone to water and surface water.
degradation. It is under
Agricultural engineering which
works on natural resource
management for sustainable
agricultural production.
FIELD OF
EXPERTIES
THR FARM STRUCTURE AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION
DEPARTMENT TECHNOLOGY

It educates students in the (ICT in agriculture), focuses on the

application of engineering enhancement of agricultural and
principles to design and construct rural development through
all kinds of farm buildings for improved information and
residence, livestock management, communication processes.
storage of crop produce and
processing operations.
AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENG'G & CHEMISTRY
Chemistry plays a significant role in this field by providing a fundamental understanding of the chemical
reactions and processes involved in agriculture and food production

SOIL CHEMISTRY BIOMASS CONVERSION

Understanding the chemical properties of soil is essential Biomass, such as crop residues & other agricultural waste
for optimizing crop growth and managing soil fertility. products, can be converted into biofuels and other value-
Agricultural and biosystems engineers work closely with added products. Agricultural and biosystems engineers
food chemists to develop processing technologies that use their knowledge of chemistry to develop efficient and
preserve the quality and safety of food products. sustainable processes for biomass conversion

FOOD CHEMISTRY WATER QUALITY

The chemical composition of foods can affect their natural Chemical pollutants can contaminate water sources,
value, flavor, and safety. Agricultural and biosystems which can have negative impacts on both human health
engineers work closely with food chemists to develop and the environment. Agricultural and biosystems
technologies that preserve the quality and safety of food engineers work to develop strategies for managing water
products. quality, including the use of chemical treatment
technologies
 GROUP 1

METALLURGICAL
ENGINEERING
WHAT IS METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING?
Metallurgical engineers are essential for the development
and maintenance of products that require the use or
transformation of metals. A metallurgical engineer, also
known as a metallurgist or material science engineer, can
contribute to automotive, aerospace, electronics, heat
treatment, production and heavy equipment projects.

IT is ALSO the study and practice of transforming metals

into usefuleveryday products. Metallurgical engineers can
work in a variety of fields, from medical technology to
automotive design and development. This field of
engineering facilitates the creation oF computer chips,
aerospace components and surgical implants.
What does a Metallurgical Engineer do?
Metallurgic engineers work in metals and alloys in various
industrial and manufacturing settings. They analyze metals and
alloys to determine their physical and chemical properties and
may also contribute to manufacturing through the development
of new alloys for specific applications, including a lightweight
but strong metal used in transportation. They research metals
using various methodologies including x-rays to examine their
structure or an electron microscope to look at a molecular
structure. They conduct tests to ascertain how metals react to
extreme conditions, including physical stress or excessive cold.
HISTORY OF METaLLURGY
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek metallourgós,
"worker in metal" The word was originally an alchemist 's
term for the extraction of metals from minerals.

The earliest evidence of extractive metallurgy dates back to

the 5th and 6th millennia BC. It has been discovered at
archaeological sites in Majdanpek, Jarkovac, and Plonik, all
located in modern-day Serbia today. The Belovode site in
Plocnik has been identified as the location of the world’s first
copper smelting.
 SALARY OF A METaLLURGICAL
ENGINEER
The average metallurgical engineer gross salary in
Philippines is ₱564,229 or an equivalent hourly rate
of ₱271. In addition, they earn an average bonus of
₱18,958. Salary estimates based on salary survey
data collected directly from employers and
anonymous employees in Philippines.
 PROCESS OF METaLLURGY
1. Crushing and grinding: The first process in metallurgy is
crushing of ores into a fine powder in a crusher or ball mill.
This process is known as pulverization.
 2. The concentration of ores: The process of removing
impurities from ore is known as a concentration of minerals or
ore dressing. In metallurgy, we concentrate the ores mainly by
the following methods

- Hydrolytic method: In this method, we pour the ore over a

sloping, vibrating corrugated table with grooves. A jet of water
is allowed to flow over the surface. The denser ore particles
settle in the grooves, and the impurities are washed away by
water.
 - Magnetic separation: In this case, the crushed ore is placed on
a conveyor belt. This belt rotates around two wheels in which
one of the wheels is magnetic, and therefore the magnetic
particles get attracted to the magnetic wheel and fall apart from
the non-magnetic particles.
 - Froth floatation: In this
process, we take the
crushed ore in a large tank
which contains oil and
water. A current of
compressed air is passed
through it. The ore gets wet
by oil and is separated
from the impurities in the
form of froth. Ore is
lighter, and so it comes on
the surface and impurities
are left behind.
 - Roasting and calcination: In metallurgy,
the process of heating a concentrated ore in
the presence of oxygen is known as roasting.
This process is applied in the case of sulfide
ores. For ores containing carbonate or
hydrated oxides, heating is done in the
absence of air to melt the ores, and this
process is known as calcination
ROASTING
CALCINATION
 SUBDISCIPLINE OF A
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
 GEOLOGICAL ENGINEER
Geological engineering involves geology, and fields
such as mining, forestry and geography. These
engineers apply earth sciences to human problems.
Specialty areas include geotechnical site studies of
rock and soil slope stability for projects;
environmental studies and planning for construction
sites; groundwater studies; hazard investigations;
and finding fossil fuel and mineral deposits.
Geological engineers investigate things that are part
of or are made to be part of the earth, including
roads, mines and quarries, dams, petroleum
production, railways, building projects, pipelines,
and forestry operations.

They engineer clean-up and environmental

assessments where pollution occurs. They survey for
minerals and drinking water; they search for building
material resources, and they map potential landslides
and earthquakes. The variety in this field is
enormous.
 MINING ENGINEER
Mining engineers work to help resource companies in
mining and mineral extraction. They're responsible for
coordinating projects and activities in mine sites, including
digging, extracting and transporting resources from the
mine. To do this, they develop new techniques, design and
test machinery, and incorporate conventional mining
methods. Mining engineers specialise in different resource
and material areas, including iron ore, gold, oil and gas,
coal and uranium. Each of the different minerals is found in
different conditions and environments and requires various
extraction methods.
 These engineers focus on improving
safety in mine sites while also
maximising productivity, efficiency and
the quality of minerals extracted. They
also consider their techniques' impacts on
the environment and develop new ways
to reduce the negative effects of their
activities.
CONNECTION OF CHEMISTRY TO METALLURGICAL
ENGINEERING
metallurgy is the science of obtaining metals from
their ores, and of considering reactions of metals
with an approach of disciplines belonging to
chemistry. As such, it involves reactivity of metals
and it is chiefly concerned with the reduction and
oxidation, and the chemical performance of
metals.
TENKS FOR LISTENING AND
LOOKINGN AND LEARNING