Male Infertility
Male Infertility
Male Infertility
INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL
BIOLOGY PROJECT
1
CERTIFICATE
Date:
Place: RIS BOISAR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank you.
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INDEX
1. Male Infertility 5
7. Management and 11
Treatment
8. Preventions 14
9. Bibliography 15
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MALE INFERTILITY
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WHICH MALES ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE
INFERTILITY?
Some males are more likely than others to experience
infertility. You might be more likely if:
• You have overweight or obesity.
• You’re age 40 or older.
• You’ve been exposed to radiation.
• You’ve been exposed to environmental toxins including
lead, calcium, pesticides or mercury.
• You use tobacco, marijuana or alcohol.
• You’re taking some medications including cyproterone,
flutamide, spironolactone, bicalutamide, cimetidine or
ketoconazole.
• You’re around heat that raises the temperature of your
testes. Those who frequently use a sauna, hot tub or
wheelchair might experience this.
• You have a history of undescended testicle(s).
• You have a history of varicoceles, which are widened
veins in your scrotum.
• You’ve been exposed to testosterone. Some males need
injections, implants or topical gel for low testosterone.
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SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES
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• Hormonal disorders: Disorders that affect your
hypothalamus or pituitary glands can affect your
infertility.
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
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• Viscosity: How fast your semen liquefies.
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MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
Medications:
• Hormone therapy to increase the number of sperm.
Lifestyle changes:
• Maintain a body weight that's healthy for you.
• Stop smoking.
• Stop drinking.
• Stop using marijuana.
• Stop any recreational drug use.
Surgeries:
• Vasectomy reversal: This common procedure is an
outpatient surgery. The surgeon reconnects your vas
deferens which is the tube in the scrotum through
which your sperm passes. Viewing the vas deferens
through a high-power surgical microscope, the surgeon
carefully sews the ends back together.
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• Vasoepididymostomy: Blockages in your vas deferens
are repaired with a similar technique. Your vas
deferens is surgically split, the blockage is removed
and the ends of the tube are reconnected. When the
original vasectomy was performed many years
previously, an additional blockage may have formed in
the epididymis, the coiled tube that lies against your
testicle where sperm cells mature. Blockage at the
epididymis also can occur due to infection or injury.
Whatever the cause, your surgeon will fix the problem
by bypassing the blockage in the epididymis.
• Sperm Retrieval: In some severe cases, a biopsy of the
testicle is required to find sperm.
Other:
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: Artificial techniques
of reproduction have advanced to the point where a
single sperm can be physically injected into an egg.
This procedure, called intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI) has dramatically changed the treatment
available for even the most severe male factor
infertility. Because of this technique, 90% of all
infertile males have the potential to conceive their own
genetic child.
• In vitro fertilization: For some couples dealing with
male infertility, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the
treatment of choice. During the IVF process, the
ovaries are stimulated with injectable fertility
medications to cause multiple eggs to mature. When
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the eggs are ready, they are collected in a minor
procedure. Fertilization is accomplished by exposing
the eggs to sperm in a culture dish, or by directly
injecting a single sperm into each mature egg, a
process called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (see
above). After fertilization, embryo development is
monitored over the next three to five days, and two to
three embryos are then placed into the uterus by way of
a small catheter inserted through the cervix.
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PREVENTION
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseas
es/17201-male-infertility
• https://www.scribd.com/document/437572
499/Biology-investigatory-project
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