The document discusses the biochemical effects of diet and nutrition on oral health. It notes that good nutrition leads to good oral health, tooth development, bone strength, and prevention of oral diseases. It then discusses the importance of dental care in preventing tooth decay and gum disease. It outlines the prevalence of common oral diseases like dental caries and periodontitis. The document also discusses risk factors for dental decay and describes the roles of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, proteins, and amylase in dental health and disease.
The document discusses the biochemical effects of diet and nutrition on oral health. It notes that good nutrition leads to good oral health, tooth development, bone strength, and prevention of oral diseases. It then discusses the importance of dental care in preventing tooth decay and gum disease. It outlines the prevalence of common oral diseases like dental caries and periodontitis. The document also discusses risk factors for dental decay and describes the roles of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, proteins, and amylase in dental health and disease.
The document discusses the biochemical effects of diet and nutrition on oral health. It notes that good nutrition leads to good oral health, tooth development, bone strength, and prevention of oral diseases. It then discusses the importance of dental care in preventing tooth decay and gum disease. It outlines the prevalence of common oral diseases like dental caries and periodontitis. The document also discusses risk factors for dental decay and describes the roles of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, proteins, and amylase in dental health and disease.
The document discusses the biochemical effects of diet and nutrition on oral health. It notes that good nutrition leads to good oral health, tooth development, bone strength, and prevention of oral diseases. It then discusses the importance of dental care in preventing tooth decay and gum disease. It outlines the prevalence of common oral diseases like dental caries and periodontitis. The document also discusses risk factors for dental decay and describes the roles of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, proteins, and amylase in dental health and disease.
Biochemical Effects on Oral Health Supervising Doctor
Dr. Ali Haitham
PREPARED BY Shams Saad Karim Zainab Ali Hussain Ahmed Omer Ghanim Mohammed Subhe Ali Ghaith Yasser Khudair Ali jwad Qassim Malak Maythem To illustrate the importance of dental care To discuss the prevalence of oral diseases To illustrate types of oral diseases To briefly determine the risk factors and symptoms in dental decay To illustrate steps of prevention To discuss the importance of calcium, phosphate, alp and proteins and its association in dental care Introduction
Diet and nutrition play a key role oral health. A bidirectional relationship exists between oral health and diet and nutrition. Diet and nutrition affect the health of the tissues in the mouth; and the health of the mouth affects nutrients consumed. So good nutrition will leads to
-good oral health
-Tooth development -Gingival and oral tissue integrity -Bone strength -Prevention and management of diseases of the oral cavity Why is Dental Care Important?
• Prevents tooth decay
• Prevents gum disease, which can damage gum tissue and the bones that support the teeth. This can lead to the loss of teeth • Prevents bad breath • Helps keep teeth white my preventing staining from food and drinks • Improves overall health Tooth Anatomy Prevalence of Oral Disease
Dental caries is the Periodontitis Disease
most common (Deep Gum Disease) chronic disease of affects almost 50% of childhood U.S. Adults
50,000 cases of oral
cancers are Tooth decay can be diagnosed annually in prevented! the U.S. Types of Oral Disease
Gingivitis – Inflamed gums: red, swollen and bleeding caused by plaque or
hormonal changes.
Periodontitis – Chronic gum disease that may lead to permanent bone loss and tooth mobility.
Substance use and abuse – Severe alcohol and drug usage can increase tooth decay, risk of certain oral cancers and permanent tooth loss.
Oral cancer - Early signs may include a sore, color change of oral tissue, pain or lump. Can occur with no risk factors, however often associated with tobacco use. Dental Decay
Dental Infection Risk Factors Symptoms
• Serious and life- • Frequent snacking • Swelling of the face or
threatening if not between meals in the mouth treated • Consuming high • Redness in or around • When the problem is amounts of sugary the mouth small seek treatment to foods and drinks • Pain in the mouth prevent infection • Medications that may • Bad taste or change in cause dry mouth the mouth Conditions linked with oral health
Floss at least 1x a day: Before bed or after meals
Choose Fluoride: Toothpaste, mouthwash, and systemic fluoride in tap water strengthens teeth
Eat healthy meals: Limit sugary foods and choose water for drinking
Maintain regular check-ups: See a dentist 2x a year. Don’t delay necessary treatment Calcium
Widely distributed in food substances : Milk, Milk
products, Egg yolk, beans, nuts, figs, cabbage Most abundant mineral in human body Average adult body contains 25,000 mmol, Total calcium content of ECF 22.5 mmol, (Plasma 9 mmol)About 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the bones. Functions Ca+2 plays a role in /as Formation of bone and teeth Formation of bone and teeth Muscle contraction Normal functioning of many enzymes (cofactors) Blood clotting Normal heart rhythm Intracellular secondary messenger Hypocalcemia When the levels of calcium in the body diminish, the body uses calcium from the teeth leading to tooth decay or tooth loss. One of the main diseases that comes out of a long-term calcium deficiency is osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis does not just affect bones. It can also
affect teeth, as it can cause the jaw bone to weaken. The jaw bone is the anchor for the teeth, so if it becomes damaged or weak; it is more likely that teeth will loosen and possibly fall out, resulting in tooth decay. Along with osteoporosis, a deficient level of calcium can increase risk of periodontal, or gum, disease. Hypercalcemia when there is too much calcium in the enamel. This can be caused by an infection during the time of tooth formation. Although calcium is important to build strong, healthy teeth and bones, also it builds and maintains the jawbone, helping to create a solid anchor for the teeth, but in hypercalcemia there are mild to severe oral symptoms that People with varying types of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia may experience: • Soft tissue calcifications • Tooth sensitivity when biting and chewing • malocclusion • Cavities • Slight jaw pain • supernumerary teeth Amylase
Amylase is a digestive enzyme predominantly secreted by the pancreas and
salivary glands and found in other tissues in very small levels Amylases' main function is to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds in starch molecules, converting complex carbohydrates to simple sugars. The enzyme amylase in saliva helps digest properly by breaking down starch, maltose, and dextrose into smaller molecules. here are three main classes of amylase enzymes; Alpha-, beta- and gamma- amylase, and each act on different parts of the carbohydrate molecule. Amylase in solution binds with high affinity to a selected group of oral streptococci, a function that may contribute to bacterial clearance and nutrition.
The fact that alpha-amylase is also found in acquired enamel pellicle suggests a role in the adhesion of alpha-amylase-binding bacteria. All of these biological activities seem to depend on an intact enzyme conformation.
Binding of alpha-amylase to bacteria and teeth may have important
implications for dental plaque and caries formation. alpha-Amylase bound to bacteria in plaque may facilitate dietary starch hydrolysis to provide additional glucose for metabolism by plaque microorganisms in close proximity to the tooth surface. The resulting lactic acid produced may be added to the pool of acid in plaque to contribute to tooth demineralization. If there’s not enough saliva being produced in the mouth, this condition is commonly called dry mouth which may lead to tooth decay, gum disease, bad breath and difficulty with swallowing and digesting food.
Too little saliva may be caused by health conditions such as Sjogren’s
syndrome, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and HIV/AIDS. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy may cause dry mouth. Poor nutrition and the use of certain drugs are thought to play a key role in dry mouth.
There are several treatments available to help with dry mouth such as drinking water frequently, chewing sugar-free gum, using mouth rinses and scheduling regular check-ups with your dentist. Alkaline phosphatase
Phosphatases are enzymes which catalyse the splitting of a phosphate from
mono-phosphoric esters. Alkaline phosphatase is present in all tissues throughout the entire body, but is particularly concentrated in liver, bile duct, kidney, bone, and the placenta. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a mixture of isoenzymes from liver, bone, intestine and placenta, has maximum enzyme activity at about pH 10.5.ALP is important in mineralization of bones Serum ALP measurements are of particular interest in the investigation of hepatobillary and bone diseases. Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.)plays an important role in the initial formation of mineralized tissues two alkaline phosphatases are important in the developing teeth (sodium metavandate, ortho-and pyrophosphate) high enzyme activity was noted in differentiating odontoblasts, stratum intermedium, and outer enamel epithelium prior to hard tissue function A lower activity was observed in the cells of the dental papilla and stellate reticulum
After the onset of hard tissue formation the alkaline phosphatase activity is generally increased Enzyme activity was also found in the proximal part of tall, secretory ameloblasts Enzyme activity is high in the short postsecretory amyoblasts At the onset of dentin mineralization there is an increase in enzyme activity in the cells of the subodontoblastic layer. This enzyme stimulates pulp tissue to form dentin matrix; hence, it is essential for repair mechanisms and healing after pulpal injury
ALP activity had been identified in dental pulp cell cultures :
growing pulp cells demonstrated low ALP activity its activity increased as cell proliferation increased. Bone diseases
Alakaline phospatase enzyme is helpful in diagnosis of bone problems
Rickets: Weaking of bones due to defiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. Osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency. Paget's disease: Disorder causing major problems with bone destruction and regrowth. Proteins Teeth are made from protein matrix that is mineralized with collagen (requiring vitamin C), calcium, and phosphorus (requiring vitamins D and A) Protein play role in good oral health Protein is required in the body to help build and repair damaged tissue specially oral tissues like animal proteins witch contains phosphorous, a mineral that absolutely vital in improving the strength of teeth and jaw, in fact when it’s combined healthy bones and teeth are the result
Diet and nutrition play a key role in
Tooth development Gingival and oral tissue integrity Bone strength Prevention and management of diseases of the oral cavity Protein-Calorie malnutrition
❖ High protein diets can give a negative impact on the oral health, protein promotes acid in the saliva in order that’s may cause tooth erosions Oral health, Diet, Nutritional status and General health are closely linked References
1. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: The impact of fluoride on health. Palmer CA, Gilbert JA; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Sep;112(9):1443-53 2. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Oral health and nutrition. Touger- Decker R, Mobley C; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 May;113(5):693-701 3. Diet, cardiovascular disease and oral health: promoting health and reducing risk. Touger- Decker R. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010 Feb;141(2):167-70. 4. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dentalhealth.html 5. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthylifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/dental/art- 20047475?pg=2 6. http://www.ada.org/en/public-programs/action-for-cental-health 7. http://www.webmd.com/oral-health 8. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijd/2020/8857534/ 9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/alkaline-phosphatase-bone-isoenzyme Thank you..
