QUARTER 2 – HYBRID MODULE 1

Faults and Earthquakes

Week 1

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This hybrid module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the hybrid module.

For the learner:

This hybrid module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be helped to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this hybrid module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the hybrid
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
hybrid module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this hybrid module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let’s Learn

Natural disasters do happen. Of these, the most feared are earthquakes

because they can strike anytime and anywhere without prior warning. The Luzon
earthquake that happened on July 16, 1990 caused massive destruction of buildings
and infrastructures. The 45-second earthquake also caused injuries and fatalities of
residents in Baguio City. About 90% of the world’s earthquakes happen along the so
called “Pacific Ring of Fire” the region bordering the Pacific Ocean that is a site of
active volcanism, earthquakes, and fault zones. Our country lies in the Pacific Ring
of Fire; thus, we are likely to experience earthquakes practically anytime.

Generally, this module will help you explain how movements along faults
generate earthquakes, using models or illustrations,
After going through this module, you are expected to:

❖ define fault and explain how it is formed.

❖ describe the three types of fault and relate the types of stress associated with
each type.
❖ describe the effects of bending of rocks along faults.
❖ Simulate how movements along faults generate earthquakes using models.

Let’s Try

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter before on each number.

1. Which of the following best described a fault?

A. It is the trace in the earth’s surface.
B. It is a spot directly above the focus on the surface of the earth.
C. It is a break or crack in the Earth’s crust causing a natural disaster called
earthquake.
D. It is a flat surface between two plates where fault slips and significant
movement occurs.
2. How are you going to relate fault movement with earthquakes?
A. Earthquake is an indication of fault movements.
B. Fault movement has nothing to do with earthquake.
C. Movement along fault always results to earthquakes.
D. None of these.
3. Please refer on the figure at the right side. Upon completion
of the model, it will eventually show ________________.
A. Focus only C. Epicenter only
B. Fault line only D. All of these

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 For numbers 4 and 5, please refer on the figures below.

1 2 3 4

4. From 1-4, which of the following correctly named the above types of faults as
numbered?

A. Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, Strike-Slip Fault and Reverse Fault.

B. Reverse Fault, Strike-slip Fault, Reverse Fault, and Normal Fault.
C. Strike-slip Fault, Normal Fault, Reverse Fault and Reverse Fault.
D. Reverse Fault, Reverse Fault, Strike-slip Fault and Normal Fault.

5. Which type of fault correctly paired caused stress that causes its (rock)
formation?

A. 2 and 4 – Compression C. 1 - Shearing

B. 3 – Tension D. All of these are correctly paired
6. Which is the correct arrangement of the events below that correctly described the
effect of the bending of rocks along the fault?
1. Rocks bend too much.
2. Rocks snap.
3. Rocks straighten out.
4. Frictional limit is reached.
5. Earthquakes occur.

A. 1,2,3,4,5 C. 2,3,1,4,5
B. 1,4,2,3,5 D. 1,3,2,4,5

7. Please refer on the figure above. Figures 1 and 2 shows the simulation of bending
of rocks along fault of an earthquake. Which of the following is the correct sequence
of the representation of figures 1 and 2 that happens in the actual life setting?
A. Illustration C, B, A B. Illustration A, B, C
C. Illustration A, C, B D. Illustration C, A, B
8.How movements along fault generate earthquake?
A. If the rocks along fault cannot overcome the energy coming from the
inner part of the earth, rocks will slip and earthquakes are generated.
B. If the frictional force that exist between rocks along fault reached its limit
or holding capacity, rocks/ ground will snap and eventually causes an
earthquake.
C. Earthquakes are generated as long as frictional force holds stuck the
rocks together.
D. A and B only
9.Why not all movement along faults produces earthquakes?
A. Earthquakes are not generated as long as frictional force keeps holding
on the rocks.

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 B. Earthquakes are not generated as long as rocks couldn’t able to overcome
the energy coming from the inner part of the earth.
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
10. This fault can cause an earthquake if two plates slide/pass and move slowly.
A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Strike-Slip Fault D. None of these
11. Which of the following correctly describes an active fault?
A. Faults that have NOT moved and not caused earthquakes in the past
B. It is represented by heavy dashed lines in the Map of the distribution of
Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines.
C. Both A and B statements are correct.
D. Neither A nor B

12 Metro Manila is preparing (through Earthquake drills) for the so-called “The Big
One”, a hilarious fault movement that could release up to 7.3 magnitudes. Taguig
is one of the cities affected by which active fault?

A. Iba Fault C. West Valley Fault

B. Digdig Fault D. Tubao Fault
13. Which of the following is referred to the energy released by an earthquake?
A. Seismicity
B. Magnitude
C. Intensity
D. Seismic waves

14. When the hanging wall of a fault slides straight down the fault plane, the fault
is called a ___
A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Strike-Slip Fault D. None of these

15. What happens when bending of rocks along fault becomes too much?
A. Frictional limit will not be reached.
B. Rocks will snap and straighten out.
C. No Shaking/Vibration of ground will occur
D. All of these

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/62BbfTdECWxTHiWm8
Write your score on the given circle.

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 Lesson
Earth and Space:
1 Faults and Earthquakes

Let’s Recall

The red line represents the WEST VALLEY FAULT. You will find
the different cities near on this line by doing the activity.

DIRECTIONS: Look at the following scrambled words. Rearranged the letters to form
the City that lies along the West Valley Fault. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. IUGATG ________________________
2. ADULGNONAM ________________________
3. KAITAM ________________________
4. UENOQZ ________________________
5. NUMITLUAP ________________________

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 Let’s Explore

Activity 1: Is it My Fault?

Materials Needed:
two sheets of cardboard (or folder)
fine sand / soil
ruler
newspaper (or plastic sheet) as wide as a newspaper page

Procedure:
1. Spread the newspaper on a table. Do the activity on the newspaper.

Arrange the two sheets

of cardboard edge to
edge (Figure 1).

Pour sand along the

boundary of the two
sheets (Figure 2).

With the ruler, flatten

Now, move the sheets
the top of the sand
slowly in the direction
and make two parallel
shown in Figure 3.
lines.

Questions:
Q1. As you move the sheets, what happened to the formation of sand?
Q2. What happens to the lines?
Q3. Based on your answer in Q2, how do you define a fault?
Q4. How does a fault line form?

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 Let’s Elaborate

FAULTS are large crustal features between two blocks of rock which move to
one another. It allows the blocks to move relative to each other.

Three Types of Faults

Normal Fault

It is a kind of fault created by “stress”

or tension in rock layers. This tension causes
rock layers to fall apart from each other. This
fault happens at divergent plate boundaries.

Reverse Fault
The reverse of normal fault. The stress
caused compression of rocks. Rocks are
pressed or squeezed from each other. This
fault happens at convergent pale boundaries.

Strike-Slip Fault
Too much bending of rocks occurs
until it reaches a limit and the rocks snapped.
This caused rocks to straighten out and
vibrate. The vibration travels in all directions.

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 HOW MOVEMENT ALONG A FAULT GENERATES AN EARTHQUAKE
It is natural that stress forms boundary while tectonic plates are moving,
deforming the rocks and thereby storing potential energy. When the rocks are
deformed beyond the limit, the rocks break, and stored potential energy is suddenly
released as an earthquake.
An earthquake is a vibration from the Earth due to the rapid release of
energy. The point beneath the earth’s surface where the rock breaks is referred to as
the focus or hypocenter of the earthquake. The earthquake vibrations or seismic
waves originate here and travel outward. the epicenter of the earthquake is above of
the focus.

Learn more this lesson online!

Click the given link below on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqqqSnaTfQo

Let’s Dig In

Activity 1. Is it my FAULT?
Materials Needed: fault model, scissors, glue or tape, coloring materials
Procedure:
1. Make a Fault Model (Figure 1;) Then cut along the outlines of the drawing.
2. Color the fault model according to the coloring key provided.

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Across the center
along the fault line
that is dotted cutting
that as well. Label
the left side as
block A and Right
side as block B.
Fold or turn the gray
part or tabs into
inside.

When you start

taping, you can tape
on either outside or
inside to make sure
the rock layers match
up and the tab is on
the inside.

Figure 1

Questions:
A. Let Block A slide halfway up the fault
Q1. What type of fault is it?

Q2. How did the movement affect the rock layers?

Q3. How did the movement affect the river?

Q4. What kind of stress is present in the activity?

Q5. What type of boundary is it?

B. Return Block A to its original position. Let block A and B slide with one
another.
Q1. What type of fault is it?

Q2. How did the movement affect the rock layers?

Q3. How did the movement affect the railroad?

Q4. What kind of stress present in this activity?

Q5. What type of boundary is it?

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Figure 1
Template

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 Let’s Apply

Activity Stick ‘n’ Shake

Materials Needed:
two plastic rulers, a bit of clay
Procedure:
(Figure 2.)
1.Using the clay, attach the rulers’ ends together (how long is the overlap between
rulers?) (Figure 2 shows close-up photos of side and top views of the set up).
2.Hold the rulers as shown in the picture below. Then slowly move your hands in
the direction of the arrows.
Q1. What happens when bending becomes too much?
Q2. How might rocks react to pressure
Directions: Describe the picture based on what you have learned. about faults.
Write at least 2 sentences on the space provided.

Let’s Remember

____________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Let’s Evaluate

Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following best described a fault?
A. It is the trace in the earth’s surface.
B. It is a spot directly above the focus on the surface of the earth.
C. It is a break or crack in the Earth’s crust causing a natural disaster called
earthquake.
D. It is a flat surface between two plates where fault slips and significant
movement occurs.
2. How are you going to relate fault movement with earthquakes?
A. Earthquake is an indication of fault movements.

13
 B. Fault movement has nothing to do with earthquake.
C. Movement along fault always results to earthquakes.
D. None of these.
3. Please refer on the figure at the right side. Upon completion
of the model, it will eventually show _________________.
A. Focus only C. Epicenter only
B. Fault line only D. All of these

For numbers 4 and 5, please refer on the figures below.

1 2 3 4

4. From 1-4, which of the following correctly named the above types of fault as
numbered?

A. Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, Strike-Slip Fault and Reverse Fault.

B. Reverse Fault, Strike-slip Fault, Reverse Fault, and Normal Fault.
C. Strike-slip Fault, Normal Fault, Reverse Fault and Reverse Fault.
D. Reverse Fault, Reverse Fault, Strike-slip Fault and Normal Fault.

5. Which type of fault correctly paired caused stress to its rock formation?

A. 2 and 4 – Compression C. 1 - Shearing

B. 3 – Tension D. All of these are correctly paired

6. Which is the correct arrangement of the events below that correctly described the
effect of bending of rocks along the fault?
1.Rocks bend too much.
2. Rocks snap.
3.Rocks straighten out.
4.Frictional limit is reached.
5.Earthquakes occur.

A. 1,2,3,4,5 C. 2,3,1,4,5
B. 1,4,2,3,5 D. 1,3,2,4,5
7. Please refer on the figure above. Figures 1 and 2 shows the simulation of bending
of rocks along fault which will eventually results to an earthquake.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the representation of figures 1
and 2 that happens in the actual life setting?
A. Illustration C, B, A C. Illustration A, B, C
B. Illustration A, C, B D. Illustration C, A, B
8. How movements along fault generate earthquake?
A. If the rocks along fault cannot overcome the energy coming from the
inner part of the earth, rocks will slip and earthquakes are generated.
B. If the frictional force that exist between rocks along fault reached its limit
or holding capacity, rocks/ ground will snap and eventually causes an
earthquake.

14
 C. Earthquakes are generated as long as frictional force holds stuck the
rocks together.
D. A and B only
9. Why not all movement along faults produces earthquakes?
A. Earthquakes are not generated as long as frictional force keeps holding on
the rocks.
B. Earthquakes are not generated as long as rocks couldn’t able to overcome
the energy coming from the inner part of the earth.
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
10. This fault can cause an earthquake if two plates slide/pass and move slowly.
A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Strike-Slip Fault D. None of these
11. Which of the following correctly describes an active fault?
A. Faults that have NOT moved and not caused earthquakes in the past
B. It is represented by heavy dashed lines in the Map of the distribution of
Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines.
C. Both A and B statements are correct.
D. Neither A nor B
12. Metro Manila is preparing (through Earthquake drills) for the so-called “The Big
One”, a hilarious fault movement that could release up to 7.3 magnitudes.
Taguig is one of the cities affected by which active fault?
A. Iba Fault C. Digdig Fault
B. West Valley Fault D. Tubao Fault

13. Which of the following is referred to the energy released during an earthquake?
A. Seismicity
B. Magnitude
C. Intensity
D. Seismic Waves
14. When the hanging wall of a fault slides straight down the fault plane, the fault
is called a ________.
A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault C. Strike-Slip Fault D. None of these

15. What happens when bending of rocks along fault becomes too much?
A. Frictional limit will not be reached. C. No Vibration of ground will
occur
B. Rocks will snap and straighten out. D. All of these

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/zVxBJCnCVtvPUpYs9
You will see the score after completing the test.
Write your score on the given circle.

Let’s Extend
A. Enumerate precautionary measures for people who live near the
faultline?

15
References
VIBAL; Science and Technology Worktext for Grade 8, K to !2
Exploring the Realms of Science 8 K to 12 ; JO-ES Publishing House Inc.
DepEd; Learners Module
DepEd; Teachers Guide
https://bit.ly/302D73S https://bit.ly/2WjjrI0 https://bit.ly/2WhhJqC
https://bit.ly/3j3XE0U https://bit.ly/3j0QNoX https://bit.ly/2DE9QFf
https://bit.ly/3j2AKag https://bit.ly/2DHUsrz https://bit.ly/2CahbvY
https://bit.ly/3gXMCIx https://bit.ly/3j4aPPe https://bit.ly/2C17gsI
VIBAL: Science and Technology Worktext for Grade 8, K to 1
DepEd - Learners Module 8
DepEd - Teachers Guide 8
www.slideshare.net/gamma123/earthquake-

Development Team of the Module

Writers: RACHEL ANN R. URETA – T1 (PIS)

MYRA V. BABAGAY – T1 (PIS)
Content Evaluator: Eunice V. Correa, Master Teacher I – UBNHS
Layout Artist: ALIGN LAURENCE P. MARAVILLAS –Teacher II- GRPMHS-MAIN
HYBRID MODULE TEAM:
DR. MELEDA POLITA – SDS (Ret.)
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)
Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - Schools Division Superintendent
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO - Education Program Supervisor- Science

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Telefax: 8384251
Email Address: [email protected]

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