Introduction To Statistics

STATISTICS
 Introduction To Statistics :-
Statistics are treated as branch of mathematics dealing with Collection , Pres -entation,
Interpretation & Analysis of data in the past the rule of statistics was limited for collection
and interpretation later statistics were development to analysis data.
It is considered that the word statistics seems to derived Italian word ‘ STATISTA ’.
 Definition of statistics (Webster’s) :-
Classified facts representing condition of people in a state specially those facts can be
started in Table, Tabular or classified arrangement.
 A. L. Bowley :-
Statistics is numerical statement of facts in any development of queries placed in relation

to each other.
The above definition takes into account all functions of statistics it covers four aspects that
is Collection, Interpretation ,Presentation and analysis of data.
 Importance (Advantages) of statistics :-
 Statistics helps in presenting large quantity of data in simple and classified form.
 It facilate several function from summarization .
 It gives the method of comparison of data.
 It helps Planning, Controlling or Decision making.
 Inter relation between two or more variable can be measured using statistical
tools.
 Estimation, Prediction is also possible using statistical technique.
 It is important because considerable amount of Time, Money, Man power can be
saved.
 It is useful in a number of fields like Railway, Banks, Army, etc.
 Limitation (Disadvantages) of statistics :-
 Statistics laws are held to be true on the average.

 Statistical data always treated as approximation .
 Statistics does not take individual cases.
 Statistics can not applied to facts that can not be measured quantitatively like
Health, Culture, Poverty, etc.
 Statistical result are depends upon sample.
 The greatest limitations of statistics is that only one who expert knowledge of
statistical method can efficiently handle statistical data.
 Statistical result lead to facilate conclusion.
 Scope of Statistics :-
The use of statistics in dispensable in the Agriculture, Business ,Economics, Education,

Government Agencies, Medical Science, etc. We discuss brefly the scope of statistics in
some below stated fields.
 Computer Science :-
i. Statistical computing is the bond between statistics and computer science .
ii. Development of computer technology have enable statistics to integrate their
models into information system and thus statistics make a part of decision making
procedure of many organisation.
iii. The integration of statistics and computer science has become increasingly vital in
the current technology that is (Data Science, Machine Learning, Artificial
Intelligence).
iv. Statistical software packages like MINITAB, MATHLAB, SAS, SPSS, R, etc. Are used
for data analysis.
v. The use of statistical software packages to get data summarized in appropriate
way.
vi. Wide use of statistical techniques for solving complex problem faced by business
and government.
vii. Statistics is an important tool for computer scientist working on a wide range of
problems it allows them to make information for decision based on data & to
extract useful insights from large data set.
viii. Computer is an assembly of several components the life of each components is a
variable having some probability distribution can be determine using statistical
methods.
 Industry :-
i. Industry professionals use statistical models for quality control & quality assurance
in manufacture goods.
ii. Statistics is used quantity the extend of variation in customers needs & wants the
scope of statistics to extend to the field of industry.
iii. Statistical quality control (SQC) is branch of statistics that deals with quality
control of manufacture goods.
iv. With the help of probability theory & sampling techniques, controls charts and
inspection plans are formulated.
v. Industry makes use of quality at several places such as Administration, Planning,
Production, Growth & Development.
vi. Manufacture goods poses a desirable standard or not are examined using various
control charts this type of inspection is done at done at the time production.
 Economics :-
i. The economics statistics is indispensable.

ii. Various economics problem are solved by statistical analysis and data.
iii. It helps in solving problems of production Consumption, Poverty, Income and
Unemployment.
iv. Statistics described & co-related this problems.
v. In economics decision making from collected data would be quite difficult without
using statistics.
vi. Statistics is used in economics to analyze data related GDP(Gross Domestic
Product).
vii. Economist use statistics method such as regression analysis and time series
analysis to identify trend & make predictions.
viii. Economist are also developed using statistical techniques to analyze the impact of
economic policies.
 Collection of data :-
i. The first state in any enquiry in the collection of data.

ii. The data may be collected for the whole population or for a sample only.
iii. It is mostly collected on a sample basic.
iv. The information collected through sensory & survey called as data.
# There are two types of data
A. Primary Data
B. Secondary Data
1) Primary Data :-
i. Primary data are the first hand information which is collected & published by
organization for some purpose.
ii. Primary data are the most original data in character & not undergone in sort
statistical treatment.
iii. Ex:- Population sensors report.
iv. Method of collecting primary data are
 Personal Investigation
 Through Investigation
 Collection through questionnaire
 Through the telephone / phone
2) Secondary Data :-
i. The secondary data are the second hand information which is already collected by
an organization for some purpose & are available for the present study.
ii. Secondary data are not pure in character & undergone some treatment atleast
one.
iii. Methods of collecting secondary data are
 Official
 Semi official
 Publication
 Research paper
 Assignment Questions :-
Q.1 Explain / Define statistics

Q.2 Write importance of statistics
Q.3 Write limitations of statistics
Q.4 Explain / Describe scope of statistics in Computer Science
Q.5 Explain / Describe scope of statistics in Industry
Q.6 Explain / Describe scope of statistics in Economics
Q.7 Explain Data

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STATISTICS

 Definition of statistics (Webster’s) :-

Statistics is numerical statement of facts in any development of queries placed in relation

 Importance (Advantages) of statistics :-

 Limitation (Disadvantages) of statistics :-

 Statistics laws are held to be true on the average.

The use of statistics in dispensable in the Agriculture, Business ,Economics, Education,

i. The economics statistics is indispensable.

i. The first state in any enquiry in the collection of data.

# There are two types of data

Q.1 Explain / Define statistics

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