Mat Ii Bloq B15

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COLEGIO STO TOMÁS DE VILLANIUEVA

MATEMÁTICAS II
PRIMITIVAS: MÉTODO DE SUSTITUCIÓN (cambio de variable)
(TEMA 3.1: apartado 6 – 7)

∫ 𝒇′ (𝒈(𝒙)) ∙ 𝒈′ (𝒙) ∙ 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑭(𝒈(𝒙)) + 𝑪


𝟏. 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒐 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐
𝒎(𝒕) = 𝒏(𝒙) → 𝒎′(𝒕) ∙ 𝒅𝒕 = 𝒏′(𝒙) ∙ 𝒅𝒙
2
∫ 5𝑥 ∙ √2𝑥 2 + 1 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑡 = 2𝑥 + 1 ] =
3

1 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = 4𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝟐. 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒋𝒂𝒓 𝒕 (𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒋𝒂𝒅𝒂) 𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐
3
2 √2𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑡 1/3 𝑑𝑡
3
√ 2
∫ 5𝑥 ∙ 2𝑥 + 1 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = [ 𝑡 = 2𝑥 + 1 ]=[ 1/3
𝑑𝑡 ] = ∫ 𝑡 ∙5∙ =
𝑑𝑡 = 4𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 5𝑥 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = 5 ∙ 4
4
𝟑. 𝑯𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒚 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐
𝑑𝑡 5 5 𝑡 4/3 15 3 4 15 3
∫ 𝑡 1/3 ∙ 5 ∙ = ∙ ∫ 𝑡 1/3 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = ∙ = ∙ √𝑡 = ∙ √(2𝑥 2 + 1)4 + 𝐶
4 4 4 4/3 16 16

𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑶: 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒎é𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆


𝒕 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏)
∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐 (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) ∙ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) ∙ 𝒅𝒙 = [ ]
MATEMÁTICAS II – ANÁLISIS (B15)

𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (3𝑥 − 1) = 𝑡 2
𝟐( 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥 − 1)
∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) ∙ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) ∙ 𝒅𝒙 = [ ]=[ 𝑑𝑡]
𝑑𝑡 = cos (3𝑥 − 1) ∙ 3 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝑥 − 1) ∙ 𝑑𝑥 =
3
𝟑
𝒅𝒕 𝟏 𝒕 𝟏
= ∫ 𝒕𝟐 = ∙ = 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟑 (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) + 𝑪
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟗

𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑶: 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒎é𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆


𝟏 𝟐
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = [𝒕 = 𝒙 − 𝟏]
𝒙 ∙ √𝒙 − 𝟏

𝟏 2 𝑡2 = 𝑥 − 1 → 𝑡 = √𝑥 − 1 2𝑡 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = [ 𝑡 = 𝑥 − 1 ] = [ 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 1 ]=∫ 2 ==2∙∫ 2
𝒙 ∙ √𝒙 − 𝟏 2𝑡 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑡 + 1) ∙ 𝑡 𝑡 +1
2𝑡 ∙ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑡 ∙ 𝑑𝑡
= 𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒈(𝒕) = 𝟐 ∙ 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒈√𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝑪

CAMBIOS DE VARIABLE CLÁSICOS


𝑰𝑴𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑻𝑬: 𝑪𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
−𝑭 ( √𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃, 𝒙) → 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 = 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎ú𝒏 í𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒆
√𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏
∫𝟑 𝒅𝒙 → 𝒕𝟔 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏
√𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟏

−𝑭(𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒏 𝒙, 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒎 𝒙) → 𝒔𝒊 𝒖𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒓á 𝒍𝒂 𝒐𝒕𝒓𝒂.


−𝑭(𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒏 𝒙, 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒎 𝒙) → 𝒔𝒊 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒕 = 𝒕𝒈𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟒 𝒙
∫ 𝒅𝒙 → 𝒕 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 ∫ 𝒅𝒙 → 𝒕 = 𝒕𝒈𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝒙

1
COLEGIO STO TOMÁS DE VILLANIUEVA
MATEMÁTICAS II
𝑴𝑼𝒀 𝑰𝑴𝑷𝑶𝑹𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑻𝑬 𝑷𝑨𝑹𝑨 𝑳𝑨 𝑷𝑨𝑼: 𝑻𝒐𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒎é𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒔
𝒙
𝒕 = 𝒕𝒈
𝟐
𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 ∙ 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒕 = (𝟏 + 𝒕𝒈𝟐 ) ∙ 𝒅𝒙 → 𝒅𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐

Necesitarás las senx y cosx en función de “t”… siempre podrás memorizarlas pero de todas formas aquí
tienes como conseguirlas
𝑥 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑡𝑔 =√ →𝑡=√ → 𝑡2 = → (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ) ∙ 𝑡 2 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 ∙ 𝑡 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 − 𝑡 2 → (𝑡 2 + 1) ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 − 𝑡 2 → (𝑡 2 + 1) → [𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = ]
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐
2
1 − 𝑡2 1 + 2𝑡 2 + 𝑡 4 − 1 + 2𝑡 2 − 𝑡 4 4𝑡 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = √1 − ( ) = √ = √
1 + 𝑡2 (1 + 𝑡 2 ) 2 (1 + 𝑡 2 ) 2
𝟐𝒕
[𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 = ]
𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐

𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑶: 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒎é𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆


MATEMÁTICAS II – ANÁLISIS (B15)

𝒙
𝟏 𝒕 = 𝒕𝒈
∫ 𝒅𝒙 = [ 𝟐]
𝟏 − 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
𝑥 2𝑡 2𝑑𝑡
1 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑔 → 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 = 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = [ 2 1 + 𝑡 ]=∫ 1 + 𝑡2 =
1 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑥 𝑥 1 2𝑑𝑡 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡 = (1 + 𝑡𝑔2 ) ∙ ∙ 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑥 = 1−
2 2 1+𝑡 2 1 + 𝑡2
−𝟏
2 −2
(𝒕 − 𝟏) −𝟐 −𝟐
=∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 2(𝑡 − 1) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝟐 = = +𝑪
(𝑡 − 1)2 −𝟏 𝒕 − 𝟏 𝒕𝒈 𝒙 − 𝟏
𝟐

_PARA PRACTICAR Y EVALUAR LO APRENDIDO_

Repasa el tema en libro T3.1: apartado 6 – 7


Practica los ejercicios del tema 3.1: 38, 39, 40, 41 (sólo a), 42 (sólo a y c)

𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑶: 𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒔:

𝒕 = 𝐜𝐨 𝐬(𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)
∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) ∙ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 (𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏) ∙ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = [ ]
𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 𝒕 = 𝒕𝒈
∫ 𝒅𝒙 [ 𝟐]
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝟏

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