SARS-CoV-2 and INFLUENZA:

A COMPREHENSIVE CONCEPT MAP

Submitted by: Group 1

Increased CO
Arrythmogenic
strain on
state
myocardium

Decreased
Dyspnea blood O2 Given IV
saturation

Causing a pandemic
Peramivir
Example: Type A
Bilateral ground-glass (Rapivab)
Fluid accumulates H1N1 influenza (swine
opacities and Myocardial cell Increased flu) emerged in 2009
in interstitial and
interstitial infiltrates damage troponin and had never been
alveoli When a new viral strain
on CXR seen in humans
reaches humans, people do
3 antiviral before, a worldwide
Administered Zanamivir Oseltamivir Available as an not have immunity, and the
medications are pandemic resulted
using an inhaler (Relenza) (Tamiflu) oral capsule virus can spread quickly
used: Pandemics can also
around the globe
Increased occur by the
skeletal muscle Myalgia reemergence of a viral
The virus mutates
Alveolar/capillary damage strain that has not
Live attenuated to allow it to infect
damage circulated for many
To treat influenza different species
years
Unless the px with influenza vaccine (LSIV)
influenza is at high risk Epidemics are more
for complications localized outbreaks,
Cell death; develop, only supportive usually occurring yearly,
Triggers Hypothalamus
increased in therapy is necessary Primary goal in caused by variants of
immune releases Fever
Cough Airway irritation inflammatory Rest, hydration, influenza are relief of Influenza Influenza is subtyped already circulating strains
response prostaglandins Treatment and
cytokines analgesics, and symptoms and immunization based on the presence of
Management two surface proteins:
antipyretics can provide prevention of (prevention)
symptom relief secondary infection Hemagglutinin (H) and
Older adults and those Neuraminidase (N)
Rapid viral
with a chronic illness The H antigens enable the
reproduction in
may require Trivalent Influenza A virus to enter the cell
tissue cells The N antigens facilitate
Recipient touching Primary influenza (viral hospitalizations inactivated
influenza vaccine cell-to-cell transmission
famine subsequently pneumonia)
Fomites Pneumonia As a result, influenza A
touches any of their Secondary bacterial (TIV)
viruses are named
mucus membranes pneumonia
according to their H and N
type
Treatment and Management:

Supportive care
O2 therapy Influenza viruses are
Droplet contacts the Common
Antiviral medications Infected individuals coughing, Signs and Etiology and classified into 3 serogroups:
eyes, nose, or the complications of INFLUENZA Influenza A is the most Birds (Avian flu)
Anti-inflammatory sneezing, or talking symptoms pathology A, B, C (only A and B cause
SARS-CoV-2 Viral entry mouth of the recipient influenza include: common and most virulent More than 100 types Pigs (Swine flu)
medications significant illness to humans) flu virus and can infect a of influenza A are Horses
Anti-coagulant variety of animals as well found in: Seals
medications as humans Dogs
Vaccines
Chills
Face masks
Social distance Fever
Isolation Generalized myalgia
Systemic
Headache
symptoms Outbreaks of Influenza B can also cause regional
Inhalation of Small droplets are Fatigue Influenza B and C
aerosolized aerosolized; Cough epidemics, but the disease it produces is generally milder
are not divided into
particles becomes airborne Sore throats Influenza B and C than that caused by influenza A
subtypes and only
Influenza C causes mild illness and does not cause
Virus spreads in affect humans
epidemics or pandemics
the body
Testing: Diagnostics
RT-PCR
COVID-19 Take up to 3 to
Antigen tests
Swab tests 10 days for
Increased ACE-2 result

Throat swab
Deficient fluid volume r/t inadequate
Nasopharyngeal
fluid intake
swab
Virus adheres to "Gold standard test" Viral cultures Expectorated
sputum
ACE-2
Ineffective self-health management r/t ET tube sample
Severe symptoms: lack of knowledge regarding preventive Bronchoscopy
immunizations
Respiratory failure
Septic shock Identify which virus
Multiple organ dysfunction Virus releases
and strains virus are
viral RNA Ineffective thermoregulation r/t
Diagnosis Studies/Tests present (A, B)
infectious process

Viral RNA
Acute pain r/t inflammatory changes in
synthesize new Influenza is commonly diagnosed based on
joint
viral RNA the patient's health history, clinical findings,
and the knowledge in the community.
Rapid flu test
Moderate symptoms: Readiness for enhanced knowledge:
about information to prevent or treat
Worsening dyspnea New virus kills the influenza
Increased RR cell and giving to Mild symptoms
Decreased O2 saturation disease symptoms
Bilateral infiltrates on CXR Test may be completed in less than 30
minutes
Results are available the same day
Test can help differentiate influenza from
other viral and bacterial infections with
similar manifestations that may be
serious and must be treated differently
Best used within the first 48 hours of
onset of symptoms
SARS-CoV-2