‎Pneumonia due to Animal or environmental Exposure

‎Legionellosis; Legionnaires’ Disease ‎Tularemia (Granulomatous Infection) ‎Plague ‎Inhalation Anthrax: Wool Sorter’s Disease
‎MF ‎Psittacosis
‎6‫ب‬
‎Causative ‎Transmission ‎Pathogenesis ‎Clinical Manifestations of legionellosis ‎Complications ‎Laboratory Diagnosis: ‎Treatment ‎Causative ‎Transmission ‎Clinical presentation ‎Treatment ‎Causative ‎Transmission: ‎Clinical Presentation: ‎Diagnosis ‎Treatment of Plague: ‎Causative Bacteria ‎Transmission ‎Clinical Presentation & Pathogenesis & ‎Treatment
‎bacteria ‎bacteria ‎bacteria

‎Causative agent ‎Transmission ‎Clinical Features ‎Diagnosis ‎Treatment

‎Environment •‎ Infection of resident alveolar macrophage, ‎• Pneumonic form; Legionnaires' disease: ‎Non-pneumonic form; Pontiac fever -‎ Respiratory failure, shock and acute ‎Specimens 1‎ • Gram stain: Gram-negative coccobacilli. 1‎ - Macrolides: Azithromycin ‎Zoonotic ‎ . Ulceroglandular tularemia:
A 1‎ - In severe cases: Aminoglycosides: ‎zoonotic ‎ ubonic plague: Swollen tender regional lymph node (bubo):
B •‎ Specimen: bubo aspirate, blood, sputum. I‎ ntravenous aminoglycosides ‎Bacillus anthracis; ‎Inhalation of spores. ‎Spores in the alveoli are engulfed by ‎IV penicillin+ tetracycline+ antitoxin
‎Legionella pneumophila ‎• Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion ‎kidney & multi-organ failure. ‎2• Culture on Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar ‎ - Fluoroquinolones: Levofloxacin.
2 ‎Francisella tularensis ‎ulcer + lymphadenitis. ‎e.g. Gentamicin. ‎Yersinia pestis ‎lymphadenitis hemorrhagic necrosis ‎• Microscopy: Gram’s negative coccobacillus. ‎as soon as suspected. ‎alveolar macrophage
‎facultative intracellular parasites ‎• Resist neutrophil killing ‎-Death rate: 10-25% ‎(BCYE) supplemented by antibiotics. ‎Vaccine is not available. ‎• Culture: on blood and MacConkey agar.
‎Chlamydophila psittaci ‎zoonotic ‎• Recent history of bird exposure. ‎ ulture: tissue culture.
C ‎Tetracycline or macrolides.
I‎ nhalation of aerosols from 1‎ -high grade fever 2-chills f‎ ever,, and headache, myalgia without any ‎Sputum ‎bronchoalveolar ‎3• Immunofluorescent microscopy for antigen detection f‎ rom squirrels, rabbits,…by: •‎ Flea bite: from rodents: squirrels, rats, mice, rabbits ‎• Rapid antigen detection test. ‎ ram’s positive
G ‎- No human-to-human transmission.
‎Serology: detection of specific antibodies.
‎contaminated water produced by ‎3-Cough scanty purulent sputum maybe bloody ‎respiratory complaints. ‎lavage ‎4• Urine antigen test. f‎ acultative intracellular Gram’s ‎–Arthropod bite: ticks, mosquitoes, deer flies ‎B. Pneumonic tularemia. ‎ - in mild cases: Ciprofloxacin and
2 ‎ ram negative
G ‎• Direct skin penetration from animal. ‎Septicemic plague: DIC, Purpura and ecchymosis: Black death ‎aerobic spore-forming bacilli t‎ ransferred to mediastinal and
‎showers, humidifiers, AC air condition ‎ Macrophage death→ inflammation→
→ ‎4-chest pain 5-diarrhea ‎5• PCR ‎negative coccobacilli, ‎–Skin penetration; during handling infected animal tissues. ‎doxycycline. ‎coccobacilli ‎• Inhalation: from infected animals and humans ‎peribronchial lymph nodes
I‎ nhalation of droplet nuclei from dried ‎Can be asymptomatic
‎Alveolitis + and micro-abscess formation. ‎–Inhalation of contaminated dust. ‎ iemsa for blood smear:
G
‎feces, urine, & respiratory secretions of
‎Usually, self-limiting ‎–Drinking of contaminated water. ‎C. Oropharyngeal tularemia. ‎Pneumonic plague:Mortality rate: Untreated: 90-100%. Treated: 50%. ‎bipolar-stained bacilli
‎pleomorphic ‎infected birds esp. parrots
-‎ Can be acquired from the community or hospitals. ‎ ‎-Vaccine not present. ‎safety pin appearance ‎germination
‎mild or severe: fever
‎- Live and grow at temperatures of 20-50 C
‎- Most of the patients are > 50 years old
‎- Rare person-to-person transmission.
‎- No human-to-human transmission. ‎toxin production
‎headache
‎- No human-to-human transmission.
‎hemorrhagic mediastinal Lymphadenitis
‎dry cough.

‎preads to the blood (septicemic anthrax, anthrax meningitis).

‎Mortality rate: 100% if not treated.