INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 17655

First edition
2003-03-01

Destructive tests on welds in metallic

materials — Method for taking samples for
delta ferrite measurement
Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques — Méthode
d'échantillonnage pour la mesure de la ferrite delta

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Reference number
ISO 17655:2003(E)

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ISO 17655:2003(E)

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 17655 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds, in
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accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

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Throughout the text of this document, read "...this European Standard..." to mean "...this International Standard...".

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Contents

page
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... v
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... vi
1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Symbols and descriptions ........................................................................................................................... 2
5 General ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
6 Principle ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
7 Designation.................................................................................................................................................... 2
8 Procedure....................................................................................................................................................... 2
8.1 Location of measurement surface............................................................................................................... 2
8.2 Preparation of measurement surface ......................................................................................................... 3
8.3 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Instruments.................................................................................................................................................... 3
8.4 Calibration...................................................................................................................................................... 3
8.5 (standards.iteh.ai)
Procedure....................................................................................................................................................... 3
9 Test report......................................................................................................................................................
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Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
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 ISO 17655:2003(E)

Foreword

This document (EN ISO 17655:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, "Welding", the
secretariat of which is held by DS, in collaboration with ISO/TC 44 "Welding and allied processes".

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by September 2003.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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Introduction
By way of departure from this European Standard, EN ISO 8249 describes methods of manufacturing of primary
and secondary standards for calibration of ferrite testing instruments and gives information for determining the
ferrite content of all-weld metal under specified and reproducible conditions.

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1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the determination of the delta ferrite content of welds, of surfacings with
austenitic weld metal, welding being carried out on welding procedure tests and production coupon test plates
using any fusion welding process that is suitable for austenitic materials, with or without filler metal including welds
made on components.

It is intended that the ferrite number be used exclusively for stating the delta ferrite content of austenitic weld metal
as determined by the method described here.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 1597-1, Welding consumables  Test methods  Part 1: Test piece for all-weld metal test specimens in steel,
nickel and nickel alloys.

EN ISO 8249:2000, Welding - Determination of Ferrite Number (FN) in austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic Cr-Ni
stainless steel weld metals (ISO 8249:2000).
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3 Terms and definitions (standards.iteh.ai)
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
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3.1
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filler metal that has solidified after welding and has not mixed with the parent metal

3.2
weld metal
metal composed of parent metal and/or filler metal or a metal deposited during surfacing

3.3
delta ferrite
body centred modification of iron formed at high temperatures stable at ambient temperature

3.4
primary weld metal standards
samples of carbon steel parent metal covered with non-magnetic layers of different thickness

[EN ISO 8249:2000]

3.5
secondary weld metal standards
calibrated with primary weld metal standards

3.6
ferrite number
measure of the force required to detach a permanent magnet from an austenitic weld metal sample ("tear-off force",
for short)

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ISO 17655:2003(E)

3.7
ferrite percent
percentage of delta ferrite in an austenitic material

4 Symbols and descriptions

Table 1  Symbols and descriptions

Symbol Description Unit

FN Ferrite number No.

FP Ferrite percent %

δ-ferrite Delta ferrite No. or %

5 General
Austenitic weld metal may, as a function of its chemical composition and of the cooling conditions during the
welding process, contain a δ-ferrite phase. A certain amount of δ-ferrite may be desirable to increase the resistance
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of the austenitic weld metal to hot cracking; however, it also reduces corrosion resistance and promotes the
formation of a brittle sigma phase at elevated operating temperatures. Knowledge of the δ-ferrite content is thus
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necessary to allow the weld metal properties to be predicted.

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6 Principle 7bc42802ad52/iso-17655-2003
Physical methods of measurement are based on the fact that δ-ferrite is magnetic, whereas austenite, carbides,
sigma phase and inclusions are nonmagnetic.

The term „ferrite number“ (FN) is used to designate the δ-ferrite content. In the past, the ferrite number was
determined arbitrarily by measuring the attractive force between a permanent magnet of defined strength and size
and steel samples with electroplated non-magnetic coatings of different thickness.

Thus, except for low levels of δ-ferrite content (below 10 %), the ferrite number is not necessarily identical with the
percentage ferrite content of the weld metal.

7 Designation
The value of ferrite number (FN), as determined in accordance with this standard, shall be designated and reported
on the test certificate as follows, which relates to a measured value of 8:

Measurement: 8 FN

8 Procedure

8.1 Location of measurement surface

In the case of all-weld metal, the measurement surface shall be located as described in EN 1597-1. For welds, the
measurements shall be taken at the centre of the weld, taking into account the characteristics of the instrument
when measuring small welds or thin surfacings consisting of austenitic materials.

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8.2 Preparation of measurement surface

The measurement surface shall be bright and smooth and sufficiently flat so as to ensure adequate coupling of the
test magnet or test probe. To this effect, the top run shall be smooth, e.g. by grinding and/or filing, in the direction of
the weld bead. No unacceptable microstructure changes (e.g. formation of deformation martensite) or temper
colours shall be formed during grinding.
The length of the measurement surface shall be 40 mm, with a minimum width of 5 mm. The measurement surface
shall not exhibit any weld bead starts and end craters and shall be free from foreign matter, such as lubricants, dirt
or magnetic particles.

8.3 Instruments

Suitable instrument shall be used to determine the ferrite number, taking into account their range of application as
specified by the manufacturer.

8.4 Calibration

Prior to use, the instruments shall be calibrated with the aid of secondary weld metal standards according to
EN ISO 8249. The secondary weld metal standard and the specified measuring range shall be selected to suit the
ferrite number to be determined.

8.5 Procedure

Since δ-ferrite is not uniformly distributed in the material, the result obtained for one and the same weld metal may
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vary from measuring point to measuring point. Thus, measurement shall be carried out at six points equally spaced
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along the centre line of the measurement surface (see Figure 1).
The ferrite number is the arithmetical average value from 6 single measurements, rounded to the next whole
number. Testing shall be carried out at ambient temperature.
ISO 17655:2003 The gauging surface shall not be exposed to impacts
or vibrations during measuring.
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Dimensions in millimetres

Key

Lp = length of test surface

Lm = length of measurement surface

Figure 1  Measurement surface with measuring points

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