Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 33 views

    Chapter 4 Deontology Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Shermaigne Ananayo Buya
    Kantian ethics, also known as deontology, judges the morality of actions based on adherence to rational principles of duty, rather than the consequences of the actions. As rational agents, humans have a capacity for reason and free will that allows them to deliberate on and freely choose their actions according to principles of duty. For Kant, an action has moral worth only if it is done out of duty as established by pure reason, from the motive of good will, rather than any external or natural influences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 4 Deontology Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Shermaigne Ananayo Buya
    33 views20 pages
    Kantian ethics, also known as deontology, judges the morality of actions based on adherence to rational principles of duty, rather than the consequences of the actions. As rational agents, humans have a capacity for reason and free will that allows them to deliberate on and freely choose their actions according to principles of duty. For Kant, an action has moral worth only if it is done out of duty as established by pure reason, from the motive of good will, rather than any external or natural influences.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Kantian ethics, also known as deontology, judges the morality of actions based on adherence to rational principles of duty, rather than the consequences of the actions. As rational agents, humans have a capacity for reason and free will that allows them to deliberate on and freely choose their actions according to principles of duty. For Kant, an action has moral worth only if it is done out of duty as established by pure reason, from the motive of good will, rather than any external or natural influences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views20 pages

    Chapter 4 Deontology Part 1

    Uploaded by

    Shermaigne Ananayo Buya
    Kantian ethics, also known as deontology, judges the morality of actions based on adherence to rational principles of duty, rather than the consequences of the actions. As rational agents, humans have a capacity for reason and free will that allows them to deliberate on and freely choose their actions according to principles of duty. For Kant, an action has moral worth only if it is done out of duty as established by pure reason, from the motive of good will, rather than any external or natural influences.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Kantian Ethics

    By: Immanuel Kant


    Introduction
     What is ethics? = It is the study of the morality of
    human actions.
     But what is morality of human actions? = it is
    whether an action is right or wrong/ Good or bad?
     Right or wrong actions = when actions do or do not
    follow a norm/standard.
     Good or bad actions = when actions do or do not
    fulfil an end/purpose (Norm).
    Introduction
     Ethicsis the morality of human actions.
     What are human actions?
    ACTS of Man VERSUS Human ACTS
    Non-voluntary Voluntary Acts
    Standing* Studying
    Closing and opening of eyes Peeping through the window
    Coughing Coughing*
    Taking something* Stealing
    Introduction
     What are norms or standards where we based
    the morality of human actions?
     These are established practices, ideas, theories,
    way of life that sets what is right or wrong good
    or bad.
     Culture, religion, law, self Moral Relativism
     Utilitarianism … Natural Law …. DEONTOLOGY
    Deontology Defined Literally

     Greek: δέον = binding, necessary (etymology)


    = duty—what one ‘owes’ to others
    = owe—obliged to pay
    = obligation  Latin: ligare—‘to tie/bind’

     Deontology = literally, the study of


    duty/obligation
    Deontology Defined Formally
     DEONTOLOGY = formally, a moral theory which asserts
    that the morality of an action is based on rules
    governing duties rather than consequences of an
    action or motives of the agent.
     Rule-based
     Duty-based
     Obligation-based
     Action is more important than consequences in
    determining the moral quality of an action.
    Duty and Agency
     Faculty of RATIONAL WILL = the capacity to 1) act
    according to 2) self-determined 3) principles.

    ANIMALS HUMANS
    instincts/impulses/drives instincts/impulses/drives

    animal actions human actions


    Duty and Agency
     REASON = ability to stop and think about what we
    are doing or about to do.
    = ability to separate oneself from the
    immediacy of one’s surrounding/
    circumstances
    = ability to reflect on our action: affects
    the self and the world.
    = ability to imagine/create a different
    and better world.
     To understand the rational will, we have to differentiate human beings
    from animals.
     STOP AND THINK = wait lang, sandali, sandali lang moments
     SEPARATE = hindi nagpapadala sa tawag ng pagkakataaon at
    pangangailangan
     REFLECT = re+flectare = to bend back.
     EX: Someone gravely insulted me and it really pisses me off I want to
    punch that person in the face. That person is your teacher. If I don’t
    stop and think about what I am about to do, if I cannot separate myself
    from the impulse of my anger and vengeful instincts, I may not be able
    to reflect on how my action would affect me and my world. It would
    even deny me the ability to imagine/create a better way of dealing with
    the situation. Is there no other/better way of dealing with the situation
    than punching my teacher in the face? For Kant, human beings are the
    ARCHITECTS of their own lives—we CONSTRUCT/DESIGN our worlds not
    us BEING DESIGNED by our worlds.
    Duty and Agency

    REASON WILL
    thought action

    capacity to capacity to
    imagine/create/plan a act/enact/carry out
    better world the plan of a better
    world
    Duty and Agency
     RATIONAL WILL = literally, a will governed by
    reason
     It is the faculty to intervene in the world, to act
    in a manner consistent with reason.
    CAUSE EFFECT
    Animals REACT stimulus response
    Humans ACT reason action

     It is the the capacity of a person to be the cause


    of one’s actions based on reasons.
    Duty and Agency
     RATIONAL AGENCY = the the capacity of a person to
    act based on his own freewill and deliberation.
     ‘agency’ and ‘action’ Latin: ago, agere, actus = ‘to do/act’

     ACTION = the moving of oneself and taking concrete


    means in view of a freely-chosen goal/end.
     ‘deliberate’  Latin: liber=‘free’, related to libra=‘scale’

     DELIBERATION = thinking freely so that one can


    weigh the worth/merit of one’s action.
     To be the cause of one’s own action is act
    freely.
     Rational action/rational agency is a
    result/effect of deliberation.
     That is why in our criminal law – who are
    criminally liable? 9-15 years old are
    criminally exempt from criminal liability
    unless they acted with DISCERNMENT
    (DELIBERATION)
    Duty and Agency
     To be a RATIONAL AGENT is to act freely on the basis
    of duty.
     DUTY = a moral obligation imposed by rational will.
    Autonomy
     Faculty of RATIONAL WILL = the capacity to 1) act
    principles
    according to 2) self-determined 3) principles.
     The property of rational will is AUTONOMY.
     Greek: autos—‘self’ + nomos— ‘law’
     Literally, autonomy means self-law.
     ‘self’ = inner principle of the person
     ‘law’ = something that directs/determines/
    regulates movement, action, behavior
    Autonomy
     Heteronomy  Greek: heteros—‘other’; = other-law
    AUTONOMOUS HETERONOMOUS
    self-law other-than-the-self-law
    self-acting, self-directing, acted upon, being directed,
    self-determining being determined
    active passive

    take it upon oneself imposed upon


    Autonomy
     AUTONOMY = the will that is subject to a principle or
    law.
     ‘principle’  Latin: principis— ‘first, beginning, original’
    = that from which any other thing proceeds.
     Autonomy is the quality of being the author, origin, or
    first cause of your action.
     In autonomous action, the self (pure reason) is
    the principle or self-legislating authority of the
    law governing one’s action.
    Autonomy
    RATIONAL WILL ANIMAL INSTINCT
    reason-driven impulse-driven
    autonomic automatic
    inner self (inner law) outer self (external law)
     Autonomy is freedom, the capacity to make free
    choices.
     Free choice is an action determined by pure reason.
     Animal choice (arbitrium brutum) is determined
    by sensible impulses.
    Autonomy

     We are basically animals but we


    cannot be reduced simply as animals
    as we are more essentially rational
    agents. There are two possible causes
    of our action. Impulses and reason.
    Human freedom lies in this distinction.
    Synthesis
     Deontology bases the morality of a human action
    not from the consequences but by Pure Reason
     Pure reason imply the use of rational will where
    we can find our duty to actualize the good will as
    an agent.
     As a rational agent man has to act in freedom and
    deliberation.
     Ethics here is something not dictated or
    automatic but autonomic or based on principles.

    You might also like