The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful

for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to
identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are
brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting
and in the next update to the digital edition, as applicable.
Key: U = Unit.

Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.

U1: Hill Street Studios/Blend Images; JulNichols/E+; Ariel Skelley/DigitalVision; belterz/E+;

bonetta/iStock/Getty Images Plus; fongfong2/iStock/Getty Images Plus; airdone/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Jessica Peterson; Todd Warnock/DigitalVision; Ridofranz/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Inti St
Clair/Blend Images; Lane Oatey/Blue Jean Images; U2: penguenstok/E+; t_kimura/E+; Siede
Preis/Photographer's Choice RF; vetas/iStock/Getty Images Plus; TerryJ/E+; JGI/Jamie Grill/Blend
Images; Westend61; Bloom Productions/DigitalVision; moodboard/Brand X Pictures; mevans/E+;
Caiaimage/Sam Edwards; miniature/DigitalVision Vectors; U3: FrankvandenBergh/E+; Richard
Schafer/EyeEm; Rocky89/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Gail Shotlander/Moment; Dan Dalton/Caiaimage;
MarioGuti/iStock/Getty Images Plus; cnythzl/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Vadmary/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; PeopleImages/E+; Rubberball/Mike Kemp; Antonio Saba/Cultura; U4: Jupiterimages/Stockbyte;
NicolasMcComber/E+; lavoview/iStock/Getty Images Plus; MicroStockHub/iStock/Getty Images Plus;
Image Source; Andras Jancsik/Moment; anyaberkut/iStock/Getty Images Plus; TauriMinogue/iStock
Editorial/Getty Images Plus; KucherAV/iStock/Getty Images Plus; David Pereiras/EyeEm; alvarez/E+;
Digital Vision./Photodisc; Image_Source_/Cultura; kokoroyuki/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Tony
Hopewell/The Image Bank; U5: kali9/E+; James Woodson/Photodisc; PBNJ Productions/Blend Images;
Jade/Blend Images; Mint Images RF; andresr/E+; U6: liorpt/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; paul
mansfield photography/Moment; travelgame/Lonely Planet Images; View Pictures/Universal Images
Group; yorkfoto/E+; Kevin Frayer/Getty Images News; Matt Frost/robertharding; UniversalImagesGroup;
MAGGIE OEHLBECK/Photolibrary; PeopleImages/E+; Fotosearch; Richard Cummins/Lonely Planet
Images; baona/E+; Colorblind/DigitalVision; triloks/iStock/Getty Images Plus; kali9/E+; U7:
Tiago_Fernandez/iStock Editorial/Getty Images Plus; Andy Sheppard/Redferns; Tim Roney/Hulton
Archive; kzenon/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Bob Elsdale/The Image Bank; vm/E+; FatCamera/E+;
Lya_Cattel/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Alexmumu/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Sally Williams
Photography/Photographer's Choice RF; Sam Edwards/OJO Images; ImagesBazaar;
peshkov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; peshkov/iStock/Getty Images Plus photojournalis/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; U8: cnythzl/DigitalVision Vectors; andresr/E+; LatitudeStock - Justin Williams/Gallo Images;
Jupiterimages/Photolibrary; Mixmike/E+; Milkos/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Hero Images;
Lacheev/iStock/Getty Images Plus; fotostorm/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Ashley Gill/OJO Images;
Caiaimage/Caiaimage/Robert Daly/OJO+; U9: Avosb/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Dann Tardif/Corbis;
ooyoo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; DarrenMower/E+; Image Source; Jamie Grill; Media for
Medical/Universal Images Group; Jason English/EyeEm; RuslanDashinsky/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U10:
jessicaphoto/E+; Taitai6769/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Photos by R A Kearton/Moment; Hanh Vy
Nguyen/EyeEm; UpperCut Images; MarieTDebs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Tim MacPherson/Image
Source; Marin Tomas/Moment Open; Astronaut Images/Caiaimage; Springlover/iStock/Getty Images
 Plus; lcs813/iStock/Getty Images Plus; skaman306/Moment; 9Air/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Photo by
Simon Sperling/Moment Open; Herianus Herianus/EyeEm; yoh4nn/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U11:
Maskot; Spaces Images/Blend Images; Shipskyy/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Arno Images/Cultura;
AntonioGuillem/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; NatalyaTerr/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kelvin
Lam/EyeEm; Levi Bianco/Moment; Michael Truelove/Cultura; Tetra Images; Andrew
Watson/Photolibrary; U12: Stuart Minzey/Photographer's Choice; AndreyPopov/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Maskot; Willie B. Thomas/DigitalVision; bymuratdeniz/E+; alexkich/iStock/Getty Images Plus;
Westend61; fstop123/E+; Daniel Grill; RossHelen/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Srongkrod/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; tagphoto/iStock/Getty Images Plus; olaser/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Roleplay: Indeed;
alvarez/E+; Tom Chance; Westend61; Rainer Holz/Westend61; Thomas Barwick/Iconica;
Maskot/DigitalVision; Jessica Peterson; Ranta Images/E+; Juanmonino/E+; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend
Images.
Audio production by CityVox, New York.

Video production by People’s Television, New York.

Vocabulary Presentations

Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: Daniel Milchev/The Image Bank; Indeed; 10'000 Hours/DigitalVision; Betsie Van Der
Meer/DigitalVision; Adie Bush/Cultura; Vyacheslav Dumchev/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Korrawin
Khanta/EyeEm; Neustockimages/E+; Jon Feingersh Photography Inc/DigitalVision; David
Sacks/Photodisc; Andersen Ross/DigitalVision; SDI Productions/E+; Tetra Images - Mike Kemp/Brand X
Pictures; simonkr/E+; Digital Vision./Photodisc; Westend61; Corey Jenkins/Image
Source; Gu/Cultura; a-clip; damircudic/E+; U2: Westend61; Michael
H/DigitalVision; bgwalker/E+; Olivia Collins/EyeEm; lubilub/E+; David Cabrera/Moment; Cavan
Images; Hinterhaus Productions/DigitalVision; NRuedisueli/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jose Luis Pelaez
Inc/DigitalVision; Yuri_Arcurs/E+; golibo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Image Source; JGI/Jamie
Grill; lumpynoodles/DigitalVision Vectors; tadamichi/iStock/Getty Images Plus; hanieriani/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; David_Bodescu/iStock/Getty Images Plus; pictafolio/E+; RyanKing999/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; U3: Westend61; Michael H/DigitalVision; bgwalker/E+; Olivia Collins/EyeEm; lubilub/E+; David
Cabrera/Moment; Cavan Images; Hinterhaus Productions/DigitalVision; NRuedisueli/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/DigitalVision; Yuri_Arcurs/E+; golibo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Image
Source; JGI/Jamie Grill; lumpynoodles/DigitalVision Vectors; tadamichi/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; hanieriani/iStock/Getty Images Plus; David_Bodescu/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; pictafolio/E+; RyanKing999/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U4: Westend61; Moyo Studio/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Fuse/Corbis; jeffbergen/E+; BJI/Blue Jean
Images; Flashpop/DigitalVision; fizkes/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Lane Oatey/Blue Jean
Images; Mlenny/E+; alvarez/E+; monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; skynesher/E+; Maskot; Tim Robberts/DigitalVision; Katja Kircher/Maskot; Eternity in an
Instant/Stone; AndrewRafalsky/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kelvin Murray/Stone; U5: Hello
World/Stone; Elisaveta Ivanova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Rainer von Brandis/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Peter Cade/Stone; Phanuwat Nandee/EyeEm; Patricia Hamilton/Moment; Paul Bradbury/OJO
Images; monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Andersen Ross Photography
Inc/DigitalVision; JGI/Jamie Grill; Highwaystarz-Photography/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Ryan
McVay/Photodisc; Jordan Siemens/Stone; arsenik/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; sanjeri/E+; Hirurg/iStock/Getty Images Plus; franckreporter/E+; JohnnyGreig/E+; ViewStock; Tim
Grist Photography/Moment; U6: Xin He/The Image Bank; Dmytro
Ponomarenko/EyeEm; Xinzheng/Moment; Highwaystarz-Photography/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Liyao
Xie/Moment; DKAR Images; Maskot; Feifei Cui-Paoluzzo/Moment; Michael Dunning/The Image
Bank; Amnat Buakaew/EyeEm; fizkes/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Cavan Images; Image
Source; Image_Source_/Cultura; Alexander
Spatari/Moment; skynesher/E+; Tsuji/E+; JGI/Jamie Grill; Hitoshi Nishimura/The Image
Bank; fotostorm/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Klaus Vedfelt/DigitalVision; U7: cyano66/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Tetra Images; Eleonora Cecchini/Moment; Geoff Manasse/Photographer's Choice
RF; AarStudio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; View Stock; Nick White/DigitalVision; Antenna; Lawrence
Manning/Stone; Cimmerian/E+; BaloOm Studios/Moment; miodrag ignjatovic/E+; Robert Lang
Photography/Moment Open; guruXOOX/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Glowimages; Mladen_Kostic/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Hill Street
Studios/DigitalVision; Maryviolet/iStock/Getty Images Plus; JGI/Jamie Grill; BertrandB/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Caspar Benson; vm/E+; South_agency/E+; U8: Paul Bradbury/OJO Images; Luca
Sage/Stone; lechatnoir/E+; Yellow Dog Productions/The Image
Bank; Maskot; franckreporter/E+; seksan Mongkhonkhamsao/Moment; fstop123/E+; Hinterhaus
Productions/DigitalVision; Marc Romanelli; Hispanolistic/E+; Liam
Norris/Cultura; PeopleImages/E+; gilaxia/E+; STEEX/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Peter
Cade/Stone; Bouillante/iStock/Getty Images Plus; aldomurillo/E+; Tim Robberts/Stone; All rights
reserved by Oscar Wong/Moment; Petri Oeschger/Moment; U9: Ishii
Koji/DigitalVision; Westend61; 10'000 Hours/DigitalVision; Kwanchai Lerttanapunyaporn/EyeEm; Luis
Alvarez/DigitalVision; Sean Gladwell/Moment; Ariel Skelley/DigitalVision; Reza Estakhrian/The Image
Bank; Chris Ryan/OJO Images; SDI Productions/E+; Martin Steinthaler/Moment; Tetra Images - Henryk
Sadura/Brand X Pictures; Prasit photo/Moment; MoMo
Productions/DigitalVision; praetorianphoto/E+; Nikola Ilic/E+; David Sacks/DigitalVision; Hill Street
Studios/DigitalVision; Dougal Waters/DigitalVision; tattywelshie/E+; Jetta Productions
Inc/DigitalVision; Fiona Jackson-Downes/Cultura; U10: Yoke Fong Moey/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; DragonImages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Parinya Takruad/EyeEm; Zero Creatives/Image
Source; stevecoleimages/E+; tomophotography/Moment Open; PeopleImages/E+; SolStock/E+; Larry
Williams/Stone; Sean De Burca/The Image Bank; Fadyukhin/E+; Buena Vista Images/Stone; Peter
Dazeley/The Image Bank; Kwangmoozaa/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Chris
Hepburn/DigitalVision; Richard Drury/Stone; Nikolay Bobrovskiy/EyeEm; wagnerokasaki/E+; BJI/Blue
Jean Images; Gonzalo Azumendi/Stone; Schafer & Hill/Moment Mobile; Nick
David/Stone; Thomas_EyeDesign/E+; Monty Rakusen/Cultura; Maskot; Oliver
Rossi/Stone; NoDerog/E+; Valerio Gualandi/EyeEm; U11: Beau Lark/Corbis/VCG; serezniy/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Image Source; Kelvin Murray/Stone; Mark Edward Atkinson; David Zaitz/The Image
Bank; Peter Cade/Stone; John Fedele/The Image
Bank; RyersonClark/E+; svetikd/E+; Maskot; 4x6/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Rosemary
Calvert/Stone; SDI Productions/E+; 97/E+; GabrielPevide/iStock/Getty Images Plus; 10'000
Hours/DigitalVision; jonathansloane/E+; JGI/Jamie Grill; Thomas Barwick/Stone; PhotoAlto/Frederic
Cirou/PhotoAlto Agency RF Collections; U12: JGI/Jamie Grill; fizkes/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; AllNikArt/iStock/Getty Images Plus; CHUYN/E+; Colin Hawkins/Cultura; wallybird/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Portra/E+; Mint Images/Mint Images RF; David Papazian/Photographer's Choice RF; Klaus
Vedfelt/DigitalVision; Steve Smith; ferrerivideo/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kelly
Moorosi/EyeEm; PJB/Photodisc; tommaso79/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Hisaki
Hirose/EyeEm; Westend61; PLASTICBOYSTUDIO/Moment; Eric Kulin/Design
Pics; FEBRUARY/Moment; Jacobs Stock Photography Ltd/DigitalVision; Elena
Nikoncuk/EyeEm; Hispanolistic/E+; Peter Dazeley/The Image Bank; franckreporter/E+; Dong-Won
Gim/EyeEm.
Audio produced by John Marshall Media.

Grammar Animations
Grammar Animations produced by Collaborate Agency.
Music by Epidemic Sound.
Photography
All photographs are sourced from Getty Images.
U1: Bobby Coutu/E+; U3: Lothar Schulz; Burke/Triolo
Productions/Photolibrary; Jupiterimages/Photolibrary; Daniela Duncan/Moment; Michael
Orso/Moment; Zero Creatives/Cultura; David Butow/Corbis Historical; Douglas Peebles/Corbis
Documentary; Julie Thurston Photography/Moment Mobile; Peter Mundy/Getty Images Sport; Matt
Anderson Photography/Moment; DEA/M. BORCHI/De Agostini; Mint Images/Mint Images
RF; George Zoumas/EyeEm; Duncan_Andison/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Levente Bodo/Moment; Peter
Unger/Stone; Joaquin Corbalan/EyeEm; U8: PT Images; Pillon/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; kupicoo/E+; Jacobs Stock Photography
Ltd/DigitalVision; mathisworks/DigitalVision Vectors; Alberto Guglielmi; JAG
IMAGES/DigitalVision; vitacopS/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Morsa Images/DigitalVision; Linda
Raymond/Moment; Susan Sheldon/EyeEm; U10: Apic/Hulton Archive; Sura Ark/Moment Open; Jim
Gray/Hulton Archive; LPETTET/iStock/Getty Images Plus.