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    Operating System

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    Saad
    This document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system, lists its primary objectives and functions. It describes processes like process management, memory management, file management, security, device management and command interpretation. It discusses early systems like batch processing and different scheduling techniques used in multiprogramming and multiprocessing systems. It also defines concepts like time-sharing systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Operating System

    Uploaded by

    Saad
    17 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system, lists its primary objectives and functions. It describes processes like process management, memory management, file management, security, device management and command interpretation. It discusses early systems like batch processing and different scheduling techniques used in multiprogramming and multiprocessing systems. It also defines concepts like time-sharing systems.

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    This document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system, lists its primary objectives and functions. It describes processes like process management, memory management, file management, security, device management and command interpretation. It discusses early systems like batch processing and different scheduling techniques used in multiprogramming and multiprocessing systems. It also defines concepts like time-sharing systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views18 pages

    Operating System

    Uploaded by

    Saad
    This document provides an overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system, lists its primary objectives and functions. It describes processes like process management, memory management, file management, security, device management and command interpretation. It discusses early systems like batch processing and different scheduling techniques used in multiprogramming and multiprocessing systems. It also defines concepts like time-sharing systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Erbil polytechnic university

    Soran Technical Institute


    Accounting department

    Operating system

    Supervise:
    Mohamed mustafa

    2720Ku. 1441 AL.H. 2020 A.D.


    What is opertating system……?

    Operating system is a System Software


    Act as interface b/w User and the Hardware
    Organized set of programs
    Controls & manage computer resources(H/W,S/W)
    Schedules task, manage storage

    1
    2
    primary objectives of Operating
    system

    Making a computer system convenient to use.


    Managing the resources.

    Functions of operating system

    1. processManagement
    2. MemoryManagement
    3. File Management
    4. Security
    5. DeviceManagement
    6. Command Interpretation

    3
    Process management

    Process is a program in execution.


    OS manages creation & deletion of processes.
    Methods for process management are:
    Manual loading mechanism
    1. Batch processing
    2. Multiprogramming
    3. Multiprocessing

    4
    Process of Management in Early system

    Programmer writes the program.


    Programs are then punched on punchcard.
    Cards are submitted to computer centre.
    Cards & data were manually loaded.
    Result of execution of the job was printed on
    the punch cards.

    5
    Memory Management

    Takes care of main memory.


    Deals with part of memory in use &the memory
    part which is not in use.
    Allocates memory to processes & deallocate
    when they are done

    6
    File Management

    File is a collection of related info.


    Manages file stored on the disk.
    Provides functions to delete, copy, move,
    rename and viewfiles.
    File access methods :-
    1. Sequential Access Files
    2. Random Access Files

    7
    Security

    Protect resources and information against


    destruction & unauthorized access
    Types of Security:-
    External Security
    • Adequate back-up data
    • Excess of sensitive information only

    Internal Security
    • User authentication
    • Access control

    8
    Device Management

    Manages the peripheral devices.


    Accepts input from the user and give
    corresponding output.
    Consist of policies and procedures for
    handling I/O devices

    command Interpretation

    Act as primary interface between the user& the


    rest of the system.
    Understands & executes commands entered by
    human beings.

    9
    Batch processing

    Effective form of processing.


    Programs are prepared Offline.
    Groups of programs are collected together &
    are processed one by one.
    Advantage:-Reduces computer idle time.
    Disadvantage:- Large turn around time.

    10
    steps in Batch Processing

    Programmer prepares their programs and data


    ondeck of cards.
    Operator periodically collect the submitted
    programs and would batch them together.
    Batched programs were loaded into input device.
    Operator gives command to start executing the
    jobs.
    Jobs automatically loads from the input device.
    After process, operator separates and keep the
    printed output.

    11
    uniprogramming System

    Main Memory
    Operating System OS area

    User
    User Job P r o gram
    area

    CPU

    AUniprogramming systemmodel in which only one


    jobis processedbythe system ata time and all the
    system resources are exclusively available for the
    job until it completes.

    12
    Multiprogramming System

    Is a interleaved execution of two or more programs


    by the same computer.
    One or more programs are executed at the same
    time.
    Different scheduling techniques are:-
    • First come first serve
    • Round robin (RR)
    • Shortest job first (SJF)

    13
    Multiprogramming System

    It is the system capability toconcurrently work on


    more than onetask.
    Same as multiprogramming.
    Multitasking is referred in contextto single user.
    Multiprocessing system is a integrated system.
    Two or more CPU is present.
    Simultaneously execute several programs.

    I/OUnits

    I/OUnits I/OProcessor CPU

    Architecture of a computer system showing its CPU,


    memory & I/O processors

    14
    Multiprogramming System

    Multiprocessing systems are of two types:-


    • Tightly coupled systems
    • Loosely coupled systems.

    CPU-1 Mainmemory CPU-2

    I/Oprocessor I/Oprocessor
    s s

    I/OUnits I/OUnits

    Basic Org. of a physical multiprocessing System

    15
    Time Sharing System

    Is a mechanism to provide simultaneous


    interactive use of computer system.
    There are many terminals connected to the same
    computer.
    CPU scheduling algorithm is used.
    Concept of Time Slice is used.

    Online Operating System

    Consists of entering transaction data and viewing


    the results immediately.
    Airline reservation, Railway reservation, & banking
    are some of the examples.
    These OS cannot be modified as it support
    single application.
    16
    References

    • www.google.com
    • www.wikipedia.org
    • http;//techeye.org/browse/7392

    17

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