SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021



GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Electrophiles are electron deficient species. Relative electron withdrawing order (–I order)
eg. H , R , NO , X , PCl 3, PCl5
Å Å Å
2
Å Å Å Å
- N F3 > - N R 3 > - N H 3 > –NO2 > –CN > –COOH
Å
( N H4 and H3 OÅ are not electrophile) > –X > –OR > –OH > –CºCH > –NH2
> –C6H5 > –CH = CH2
Nucleophiles are electron rich species. Relative electron releasing order (+I order)
e.g. C l, C H 3, O H , R O , C N , N H 3, R O H , C H 2 =CH 2 , C H ºC H – N H > –O > – C O O >3°alkyl>2°alkyl>1° alkyl>–CH3

RELATIVE STABILITY ORDER ACIDIC STRENGTH µ Stability of conjugate base

(A) Stability of carbocation 1
µ Ka µ
Å Å Å Å pK a
> (Ph)3 C > (Ph)2 CH > Ph - CH2 > CH2 = CH - CH2 >
(i) H2O > CH º CH > NH3
Å Å Å Å Å Å (ii) CH º CH > CH2 = CH2 > CH3–CH3
(CH3 )3 C > (CH3 )2 C H > CH3 C H2 > C H3 > CH2 = C H > CH º C
(B) Stability of free radical OH

R
& > (Ph) CH
& > PhCH
& & (iii) R–SO3H > R–COOH > > R–OH
(Ph)3 C 2 2 > CH2 = CH - CH2 >

& > (CH ) CH

& > CH CH
& & (iv) HCOOH > CH3COOH > CH3CH2COOH
(CH3 )3 C 3 2 3 2 > CH3
(C) Stability of Carbanion OH
SI
(v) NO2 NO2
Q Q Q Q > H CO O H > C 6 H 5 C O O H > C H 3C O O H
(Ph)3 C > (Ph)2 CH > Ph - C H2 > CH2 = CH - CH2 >
Q Q Q Q NO2
CH3 > CH3 CH2 > (CH3 )2 CH > (CH3 )3 C (vi) CCl3COOH > CHCl2COOH > CH2ClCOOH
(vii) CH –CH –CH–COOH > CH –CH–CH COOH > CH–CH CH COOH
3 2 3 2 2 2 2
C

F F F
1
BASIC STRENGTH µ Kb µ pK OH
b
C H
(viii) 6 4 Phenol > m > p > o
SK

• Basic strength of amine :- CH3

In aqueous medium
R Þ –CH3 2° > 1° > 3° > NH3 OH
R Þ –CH2CH3 2° > 3° > 1° > NH3 (ix) C6H4 p > o > m > Phenol
NO2
In gaseous medium
R Þ –CH3 3° > 2° > 1° > NH3 OH OH
R Þ –CH2CH3 3° > 2° > 1° > NH3 NO2 NO2 NO2 OH OH
NO2
• Reactivity towards nucleophile (NAR) (x) > > >
(1) HCHO > CH3CHO > (CH3)2CO NO2 NO2
(2) CCl3CHO > CHCl2CHO > CH2ClCHO
• Reactivity order towards acyl nucleophilic COOH
substitution reaction (xi) C6H4 o > p > m > benzoic acid
Acid chloride > anhydride > ester > amide NO2
• Order of electronic effect
Mesomeric > Hyperconjugation >Inductive effect COOH
• Stability of alkene µ no. of a-hydrogen (xii) C6H4 o > benzoic acid > m > p
CH3
R2 C=CR 2 > R2 C=CHR > R2 C=CH2 >RCH=CHR > RCH=CHR
trans form cis form

RCH=CH2 > CH2=CH2 COOH

1 (xiii) C6H 4 o > m > p > benzoic acid
• Heat of hydrogenation µ Stability Cl
of alkene

For more update follow on :

[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
 SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

PURIFICATION METHODS LASSAIGNE'S METHOD
DISTILLATION TECHNIQUES (detection of elements)
Type :
Element Sodium Confirmed test
(A) SIMPLE DISTILLATION (B) FRACTIONAL extract
Conditions DISTILLATION
(i) When liquid sample has non Nitrogen Na + C + N (NaCN+FeSO4+NaOH)
When b.p.
volatile impurities D boil and cool
difference is 10K
(ii) When boiling point difference +FeCl 3+conc. HCl ® Fe4[Fe(CN) 6]3
Examples NaCN
is 80 K or more.
(i) Crude oil in Prussian blue colour
Examples
(i) Mixture of chloroform petroleum
(BP = 334K) and Aniline industry
Sulphur 2Na + S (i) Na2S + Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]
(BP = 457K) (ii) Acetone (329 K) sodium nitrosopruside
(ii) Mixture of Ether and Methyl D
® Na4[Fe(CN)5NOS]
(b.p. = 308K) & alcohol (338K) a deep violet colour
Na2S
Toluene (b.p. = 384K)
(iii) Hexane (342K) and
Toulene(384K)

R
PbS¯
(C) DISTILLATION UNDER REDUCED PRESSURE Black ppt.
(Vacuum distillation)
When liquid boils at higher temperature and it may Halogen Na + X NaX + HNO3 + AgNO3
decompose before b.p. is attained.
SI D (i) White ppt. soluble in aq. NH3
Example (i) Concentration of sugar juice
NaX confirms Cl.
(ii) Recovery of glycerol from spent lye.
(iii) Glycerol (ii) Yellow ppt. partially soluble in
aq. NH3 confirms Br.
(D) STEAM DISTILLATION (iii) Yellow ppt. insoluble in
When the substance is P = P1 + P2
C

immiscible with water and Vapour Vapour Vapour aq. NH3 confirms I.
steam volatile. pressure pressure pressure
of of water Nitrogen As in test for nitrogen; instead of
Example : Na+C+N+S
Organic and green or blue colour, blood red
(i) Aniline is separated liquid D
SK

from water sulphur colouration confirms presence of

(ii) Turpentine oil (iii) Nitro Benzene together NaCNS N and S both
(iv) Bromo Benzene (v) Naphthalene Sodium thiocyanate
(Blood red colour)
(vi) o-Nitrophenol

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Estimation of carbon and hydrogen ESTIMATION OF NITROGEN
- Leebig's method Duma's method : Kjeldahl's method :
The nitrogen containing organic In this method nitrogen containing
compound yields nitrogen gas on compound is heated with conc. H2SO4 in
heating it with copper (II) oxide in presence of copper sulphate to convert
Note : This method is suitable for the presence of CO 2 gas. The nitrogen into ammonium sulphate which is
estimation if organic compound contains mixture of gases is collected over
C and H only. In case if other elements decomposed with excess of alkali to
potassium hydroxide solution in
e.g., N, S, halogens are also present the liberate ammonia.
which CO2 is absorbed and volume
organic compound will also give their of nitrogen gas is determined.
oxides which is being absorbed in KOH Note : This method is simpler and more convenient
and is mainly used for finding out the percentage of
and will increase the percentage of carbon
nitrogen in food stuffs, soil, fertilizers and various
and therefore following modification Note : This method can be used to
agricultural products. This method cannot be used
should be made. estimate nitrogen in all types of organic
for compound having nitro groups, azo group (–N =
compounds N–) and nitrogen in the ring (pyridine, quinole etc.)
Since nitrogen in thes e compounds is not
quantitatively converted in to ammonium sulphate.

For more update follow on :

[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
 SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


PRACTICAL ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
UNSATURATION TEST DISTINCTION BETWEEN 1°, 2° & 3° ALCOHOLS
R R
(a) Double/Triple bonded Compounds (C = C)/(C º C)+ Lucas reagent
Br2 in CCl4 (Brown colour) ® Colourless compound • R – C – OH Room temperature R – C – Cl
R R
Br Br Tertiary alcohol Cloudiness appears
CCl4 immediately
• R – CH = CH – R + Br2 R – CH – CH – R
(Alkene) (Brown) (Colourless)
R R
Lucas reagent
Br Br • R – CH – OH Room temperature R – CH – Cl
CCl4 Secondary alcohol Cloudiness appears
• R – C º C – R + Br2 R–C–C–R within five minutes
(Alkyne) (Brown)
Br Br •
Lucas reagent
R – CH2 – Cl
(Colourless) R – CH2 – OH Heat
Primary alcohol Cloudiness appears
(b) Double/Triple bonded Compounds + after 30 minute

R
Baeyer's reagent (Pink colour) ¾® Brown precipitate Lucas reagent is anhydrous ZnCl2 + conc. HCl.
HALOFORM REACTION IN ALCOHOL
• R – CH = CH – R + KMnO4 R – CH – CH – R + MnO2 OH
SI
(Alkene) (Cold, dilute) Brown ppt
OH OH • H3C – CH – R type of alcohols give iodoform test.
(Colourless)

• R – C º C – R' + KMnO4 MnO2 + RCOOH + R'COOH OH

(Hot, dilute) Brown ppt. NaOH
• H3C – CH – R + I2 Iodoform test CHI 3 + RCOONa
• R – C º C – H + KMnO4 MnO2 + RCOOH + CO2 + H2O Iodoform
(Alkyne) (Hot, dilute) Brown ppt. (Colourless)
(Yellow ppt.)
C

Baeyer's reagent is cold, dilute KMnO4 solution having

PHENOL
pink colour.
Note : The above test are not given by Benzene. Phenol + ferric chloride ¾¾® Violet colouration
(neutral )
SK

Although it has unsaturation.

6 OH + FeCl3 3H+ + [Fe(OC6H5)6]3– + 3HCl
TEST FOR TERMINAL ALKYNE Violet colouration
CARBONYL GROUP
Terminal alkyne
• Carbonyl + 2, 4-DNP Yellow/orange
Ammonical silver Ammonical cuprous
nitrate chloride compound (Bredy's reagent) crystal

White ppt. Red ppt. NO2 O2N

H
C = O + N – NH NO2 C = N – NH NO2
H
(Bredy's reagent)
AgNO 3 + NH 4OH
NH4NO3 + H2O + R – C º C – Ag
White ppt.
• All aldehydes and only aliphatic methyl ketones
R – C º CH
Terminal alkyne + NaHSO3 ® White crystalline bisulphite (Water soluble).
NH4Cl + H2O + R – C º C – Cu
Cu 2Cl2 + NH 4OH OH
Red ppt.
R – +
C=O + NaHSO3 R – C – SO 3Na
H
NATURE OF X-GROUP IN C–X BOND Aldehyde H

R – OH + KX
HNO3
AgX OH
R – X + aqueous KOH AgNO3 R
Precipitate C=O + NaHSO3 R – C – SO–3Na+
H3C
If X is Cl, precipitate will be white and for Br yellow Methyl ketone CH3
precipitate will be obtained.
For more update follow on :
[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
 SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021

Ethanal and methanal (Iodoform test) Aniline and N-methylaniline (Isocyanide test)
Iodoform test
• CH 3CHO + I2 + NaOH CHI 3 + HCOONa
• N H 2+C H C l 3+3KO H N C +3 KC l+3H 2 O
Ethanal Iodoform (alc.)
(Yellow ppt.) A niline P heny l isoc ya nide
(O ffe nsiv e sm ell)
Iodoform test
• HCHO + I2 + NaOH No yellow ppt.
Methanal • NH – CH3 + CHCl3 + 3KOH No offensive smell
(alc.)
N-Methylaniline
Acetophenone and benzophenone (Iodoform test)
O Aniline and Benzylamine (Diazotisation + phenol)
Iodoform test
• C – CH3 + I2 + NaOH
+ – OH
(Acetophenone) NaNO 2 + HCl
• NH2 Diazotisation
N2Cl
Mild
0–5°C
CHI3 + COONa Aniline Basic
(Yellow ppt.) Medium
N=N OH
Orange dye
O
Iodoform test
• C + I2 + NaOH No ppt. NaNO2 + HCl
• CH2 – NH2 CH2 – OH
(Benzophenone) Benzylamine
OH

R
Benzoic acid and ethylbenzoate No orange dye
•C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 ® C6H5COONa + CO2­+ H2O Glucose and fructose
effervescence
• Ethyl benzoate + Sodium bicarbonate
SI
• Glucose+ Br2 + H 2 O ® Gluconic acid + 2HBr
® No effervescence ( brown ) ( colorless )

Fructose+ Br2 + H 2 O ® No change in color

Benzaldehyde and acetophenone (Tollen's test) • ( brown )
• Benzaldehyde + Tollen's reagent ® Silver mirror
Glucose and sucrose
C

CHO + 3OH— + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+

(Tollen's reagent) • Glucose + Tollen's reagent ¾¾® Silver mirror
COO + 2H2O + 4NH3 + 2Ag¯
—
• Sucrose + Tollen's reagent ¾¾® No silver mirror
SK

• Acetophenone + Tollen's reagent ® No silver mirror Glucose and starch

• Glucose + Fehling's solution ¾¾® Red ppt.
Methyl amine and dimethyl amine (Isocyanide test)
• CH3NH2 + CHCl 3 + 3KOH CH3NC + 3KCl + 3H2O • Starch + Fehling's solution ¾¾® No red ppt.
Methyl amine (alc.) Methyl isocyanide
(Offensive smell) OR
CH3 • Glucose + I2 solution ¾¾® No blue colour
• H3C–NH + CHCl3 + 3KOH(alc.) No offensive smell • Starch + I2 solution ¾¾® Blue colour
Di-methyl amine

Aniline and ethyl amine (Diazotisation)

NaNO2 + HCl + – OH
• NH2 Diazotisation
N2Cl
Mild
Aniline 0–5°C
basic
medium
N=N OH
Orange dye
p-hydroxy azobenzene

NaNO 2 + HCl
OH
• CH3CH2NH2 CH3CH2OH No Orange dye
Ethyl amine

For more update follow on :

[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


GRIGNARD REAGENT
REACTION
GRIGNARD REAGENT as Nucleophile

O O
O OH
C O R C OEt
R C O H RMgX in excess/H O+ R C R
H 3O + 3
R
O O
H C H R C Cl O
(1°) R CH2 R C R
H 3O + 1eq. RMgX
OH
O O
O H OH
H3C C H R C Cl
(2°) R CH CH R C R
3 H3O+ RMgX in excess/ H 3O +
R
O
O H O
R C R R C N
(3°) R C R R C R

R
H 3O + H 3O+
R
O O
O OH
H C OEt
H C R R CH2 CH2
G.R. 1eq.
SI H 3O +
–d +d

OH OMgBr
Å
O RMgBr O
O
H
H3O + R CH CH2
H C OEt
R CH R H C R RMgX inH
R CH CH2 R
RMgX in excess 3O
+

R
O
O
C

R C OEt O2
R C R R O H
1eq. RMgX H 3O+
O
C OEt O
O H O H
OEt + H 3O + Cl C Cl
SK

(3° Alc.) R C R R C R
RMgX in excess /H 3O +
G.R. (excess)
R R
O
O
Cl C Cl 1 eq. Cl C N Br
R C Cl RMgX
R C N + Mg
Cl
O
O
Cl C Cl 2 eq. Cl NH 2 Br
R C R R NH2 + Mg
RMgX
Cl

GRIGNARD REAGENT as BASE

(Active H-containing compound)
H
H O H H N R NH R
Mg(OH)Br + R-H R H + Mg
Br
R
R O H
Mg(OR)Br + R-H H N R NR2
–d +d R H + Mg
Br
Mg(OD)Br + R-D
D O D
RMgBr
R' C C H
R H + R' C CMgBr
MgBr +R-H
O O O
H NH 2
Mg(NH2)Br+R-H R H+ MgBr

O
For more update follow on :
[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


GMP Reactions

2 C2H5 OH
ETHER
H 2SO 4 /140°C Cl2
[Williamson continuous etherification]
Dark
(NSR) [SN2]

+
H3C CH2 ONa
CH 3—CH 2—I HCl
[Williamson synthesis] [3°[R–X] ® Alkene]
H3C CH2 O CH2 CH3 Cold
(NSR) [SN 2]
H3C CH2 O CH3
Dry Ag2O HI/cold
2C2H5I R O R
(NSR)

CH 2N 2/BF3 , D HI/D
CH3—CH2—OH
excess

SO3Na GMP R
SI
CH3
(i) NaOH (i) O2 + D H3C C H
Å
(ii) H (ii) H Å/H2O
(–CH3COCH 3)
other product
+
N2Cl
C

H2O/D OH

Cl
SK

MgBr H 2O
(i) O2/60°C/D
Industrial method
+
(ii) H 2O/H PHENOL

H
COOH
OH NaOH+CaO/D O 2, V2O5
300°C

OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 OCH3

Br COCH3
Br2 in CH3COOH CH3COCl
+ OCH3 +
Bromination AlCl3
Friedel-Crafts reaction
Br COCH3
OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 OCH3
CH3 conc. H2SO4 NO2
+ AlCl3 /CH3Cl +
Friedel-crafts reaction conc. HNO3
Anisole (nitration)

NO2
CH
For more update follow on
3
:
[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


Comparision Comparision
of of
SN1 and SN2 E1 and E2

REACTIONS SN1 SN2 REACTIONS E1 E2

A Kinetics 1st order 2nd order A Kinetics
st
1 order
nd
2 order
B Rate k[RX] k[RX][B: ]
—
B Rate k[RX] k[RX][Nu:Q]
C Stereochemistry No special Anti-
C Stereochemistry Racemisation Inversion geometry periplanar
D Substrate 3° > 2°>>>1° 3° >2° >1°
D Substrate 3°> 2°>1°>MeX MeX >1°>2°>3°
(reactivity) E Base Strength Rate Needs Strong
Independent bases
E Nucleophile Rate Needs Strong
Independent Nu F Solvent Good ionizing Polarity not
F Solvent Good in protic Faster in aprotic import
G Leaving Group Needs Good Needs Good
G Leaving Group Needs Good LG Needs Good LG LG LG

R
H Rearrangement Possible Not Possible
H Rearrangement Possible Not Possible
SI
Summary of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 Reactions
RX Mechanism Q Q Solvent Temp.
Nu / B
Better NuQ
S N2 Low
C

Aq. KOH, ORQ Polar

1°
Strong & bulky base aprotic
E2 High
Alc. KOH, (CH3)3COQ
SK

S N2 Aq. KOH Low

Polar
aprotic
E2 ORQ , (CH3)3COQ High
2°
(SN1) Solvent (Low)
Polar
protic
(E1) Solvent (High)

S N1 Solvent Protic Low

3° E1 Solvent Protic High

E2 NuQ/Base — High
Primary (1°) Secondary Tertiary (3°)
(2°)
SN2 + E2
Strong nucleophile SN2 >>E2 (if weak base, E2
SN2 favored)
Mostly SN1 at
Weak nucleophile
Mostly SN2 Mostly SN2/SN1 low T mostly
weak base
E1 at high T
Weak nucleophile
Mostly E2 Mostly E2 E2
strong
For more base follow on :
update
[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


Reaction of Aldehyde & Ketone

Metal/H 2 HCN OH H2O OH (Partial
CH–OH or LiAlH 4 C C hydrolysis)
(NAR) CN CONH2
or NaBH4
2H 2O/H
Å OH (Complete
or Na+C2H 5OH C hydrolysis)
COOH
LiAlH4 OH
Wolf kishner CH2
(i) N2H4 HCHO C
CH2 NH2
reduction (ii) OH/D NaHSO 3 OH
R C
C =O SO3Na
Clemmensen's Zn–Hg/HCl H [Bisulphite compound
(White crystalline)]
CH2
reduction R
C= O ROH/H
+
OH ROH/H
+ OR
R (Ald.)
C C
Red P/HI H OR H OR
CH2 (Hemi-acetal) (Acetal)
Z=–H,–R,–OH,–NH2

–NH – OH
HC ºCNaÅ

R
H 2N–Z
C=N–Z C (Acetylinic alcohol)
–NH NO2 CºCH
NO 2
–NHCONH 2 Cl PCl5 or SOCl2 RMgX OH
C
C
SI (Alcohol)
Cl R

Reaction of only Ketone

CHCl3 CH3 OH
C

C (Chloretone)
CH3 CH3 CH3 CCl3
C –– C Mg–Hg CH3
CH3 CH3 H2 O
C= O
OH OH CH3 [O]
(Pinacol) CH3COOH+[HCOOH]
SK

CO2+H2O

Aldol Reaction (Aldehyde or ketone with aH)

dil. NaOH D
(i) 2CH3CHO CH3–CH–CH2–CHO –H2O
CH3–CH=CH–CHO
(Aldol condensation product)
OH
Aldol
CH3 CH3
Ba(OH)2 D
(ii) 2CH3COCH3 CH3–C–CH2COCH3 –H 2O
CH3–C=CH–COCH3
(Aldol condensation product)
OH
Ketol

Cannizzaro reaction (Aldehyde with no a H)

conc. NaOH – +
2HCHO D
CH3OH+HCOO Na

TESTS

Tollen's test :- Fehling's test

RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3 –OH ¾® RCOO– + 2Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3 RCHO + 2Cu + 5 OH ¾® RCOO + Cu2O + 3H2O
+2 – –

(Given by Aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde) (Given by Aliphatic aldehyde) (Red-Brown ppt.)

For more update follow on :

[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


CARBOXYLIC ACID

(i)
Å
(ii) H

R
SI
C
SK

(Schimdt Reaction)

/CH3–CH2–CH3
Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaction

COOH
COOH Conc HNO 3+ConcH2 SO4
R COOH
(1) KMnO 4–KOH/D No Friedel craft reagent NO2
(2) H Å reaction COOH
Br2+FeBr3
R[1°/2° Alkyl group,
C=C, CºC, CH 2–OH,CHO,COCH3 etc]
Br
For more update follow on :
[1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary skc world
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021


AMINES
PREPARATION
+
NH 3(Excess) H/H2O
H3C CH2 X R N C O
-HX HO / H2O
O [Aminolysis]

Gabriel C Br2 , KOH

O Hoffmann
(i) NH3 Bromamide
Phthalimide O H2 O, HO H3C C NH2 Degradation
Synthesis (ii) KOH,CH3-I
C +
[NSR] (iii) H2O, H
O
SN2 CH3NH2
HN3 , H2SO4
O
Na(Hg)/EtOH Schimdt
R C N RCH2NH2 R C OH Reaction
H2/Ni orLiAlH 4 /Et 2O H 3O
+

R NH2

H3OÅ Fe/HCl or H2/Pd

R–NC R NO2
or Sn/HCl

R
SI or SnCl2 +HCl

REACTION
+ – HCl CHCl 3,KOH
R-NH3 Cl R-NC
(Salt) (Carbylamine test)
C

CH3NH 2
CH3Br [NSR] HNO2 /H +
R-NHCH 3 RCH2NH 2 R-OH
SK

Alkylation [But CH3-NH2 ®CH3-O-CH 3]

R–NH2

CH3COCl [SNAE]
O
R-NHCOCH3 Base (Acylation)
N–R

TEST
Reagent R–NH2(1°) R2NH(2°) R3N(3°) NH2

R N SO2 Ph
Ph–SO2Cl R2N–SO2–Ph
H soluble
(Hinsberg NaOH NaOH
No reaction NH SO2 Ph
reagent)
[R N SO2 Ph]Na+ Insoluble Soluble in base
soluble
S S S
C=S R NH C SH R2N C SH Ph—NH
No reaction
D/HgCl2 HgCl2 D HgCl2 D Ph—NH
Mustard
oil test R–N=C=S+HgS No reaction

[1]
[1]
SKCWORLD Referral Code : SKCLIVE NEET-2021

BENZENE DIAZONIUM CHLORIDE
REACTION
OH Cl
Cu/HCl
HO N N
pH = 8–10

Gatterman
reaction
Orange dye
NH2
NH2
Cu/ HBr Br
Coupling reaction

H 2N N N
pH = 4–5
Yellow dye
H NH-CH3
C2H 5OH/D or H 3PO 2/ D

NaNO2 + HCl [0°–5°C]

H 3C N N N
pH = 4–5

OH OH
OH
+
H2O/H
N N NH2
pH = 8–10 283K
Red orange dye
Cl
CuCl/HCl KI I
+
Sandmeyer reaction

N NCl

R
Br F
CuBr/HBr HBF 4
D
+ –
CN N 2BF 4
CuCN/KCN
SI N O2
HBF4 NaNO 2
Cu/ D

ANILINE
C

REACTION
SK

+ NH2
H-Cl Br2/H2O Br Br
NH3 Cl
or Br2/CS2
O Br
NHCOCH3 NHCOCH3 NH2
(CH3–C)2O
+ Na HNO3,H2SO4 OH or
NHNa
Pyridine
Å
288K H
(Group Protection)
NO2 NO2
O NH2 NH2 NH2 NH2
O C Cl
Conc.HNO3 NO2
NH C
Base Conc. H2SO4 + +
Schotten Baumann Reaction [51%] NO2
NO2 [47%] [2%]
O
C Cl O NH2 NH2
O (i) H3C
NO2
Cl C Cl
NH C NH +
(ii) HNO3+H2SO4/H3O +
Diphenyl Urea
(Group Protection) NO2
Å
NH2 NH3
+ CHCl3 (1) Conc. H2SO4
N C Zwitter Ion
KOH (2) 453-473K
For more update follow on
Carbylamine Test:
SO H SO3 [1]
OC with BABA skcsir Shubh Karan Choudhary
3
skc world
Friedel crafts reagent
No reactions
SK
C
SI
R
SK
C
SI
R
SK
C
SI
R
SK
C
SI
R
SK
C
SI
R
SK
C
SI
R
SKCLIVE

R
SI
C
SK
SKCLIVE

R
SI
C
SK