Project: Proposed Residential Development on Plot LR No.

KABETE/LOWER KABETE/242
Client: JOHN PETER WANJAU NJOROGE Made By: Date: Page
OB 12-Oct-23 1
Checked By: Drg No: Job No
PRINT
OB 05/2020/OB/OB 1
Design of Concrete Beams
REF CALCULATION OUTPUT
Design Properties and Parameters
EC2 Concrete density= ρ= 25 kN/m³
Part 1.1 Assume main rebar φ= 16 mm
Design Assume top rebar φ' = 16 mm
manual Assume shear links reinforcement φv = 8 mm
Concrete cover to reinforcements, c= 25 mm
Slab thickness hf = 150 mm
Beam section h= 500 mm
b= 200 mm
Concrete compressive strength fck = 20 N/mm²
Rebar steel strength fyk = 460 N/mm²
Stirrup steel strength fyv = 250 N/mm²
Slab loading analysis
Slab dead loads
-Slab load s/w = 25 × 0.15 3.75
-Partition (Light weight wall) 1.00
-Finishes/screeds = 25 × 0.025 0.63
Total dead load, Gk (kN/m²) 5.38 kN/m² Gk=5.38
Slab variable loads
-Building / structure utility as; Accommodation 2.00 kN/m²
Total live load, Qk (kN/m²) 2.00 kN/m² Qk=2
Taking 1m width of the floor slab, the design load, w (kN/m), is given by;
Ultimate load Service load
w (kN/m) =5.38×1.35+2×1.5= 10.26 =5.38×1+2×1= 7.38
Beam loading analysis
Effective span of beam L = 5300 mm Area supported A = 12.7 m²
Ultimate load Service load
-Slab load 10.26×12.7/5.3 = 24.59 7.38×12.7/5.3 = 17.68
-Beam s/w 0.2×0.35×25×1.35 = 2.36 0.2×0.35×25×1 = 1.75
Uniformly distributed load 26.95 kN/m 19.43 kN/m
Moments & shear force for Continuous Interior Beam
26.95 kN/m

5.3 m

BM Diagram (kNm) SF Diagram (kN)

-75.7
-83.3

Tab 5.12 Maximum span moment 53 kNm 53

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Project: Proposed Residential Development on Plot LR No. KABETE/LOWER KABETE/242
Client: JOHN PETER WANJAU NJOROGE Made By: Date: Page
OB 12-Oct-23 1
Checked By: Drg No: Job No
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OB 05/2020/OB/OB 1
Effective depth, deff
∅′ = 500 - 25 - 8 - 16 / 2 = 459 mm
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ℎ − 𝑐 − ∅ − ⇒
2 deff = 459 mm 459
d' = = 25+8+16×0.5 =
d' = 41 mm 41
Section ultimate design moment
Maximum span moment MEd = 53.0 kNm 53.0
𝑀
𝐾= 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 53×1000²/(20×200×459²) = 0.063 0.063
K= 0.063 < 0.167 K=0.063
Therefore no comp. reinforcement needed
Lever arm, z
𝐾
𝑧 = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.25 − ⇒ = 459(0.5+√(0.25-0.063/1.134)) = 432 mm 432
1.134
z = 0.95×d = 0.95×459 = 437 mm 437
Therefore lever arm, z = 432 mm z=432mm
Steel reinforcement requirement
𝑀 𝐾 − 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 = + 𝐴′𝑠
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 ′
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ) 0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙
Tens. steel req'. As= 53×1000²/(0.87×460×432) = 307 mm² 307
cl. 9.2.1.1 Check minimum area of reinforcements
fctm = 0.3 × fck0.67 = 0.3×20⁰˙⁶⁷ = 2.93 Mpa 2.93
Equ. 9.1N As, min = 0.26 (fctm/ fyk) bt d > 0.13%bd =0.26×(2.93/460)×200×459 = 152 mm² 152
cl. 9.2.1.1 Check maximum reinfocements
Max As =4%bd = 4 ×200×459/100 = 4000 mm² 4000
Therefore, provide; 2 T16 mm (A s prov. = 402>307mm²) Rt=0.76 OK
Comp. steel reinf. req'. As' = 0.15 ×200×459/100 = 150
Therefore, provide; 2 T16 mm (A s prov. = 402>150mm²) Rt=0.37 OK
Support moment MEd = 83.3 kNm 83.3
𝑀
𝐾=
𝑏𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 83.3×1000²/(20×200×459²) = 0.099 0.099
K= 0.099 < 0.167 K=0.099
Therefore no comp. reinforcement needed
Lever arm, z
𝐾
𝑧 = 𝑑 0.5 + 0.25 − ⇒ = 459(0.5+√(0.25-0.099/1.134)) = 432 mm 432
1.134
z = 0.95×d = 0.95×459 = 437 mm 437
Therefore lever arm, z = 432 mm z=432mm
Steel reinforcement requirement
𝑀 𝐾 − 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑2
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴′𝑠 = 𝐴 𝑠 = + 𝐴′𝑠
0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧 0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 (𝑑 − 𝑑 ′ ) 0.87𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑏𝑎𝑙
Tens. steel req'. As= 83.3×1000²/(0.87×460×432) = 482 mm² 482
Therefore, provide; 1 T16+2T16 mm (A s prov. = 603>482mm²) Rt=0.8 OK
Shear check
Max. support reaction VEd = 85.7 kN 85.7
Assume single links with legs oriented vertically;
Determine angle of compression struts;

1
𝑉𝐸𝑑
5

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Project: Proposed Residential Development on Plot LR No. KABETE/LOWER KABETE/242
Client: JOHN PETER WANJAU NJOROGE Made By: Date: Page
OB 12-Oct-23 1
Checked By: Drg No: Job No
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OB 05/2020/OB/OB 1
−1
𝑉𝐸𝑑
Equ. (6.8) 𝜃 = 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑓 =0.5sin⁻¹×{85.7/[0.18×200×459×20(1-20/250)]}
0.18𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑓𝑐𝑘 1 − 𝑐𝑘
250
θ= 16.38 o 16.38
Maximum Shear Resistance,VRd,max;
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.124𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1 − 𝑓 ; 0.18𝑏𝑤 𝑑(1 − )𝑓
250 𝑐𝑘 250 𝑐𝑘
Equ. (6.9) = 0.124×200×459×{1-(20/250)}×20 = VRd,max = 209 kN 209
𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑉𝐸𝑑
=
𝑠 0.78𝑑𝑓𝑦𝑘 cot 𝜃
=85.7/[0.78×459×460×cot 22.8] = Asw/s = 0.22 mm²/mm 0.22
0.5
cl. 9.2.2 𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.08𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑤 =0.08×200×√(20)/460 Asw,min/s = 0.16 mm²/mm 0.16
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
cl. 9.2.2 Min. shear resistance,Vmin.; =0.16×0.78×459×460×cot 22.8 = Vmin = 63 kN 63
Provide shear links as; 2 leg(s) T8 spaced @ 200 (A sw /s = 0.504 mm²/mm) 0.504
Shear resistance of the section,VRd,s;
cl. 6.2.3 𝐴𝑠𝑤 = 0.504 × 432 × (460/1.15) × cot 22.8 = 207 kN 207
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 𝜃
Equ. (6.8) 𝑠 min (V ;V ) ≥ V => 207>85.7kN OK
Rd,s Rd,max Ed
cl. 7.4 Deflection check
Support type = Interior span of continuous beam or slab K= 1.5 K=1.5
Eq. (7.17) σs = (19.5/ 27) × (500/1.15) = 314 MPa ≈ 310 MPa assumed in the formula
Eq. (7.16a) 1.5
𝑙 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌𝑜 𝜌𝑜 𝑙 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌𝑜 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌′
Eq. (7.16b) = 𝐾 11 + + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 = 𝐾 11 + +
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌 𝑑 𝜌−𝜌 ′ 12 𝜌𝑜
where ρ < ρo where ρ > ρo
tension reinforcement ratio = ρ = 307/(200×459) 0.40% 0.40%
compression reinforcement ratio = ρ' = _ 0 0.16%
reference reinforcement ratio = ρo = 10⁻³×√20 0.45% 0.45%
Allowable span / eff. depth, L/d ratio
L/d =1.5×{11+1.5×√(20)×0.44/0.4+3.2×√(20)×((0.44/0.4)-1)¹˙⁵} = 28 28
Correcting for As, prov > As, reqd, L/d = 28 × 402/307 = 36 36
Actual span/Eff. depth, L/d ratio = 5300 / 459 = 11.55 11.55
L/d =36 > 11.55 -the beam section is adequate in deflection serviceability. OK
Check for cracking
Table 7.3 Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm
Sustained load at SLS = gk + qk 19.43 kN/m 19.43
Load at ULS = 1.35 gk + 1.5 qk 26.95 kN/m 26.95
qSLS/ qULT = 19.43 / 26.95 = 0.73 0.73
σs = fyd × 0.73 = [460/1.15]×0.73 = 292 MPa 292
Table 7.3 From Table 7.3N, for σs = 292MPa and wk= 0.3mm, crack width, maximum spacing = 135mm
The clear distance between bars on the tension face is
cl.7.3.3 =[200 – 2 × (25 + 8) – 2 × 16]/1 = 102mm 102
Bar spacing = 102 mm < 135 mm OK
The beam detail is satisfactory with regard to cracking.

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Project: Proposed Residential Development on Plot LR No. KABETE/LOWER KABETE/242
Client: JOHN PETER WANJAU NJOROGE Made By: Date: Page
OB 12-Oct-23 1
Checked By: Drg No: Job No
PRINT
OB 05/2020/OB/OB 1
Sketch(s) of beam section
2T16-02 1T16+2T16-02/03

150
500 500
T8-04-@200c/c

2T16-01 2T16-01
200 200
EC2-1.1 Mid-span Support
cl.2.2.2 NOTE: -Curtailment for T16 over support is 400mm
cl.2.2.3 -Lap length for T16 will be 400mm respectively
cl.2.2.4 -Hook length for T16 & T8 will be 100 & 50mm respectively

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