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Aim
To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic

Induction
Introduction
Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which
the magnetic field is produced by electric
current. The magnetic field disappears when
the current is turned off.
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Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of
a potential difference (voltage) across a
conductor when it is exposed to a varying
magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction is
when an electromagnetic field causes
molecules in another object to flow. Induction
can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in
ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio
transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon

where an emf is induced when the magnetic
flux linking a conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the

magnetic flux density and the area normal to
the field through which the field is passing. It is
a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber
(Wb).

Principle
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just

induction) is a process where a conductor placed in a
changing magnetic field (or a conductor moving
through a stationary magnetic field) causes the
production of a voltage across the conductor. This
process of electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes
an electrical current, it is said to induce the current.
Theory
INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the
discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have
been anticipated by the work of Francesco
Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph
Henry made a similar discovery, but did not publish
his findings until later.

Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then
an e.m.f. will be generated in the coil. This
effect was first observed and explained by
Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be
generated either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux
relative to each other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of
magnetic flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while

the flux is changing.
For example, consider two coils as shown in

Following Figure.

Working and Construction
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a

magnetic field because the magnetic lines of force are applying a
force on the free electrons in the conductor and causing them to
move. This process of generating current in a conductor by placing
the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction. This
is called induction because there is no physical connection
between the conductor and the magnet. The current is said to be
induced in the conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement
for this electromagnetic induction to take place is that the
conductor, which is often a piece of wire, must be perpendicular to
the magnetic lines of force in order to produce the maximum force
on the free electrons. The direction that the induced current flows
is determined by the direction of the lines of force and by the
direction the wire is moving in the field. In the animation above the
ammeter (the instrument used to measure current) indicates when
there is current in the conductor.
Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux according
to Faraday’s Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it
produces a current whose magnetic field opposes the change
which produces it. The induced magnetic field inside any loop of
wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In
the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field
acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in
the direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant.

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday’s law of induction due
to relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is
the phenomenon underlying electrical generators.
When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a
conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force is
created. If the wire is connected through an electrical
load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is
generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion
to electrical energy.
Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday’s law is also responsible
for electrical transformers. When the electric current in
a loop of wire changes, the changing current creates a
changing magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this
magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic
field as a change in its coupled magnetic flux, dΦB/dt.
Therefore, an electromotive force is set up in the
second loop called the induced EMF or transformer
EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected through
an electrical load, current will flow.

Observation
Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage is

produced.
Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater
induced voltage.
Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has
greater number of turn and greater voltage is induced.
Conclusion
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed

and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth
century, describes a very important electro-magnetic
concept. Although its mathematical representations are
cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp: it
relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic
magnetic field. This concept has many far-reaching
ramifications that touch our lives in many ways: from the
shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can
all appreciate the profound impact Faraday’s Law has on us.

Application of Electromagnetic Induction in Real
Life
The principles of electromagnetic induction are

applied in many devices and systems, including:
Electrical generators
Induction motors
Induction sealing
Inductive charging
Transformers
Wireless energy transfer
Wireless charger
Bibliography
Wikipedia.co
Google search engine
www.youtube.com/knowledgecycle
www.knowledgecycle.in
Physics NCERT book for class XII

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Aim

To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic

Your paragraph text Page 1 of 8

Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon

Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the

Your paragraph text Page 2 of 8

Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just

Your paragraph text Page 3 of 8

Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while

For example, consider two coils as shown in

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Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a

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Your paragraph text Page 6 of 8

Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage is

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed

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The principles of electromagnetic induction are

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