Group 7 Research

Republic of the Philippines
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Olongapo City Sports Complex, Donor St., East Tapinac, Olongapo City 2200
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 318
www.gordoncollege.edu.ph
1
Examining the Implementation of Waste Management in

Olongapo City: Basis for Eco-Tourism Plan
A Research Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management
Gordon College Olongapo City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements of the COLLEGE OF
HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Gordon College
Olongapo City
Fernandez, Jan Naomi
Mahan, Noemilyn
Mañalac, Nikka
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 318
Satoc, Ricky Jr
Smith, John Mark
2023
City of Olongapo
GORDON COLLEGE
Telefax No.: (047) 602-7175 loc 318
1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The implementation of waste management has an impact on our Health
and environment as well as any future tourist destinations or attractions that
we may have.
According to Salonga (2019). Stated that, Disposing of waste has huge
environmental impacts and can cause serious problems. Needless to say, the
most important reason for proper waste management is to protect the
environment and for the health and safety of the population. It is a very
important topic that needs to be addressed, and everyone should be aware
why waste segregation can be the difference between the survival of the
earth and the worsening effects in the natural biological system. The general
populace is increasing and, correspondingly, the amount of waste is
expanding as well. If we view the statistics, we will see that there is a gigantic
zone of waste disposal everywhere throughout the world. Waste disposal
destinations are a big issue for the planet. Another important point to
consider is that segregated waste is often cheaper to dispose because it does
not require as much manual or mechanical sorting as mixed waste. Having a
proper waste management can result in the availability of valuable materials
to reuse. This can save money while potentially creating new jobs and
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business opportunities. Reducing, reusing and recycling your waste is
important for the environment, but it can also be profitable. It decreases the
amount of waste for disposal, saves space in landfills, and conserves natural
resources.
Waste management in the city of Olongapo has been a problem for
many years, but it hasn’t been fully resolved. In reality, if we fulfill our
obligations, we can improve our tourist attractions. If we want to be
appreciated in our places, we need to look after them.
Just like the city and its residents of Baguio City learned the bad effects
of improper waste management. Todyog, W. and Alvarado, J. (2021). Stated,
It is a good thing that the locals learned from the previous mistakes and
taken early measures and implemented different ordinances adrresing the
issues about solid waste management. Councilor Lilia A. Fariñas, one of the
councilors in Baguio City, authored and proposed an ordinance embracing the
Bigay Dangal sa Kabuhayan (BIDAKA) program as a means of livelihood for
residents as one of the alternative and practical solutions to the solid waste
management problems of the city (See, 2020). BIDAKA focused on the
recycling and reusing of garbage materials like plastics to useful products like
schoolbags, money bags, seminar or conference bags, and the other
products. It also includes and encourages out of school youths and all the
barangays to active participating in the said endeavor. In this ordinance, it

City of Olongapo
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effectively and efficiently addresses the present environmental objectives of
the local government.
Todyog, W. and Alvarado, J. (2021). Stated ,Tourism is one of the
avenues that the government uses to promote its country and to generate
income. Because of this, its citizen has an obligation to preserve and maintain
the environment they belonged to. Sustainable tourism supports the local
economy and community tourism by purchasing local products, helping and
supporting the community and ensuring the financial benefits of people there.
This solves the social problems that result from a lack of employment and
helps to establish local people of their livelihoods. The key to a thriving
tourism industry is addressing how tourism can benefit a community by
developing economic opportunities, supporting socio-cultural policies and the
maintenance of a healthy ecosystem on which communities depend.
According to Adefisoye (2017), Increasing waste generation is
synonymous with growing urbanization and human development which can
be controlled by efficient and effective management. Some problems
associated with waste management can be very severe, particularly in
developing countries where technological know-how required for recycling
human wastes and processing them into useful items, are inadequate.
Consequently, poor waste management has constituted major hindrances to
healthy living, environmental sustainability and development of tourism
potentials.
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Waste management has an impact on our industries, just as the loss of
livelihoods caused by the neglect of our beautiful environment, which should
be able to help and grow while also being utilized in our industries or visited
by visitors.
According to Wang et al. (2017) This is an issue of critical importance for
the hospitality sector whose operations generate disproportionately large
amounts of waste. In most countries, waste is also one of the reasons why
tourist spots are ruined or disfigured as a result of environmental neglect and
regulations in place. As explained by Ball & Taleb, (2011). As the hospitality
sector continues to grow, it produces more waste. Some of the fast food
chains in Olongapo City produce the most waste because they accumulate a
lot of waste every day during the day when there are many customers, and if
the fast food chain does not have a good waste management policy, they will
be dumped garbage and cause a temporary close because they need a
solution. As stated by Arbulu, Lozano, & Rey-Maquieira, (2016). Hospitality
food waste holds implications not only for the developed, but also for the
developing countries where international tourism is growing and the levels of
public income are increasing, thus leading to higher consumption of food
outside home.
The implementation of effective waste management systems is crucial
for safeguarding both public health and the environment. Inadequate waste
management can lead to pollution, disease outbreaks, and harm to

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ecosystems. Furthermore, it can adversely affect tourist destinations and
attractions, deterring visitors and tarnishing the beauty and appeal of the
area. A well-managed waste system ensures a cleaner, healthier environment
for residents and visitors alike, promoting sustainable tourism and preserving
the natural beauty of destinations for future generations.
Conceptual Framework of the Study
This section of the study is centered on the examining the implementation of
the Waste Management in New Cabalan Olongapo City. Good governance
creates a strong future for a community by continuously guiding towards a
goal. In accordance to this in the first theory known as Systems Theory of
Good Governance of Bang and Esmark (2009), stating that good governance
relies on instruments of governance that nurtures and strategically utilizes the
self-governing potential of civil society under the strategic supervision of
public authorities, seen in mach diverse areas as employment policy, health
policy, education policy, bio-politics and accounting practices etc. It runs
parallel to the statement of Rouse (2015) that law implementation is the
carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan, a method, or any design, idea,
model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. As such,
implementation is the action that must follow any preliminary thinking in
order for something to actually happen. The statement describes that the
government utilizes its different agencies to carry out the implementation
processes of laws under specific areas. The aim of having good governance
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can only be fulfilled through proper implementation of the law. In relation to
this is the theory under
There are a lot of laws being implemented for the improvement of a
community; some of these laws focus on the environmental sustainability.
One of which is an ordinance known an the Comprehensive Waste
Management that is implemented in New Cabalan, Olongapo City. The
ordinance aims to discipline its citizen into proper segregation of waste and
practice cleaning in the community. It corresponds with the Waste
Management Theory of Pongracz (2004) claiming that the proper information
dissemination of the waste management can be trace as unified body of
knowledge about waste to organize the diverse variables of waste.
Management system as it stands today. The statement shows that the
citizens of the locality are the determinants of the overall situation in
cleanliness and segregation in the community and the successfulness of the
implemented ordinance itself.
Generally, the study revolves on the implementation of the Waste
Management ordinance in Olongapo City following the flow of good
governance as the base for a law or an ordinance to be implemented
effectively grounded with the theories on good governance and
implementation.
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1
Conceptual Framework of the Study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

How is the profile of
respondents be
described in terms of:
1.1. year/s of residency
1.2. sex
1.3. age
1.4. no. of family members

1. Data Collection
What is the level of -Survey
implementation of the Questionnaire
ordinance in the City of Proposed Eco-
Olongapo along 2. Data Entry
Tourism Plan
2.1 Waste Generation and 3. Data Analysis and
Storage Interpretation
2.2 Waste Processing and

Resources Recovery;
2.3 Collection and

Transportation of Waste
Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study

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Statement of the Problem
This study was conducted to examining the implementation of waste
management in Olongapo City. Specifically, it seeks to find answers to the
following:
1. How is the profile of respondents be described in terms of:
1.1. year/s of residency;
1.2. location;
1.3. sex;
1.4. age; and
1.5. no. of family members?
2. What is the level of implementation of the ordinance in the City of
Olongapo be describe in terms of;
2.1 waste Generation and Storage;
2.2 waste processing and resources recovery; and
2.3 collection and Transportation of Waste?
3. Is there a significant difference in the implementation of the waste
management when grouped according to its domain.
4. What plan may be proposed based on the result of the study?
Hypothesis
1. There is no significant difference in examining the implementation of the
waste management when grouped according to profile variables.

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Scope and Delimitation
The primary goal of this study is to establish the extent of respondents'
awareness of waste management implementation in New Cabalan, Olongapo
City. Residents of New Cabalan, Olongapo City, shall be the major
respondents for this research project. Because the goal of the study is to
examine waste management implementation in New Cabalan, it will be limited
to responses from New Cabalan residents. It will also be restricted to their
personal narrative and experience, depending on their response. The
researchers will use these responses to identify New Cabalan locals'
knowledge of waste management, which could help in the creation of a new
eco-tourism plan and how they can effectively take care of their surroundings.
Significance of the Study
Barangay captain
The barangay captain can potentially benefit in several ways from the
research titled "Examining the Implementation of Waste Management in
Olongapo City: Basis for an Eco-Tourism Plan," depending on their role,
involvement, and the outcomes of the study. Here are some potential benefits
for a barangay captain:
Informed Decision-Making: The research findings can provide the
barangay captain with valuable information about the current state of waste
management within their specific barangay or district. This knowledge can

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help them make informed decisions regarding waste management policies
and initiatives at the local level.
Improved Resource Allocation: Armed with insights from the research,
the Barangay Captain can allocate resources more effectively to address
waste management issues within their barangay. This could include budget
allocations for waste collection, recycling programs, or community education
initiatives.
Enhanced Environmental Stewardship: A barangay captain who is
committed to environmental sustainability may find the research results
beneficial in promoting eco-friendly practices within their barangay. They can
use the information to encourage residents to participate in waste reduction
and recycling efforts.
Support for Eco-Tourism Development: If the research identifies
opportunities for eco-tourism development in the barangay, the barangay
captain can play a pivotal role in supporting and promoting such initiatives.
This can contribute to local economic growth and job creation.
Collaboration with Local Authorities: The barangay captain may collaborate
with the city government and other barangays to implement city-wide waste
management policies and strategies based on the research findings.
Cooperation can lead to more effective waste management across the city.
Positive Community Relations: Taking proactive steps based on the research
can enhance the barangay captain's reputation among residents,

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demonstrating a commitment to addressing environmental concerns and
improving the quality of life in the barangay.
Residents and Community Members: Residents can benefit from
improved waste management practices, which can lead to a cleaner and
healthier living environment.
Researchers and Academics: Scholars and researchers interested in waste
management, environmental science, and sustainable tourism can use the
research findings for their academic work and further research.
Parents in New Cabalan can benefit from the research titled "Examining the
Implementation of Waste Management in Olongapo City: Basis for an Eco-
Tourism Plan" in several ways, as follows:
Healthy Environment for Children: Effective waste management practices
contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment. Parents can enjoy peace of
mind knowing that their children are growing up in an environment with
reduced pollution, which can lead to improved overall health.
Reduced Health Risks: Proper waste management can minimize the risk
of diseases associated with poor sanitation and waste disposal. Parents can
expect a lower incidence of illnesses related to contaminated water or air,
benefiting both their children's health and family finances.
Improved Quality of Life: A cleaner and more environmentally conscious
city can lead to an improved quality of life for families. Parents may
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experience reduced stress related to environmental concerns and enjoy a
better overall living environment.
Students can benefit from the research titled "Examining the
Tourism Plan" in several meaningful ways:
Environmental Education: The research can serve as a valuable
educational resource, helping students better understand the importance of
waste management, environmental conservation, and sustainability. It can
complement classroom learning with real-world examples and applications.
Environmental Awareness: The research can help raise awareness
among students about the environmental challenges facing their city and our
planet. This awareness can lead to more environmentally responsible
behaviors and a sense of personal responsibility for the environment.
Community Engagement: Students may become more engaged in local
environmental initiatives and community activities related to waste reduction,
recycling, and eco-tourism development. This engagement can provide them
with practical experience and a sense of civic responsibility.
Future researchers can benefit from the research titled "Examining the
Tourism Plan" in several ways:
Foundation for Further Research: The research provides a foundation of
knowledge and data regarding waste management and eco-tourism in

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Olongapo City. Future researchers can build upon this research by conducting
more in-depth studies, exploring specific aspects, or investigating changes
over time.
Reference Material: The research can serve as a valuable source of
reference material for future studies related to waste management,
environmental conservation, tourism, and sustainability in similar urban
contexts. Researchers can cite and draw upon the findings and methodologies
presented in this study.
Comparative Studies: Future researchers can use the research as a basis
for comparative studies with other cities or regions facing similar challenges.
This comparative analysis can provide insights into best practices and lessons
learned from different contexts.
Identifying Research Gaps: The research may identify gaps in knowledge
or areas that require further investigation. Future researchers can focus on
addressing these gaps to gain a deeper understanding of the issues at hand.
Methodological Insights: Future researchers can learn from the research's
methodology, including data collection, analysis techniques, and survey
instruments. This can help them design their own research projects
effectively.
Definition of Terms
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Waste Management: The processes and practices involved in collecting,
transporting, treating, and disposing of waste materials in a manner that is
environmentally responsible and safe.
Implementation: the act of putting policies, plans, or programs into
action. In the context of the research, it refers to the execution of waste
management strategies and initiatives in Olongapo City.
Eco-Tourism: tourism that focuses on responsible and sustainable travel to
natural areas, emphasizing conservation, education, and community
engagement. It's important to provide a clear definition of eco-tourism and its
principles.
Plan: A systematic proposal or strategy outlining actions, goals, and
objectives. In this context, it refers to a detailed proposal for developing eco-
tourism in Olongapo City based on waste management practices.
Waste generation involves the production or creation of solid, liquid, or
gaseous waste substances that are no longer needed, wanted, or useful to
individuals, households, businesses, or industries.
Storage refers to the temporary containment or holding of waste materials,
whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, before they are further processed,
transported, treated, or disposed of as part of the waste management
process.
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Waste processing refers to the various methods and techniques used to treat,
transform, or convert waste materials in order to reduce their volume,
mitigate environmental impacts, and prepare them for safe disposal or reuse.
Resource recovery refers to the process of retrieving valuable materials,
energy, or resources from waste streams, either before or after waste
processing, with the goal of reducing waste, conserving resources, and
minimizing environmental impacts
Chapter 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the detailed research design, locale of the study,
respondents of the study, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and
statistical treatment that will be used in the study.
Research Design
In this study, where the researchers used a Quantitative method of research.
According to Asio (2021), this research involves understanding certain
characteristics of a phenomenon or sample of population in terms of
numerical representation. This type of research usually uses statistical
tools/instruments, either descriptive and/or inferential to deal with the
gathered data from the samples involved in the study. Quantitative research
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also involves certain numbers of respondents (in terms of sample) that will
represent a definite population for the study. Additionally, it involves a larger
sample, and do not require relatively a longer time for data collection.
However, it has limitations that quantitative research takes snapshots of a
phenomenon: not in-depth, and overlook test-takers’ and testers’ experiences
as well as what they mean by something Rahman (2020). This study will
address about the examining the implementation of waste management in
New Cabalan, Olongapo City.
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted at New Cabalan, Olongapo City. Also known
as the popular folklore tale about the origin of the word “cabalan,” it was
coined from the Filipino word “kaban,” uttered by an Aeta settler when asked
by an American serviceman what he was carrying while heading to the
relocation site. “Kaban” is a wooden box used to keep clothing in early times.
It has a population of 33,349 people, according to the 2020 census. New
Cabalan is located in the southwestern part of the city. It is divided into seven
(7) Puroks and one (1) Sitio, with a land area of 1,995.57 hectares. It is
bound to the north by Sta. Rita River, in the south by the Jadjad River along
Subic Bay Freeport Zone, in the west by Old Cabalan, and in the eastern part
by Dinalupihan, Bataan. New Cabalan is generally an upland area and is
estimated to be 100 to 200 meters above sea level. Also, this study is
conducted in New Cabalan, Olongapo City, where there are many people near
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the landfill to conduct and give surveys to the respondents that are required
for this study.
Figure 2. The Location Map of New Cabalan Olongapo City
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study would be the residents of New Cabalan.
The researcher was motivated to collect study-related information and make
conclusions from it. The researchers would be decided to use G Power Sample
size calculation.
Research Instrument
The researcher used a questionnaire as the main instrument for data
gathering.
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To gather the data required for the study, the researchers employed a self-
made questionnaire and adopted a questionnaire based on the statement of
the problem for the chosen respondents.
Part I elicits information on the respondent’s profile in terms of (a) years
of residency; (b) location; (c) age; (d) sex; and (e) no. of residency.
Part II will assess the level of implementation of waste management
ordinance in the New Cabalan, Olongapo City. The respondents can also rate
the question by answering 4 (always), 3 (often), 2 (rarely), and 1 (never).
Validity of the Instrument
The instrument will be presented to the research adviser and expert
validators for checking and revision. Suggestions for the improvement of the
instrument will be properly considered in the final form. The item noted to be
vague will be modified or changed to have the assurance that all items
included in the instrument will be clearly understood by the respondents. The
researchers will also conduct pilot testing to check the reliability and validity
of the instrument. By doing reliability tests, it measures the consistency of a
test or experiment.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers for this study will follow a few procedures and use a face-to-
face survey questionnaire to achieve the work’s objectives. The questions will
be carefully crafted to ensure that they are clear, concise, and easy to
understand. The researchers will also ensure that the questions are unbiased
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and do not lead the respondents in any particular direction. They provide
confidential information, which is only utilized to supplement and support the
collection of data for the study. Then the researchers use a probability
sampling method in which every individual in the target population has an
equal chance of being chosen for the study. This type of sampling helps to
reduce potential bias and provides greater generalizability, as it ensures that
the sample is truly representative of the larger population. With probability
sampling, researchers can use statistical techniques to estimate how closely
their sample approximates the larger population they are interested in
studying while also increasing their ability to make meaningful generalizations
based on their findings. Then the survey questionnaire would be distributed
to the respondents via face-to-face communication, which could be used to
easily distribute the survey questionnaire. After collecting all the data, the
researchers would systematize and tally the survey and analyze it.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers will use a parametric or non-parametric test
depending on the distribution of respondents’ data if it is normally distributed
or not.
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For a better understanding of the quantitative form of the description,
the Likert scale below was used in the assessment of the work values of
respondents.
SCALE LEVEL DESCRIPTIVE RATING
4 3.25 – 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 2.50 – 3.24 Agree (A)
2 1.75 – 2.49 Disagree (D)
1 1.00 – 1.74 Strongly Disagree (SD)
To assess the organizational commitment of employees, the Likert
scale below was also used.
SCALE LEVEL DESCRIPTIVE RATING
4 3.25 – 4.00 Very Satisfied (VS)
3 2.50 – 3.24 Satisfied (S)
2 1.75 – 2.49 Fairly Satisfied (FS)
1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Satisfied (NS)

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Colquitt, J., LePine, J., Wesson, M. (2017) Organizational Behavior: Improving
Performance and Commitment in the Workplace . (5th Edition). New
York. Mc-Graw Hill Education
B. Journals/Articles/Issuances /Periodicals
Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., & Saks, A. M.
(2015). Employee engagement, human resource management
practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal
of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(1), 7-35.
Masud, H., Daud, W. N. W., Zainol, F. A., Rashid, N., & Afthanorhan, A.
(2018, December 3). A Critique of Normative Commitment in
Management Research. International Journal of Academic Research in
Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), 1172–1191.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i11/5161
C. Electronic Sources
Boncz, I. (2015). Introduction to research methodology. University of Pecs.

City of Olongapo
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Cohen, Jacob (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
(2nd Ed). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
Eggins, H. (2017). The Changing Role of Women in Higher Education.
Springer Cham
Appendix A
PROPOSED PROGRAM OR PLAN

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Appendix B
Letter of Request to Conduct a Study

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Appendix C
Letter to the Validators

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Appendix D
Content Validation Forms

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Appendix E
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Appendix F
Computation of Validity Test of the Questionnaire

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Republic of the Philippines

Examining the Implementation of Waste Management in

A Research Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

Gordon College Olongapo City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements of the COLLEGE OF

HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Fernandez, Jan Naomi

Smith, John Mark

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The implementation of waste management has an impact on our Health

and environment as well as any future tourist destinations or attractions that

According to Salonga (2019). Stated that, Disposing of waste has huge

most important reason for proper waste management is to protect the

important topic that needs to be addressed, and everyone should be aware

populace is increasing and, correspondingly, the amount of waste is

zone of waste disposal everywhere throughout the world. Waste disposal

consider is that segregated waste is often cheaper to dispose because it does

not require as much manual or mechanical sorting as mixed waste. Having a

proper waste management can result in the availability of valuable materials

business opportunities. Reducing, reusing and recycling your waste is

Waste management in the city of Olongapo has been a problem for

obligations, we can improve our tourist attractions. If we want to be

appreciated in our places, we need to look after them.

of improper waste management. Todyog, W. and Alvarado, J. (2021). Stated,

taken early measures and implemented different ordinances adrresing the

councilors in Baguio City, authored and proposed an ordinance embracing the

Bigay Dangal sa Kabuhayan (BIDAKA) program as a means of livelihood for

management problems of the city (See, 2020). BIDAKA focused on the

schoolbags, money bags, seminar or conference bags, and the other

barangays to active participating in the said endeavor. In this ordinance, it

effectively and efficiently addresses the present environmental objectives of

the local government.

Todyog, W. and Alvarado, J. (2021). Stated ,Tourism is one of the

economy and community tourism by purchasing local products, helping and

helps to establish local people of their livelihoods. The key to a thriving

tourism industry is addressing how tourism can benefit a community by

developing economic opportunities, supporting socio-cultural policies and the

maintenance of a healthy ecosystem on which communities depend.

According to Adefisoye (2017), Increasing waste generation is

synonymous with growing urbanization and human development which can

be controlled by efficient and effective management. Some problems

associated with waste management can be very severe, particularly in

developing countries where technological know-how required for recycling

Consequently, poor waste management has constituted major hindrances to

healthy living, environmental sustainability and development of tourism

Waste management has an impact on our industries, just as the loss of

livelihoods caused by the neglect of our beautiful environment, which should

According to Wang et al. (2017) This is an issue of critical importance for

the hospitality sector whose operations generate disproportionately large

tourist spots are ruined or disfigured as a result of environmental neglect and

regulations in place. As explained by Ball & Taleb, (2011). As the hospitality

be dumped garbage and cause a temporary close because they need a

solution. As stated by Arbulu, Lozano, & Rey-Maquieira, (2016). Hospitality

developing countries where international tourism is growing and the levels of

public income are increasing, thus leading to higher consumption of food

The implementation of effective waste management systems is crucial

management can lead to pollution, disease outbreaks, and harm to

ecosystems. Furthermore, it can adversely affect tourist destinations and

area. A well-managed waste system ensures a cleaner, healthier environment