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student engagement with course content. Research shows that students who
participate actively in their learning, and in their overall tertiary experience, are
more likely to succeed (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). For example, in one study,
many students were permanently signed into Facebook, so they could frequently
engage with posts related to their course content, assignments and activities (Irwin
use Facebook comments to critique their experience. For instance, Rambe (2012)
found that students felt empowered to voice concerns about teaching methods,
course materials and institutional processes. They were also relieved to find that
were made aware of issues that affected learning and were able to address these
problems. This type of online interaction demonstrates how Facebook can be used
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to do group work or projects where they need to meet outside of class, but it may
be difficult for them to find a suitable time and place to meet. According to
others” (p. 215). Additionally, students may feel more at ease when learning in this
“informal and flexible environment” (Mazman & Usluel, 2010, p. 451) because it is
easy for them to exchange information (Sanchez & Javed, 2014). This flexibility
and ease of use means that students are able to contribute to an assignment from
their homes on opposite sides of a city at a time that is convenient and without
the expense of travelling to meet face to face. The ability to work at home may
provide spaces for group work is reduced. These examples illustrate the potential
for social networking sites to support collaborative learning. However, there are
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One negative impact of Facebook is its capacity to distract students from their
studies. For instance, Kirschner and Karpinski (2010) question whether students
are able to engage with academic writing or listening while using Facebook at the
same time. Studies have found that students who use Facebook have a lower
Grade Point Average (GPA) and spend less time studying than students who do not
use Facebook (Junco, 2012; Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010). A reduction in the time
spent on activities particularly seems to occur when students are feeling under
time pressure (Janković et al., 2016). Even as little as five to ten hours per week on
assignments (Rouis et al., 2011). These studies all point to a negative relationship