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MODULE 1-6: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

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MODULE 1-6: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

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Terms in this set (29)

Original

History

Derived from the Greek word Historia which means learning by inquiry.

According to Aristotle

History is the systematic accounting of set of natural

Phenomena, that is, taking consideration the chronological arrangement of the account.

Theories in investigating History

1. Factual history

2. Speculative history

Factual History

- plain and basic information

Answers the questions what, when, where, and who.

Speculative History

- Goes beyond facts because it is concerned about the

Reasons on why the events happened.

- Answers the question why

And how.
History

Deals with the study of past events.

Historians

Are the individuals

Who write about history.

Historiography

- Practice of historical of historical writing

Does History has its limitation? Yes or no?

The incompleteness of records has limited man’s knowledge of history. Most

Human affairs happen without leaving any evidence or records. If there are, there is no

Further evidence of the human setting in which to place surviving artifacts. With this

The past has perished forever with only an occasional trace.

Now, Let’s go back to the question does History has a limitation?

• The answer is No, our History doesn’t have a limitation rather our Historical

Knowledge. Why? As mentioned earlier, the incompleteness of records limited our

Knowledge of history. Which means that there are events that happened that we aren’t

Sure if it really happened because it has no surviving records. And because of that

Historians called that events as History as Actuality. This, History as Actuality refers to

The whole history that happened in the past. On the other hand, History as Record is the

Events happened with a surviving artifact and any other proofs from the past.
Historians

Tell history from what they understood as a credible part of the record, however, their

Claims may remain variable as there can be historical records that could be discovered.

That explains the Incompleteness of the Object the historian’s study

History as the Subjective Process of re-creation

Because of the incomplete evidence, historians strive to restore the total past of

Mankind. History becomes only that part of the human past which can be meaningfully reconstructed
from the available records and from inferences regarding their setting.

Therefore, historians aim for Verisimilitude:

Historical records therefore should contain verisimilitude:

Truth, Authenticity, and Plausibility.

Historical Method and Historiography

• Historical Method is the process of Critically examining and analyzing the records and

Survivals of the past.

• Historiography is the imaginative reconstruction of the past from

The data derived. By this, historians’ endeavor to reconstruct as much of the past of mankind.

There are

Four steps of Historical analysis:

A. Select the subject to investigate

B. Collect probable sources

C. Examine the Sources genuinely

D. Extract credible particulars.

MODULE 2

Level 2

Historical data

Is the data collected about past events and circumstances that pertains to a particular subject. These are
sourced from artifacts that have been left by the past. These artifacts can either be relics or remains, or
the testimonies of witnesses of the past. This are also the materials from which the historians construct
meaning.

There are two types of Sources in History:

A. Written Sources – Are sources that usually in written form.

B. Non-Written Sources – Sources that are not in written form.

Written Sources (3)

a. Narrative or Literature – These sources are chronicles or tracts presented in a narrative

form, it tells a story or narrates the story of the events. E.g Diary, newspaper etc.

b. Diplomatic Sources – are understood to be those documents/records of an existing legal

situation or create a new one. This source is also called as legal documents. Eg. Laws,
Memorandums, Executive orders, etc
 c. Social Documents – this are information pertaining to economic, social, political or
judicial significance. E.g Research findings, Records of census, civil registry, etc.

Non-written Sources (2)

a. Material Evidence – this is also known as archeological evidence. These artifacts can tell a great
deal about the ways of life people in the past, and their culture. E.g swords, relics, bones, etc.

b. Oral Evidence – sources that are transmitted orally. Eg. Tales, folk songs, interviews. Etc.

Two general kinds of Historical sources.

A. Primary Sources

- are original sources, the first-hand information. The firsthand account of an event or period that are
usually written or made during/close to the event or period. Eg. Diaries, journals, maps, speeches, etc.

B. Secondary Sources

- are materials made by people long after the events being described had taken place to provide
valuable interpretations of historical events. These are interpreted information also known as second
hand information. Eg Research papers, Articles, Editorials, etc.

Historical Criticisms

Many documents have primary and secondary segments. For instance, examining a newspaper as a
historical source entails a discerning mind to identify its primary and secondary components. A news
item written by a witness of an event is considered as a primary source, while a feature article is usually
considered as a secondary material. Similarly, a book published a long time ago does not necessarily
render it as a primary source. It requires reading of the document to know its origin.
To ascertain the authenticity and reliability of primary sources to be used in crafting a narrative, a
historian needs to employ two levels of historical criticism, namely external criticism and internal
criticism.

a. External criticism – answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of a historical
source by identifying who composed the historical material, locating when and where the
historical material was produced, and establishing the material’s evidential value

b. Internal criticism – deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a given historical
source. It focuses on understanding the substances and message that the historical material
wants to convey by examining how the author framed the intent and meaning of a composed
material.

MODULE 3

Level 3

Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)

Fernando de Magallanes also known as

Ferdinand Magellan was born in Portugal on

February 3, 1480. He was a member of a noble

Family in Portugal. He was the son of

At an early

Age, He got exposed in different expedition

Because of his family.

Magellan’s Parents

Rui de

Magallanes
Alda de Mesquita.

FIVE SHIPS: (namely with their captains

a. Victoria – Luis de Mendoza

b. Trinidad – Sebastian Elcano (The Flagship/Kingship of the Expedition)

c. Concepcion – Gaspar Quesada

d. Santiago – Juan Serrano

e. San Antonio – Juan de Cartagena

They found a shortcut in the bottom tip of

South America Continent. And later on called,

Strait of Magellan

Ladrones Island where later on

Called as

Thief Island

March 16, 1521 Magellan set foot on Philippine island of Zamal. Later on,

Called, as Samar Island.

Rajah Garas – Garas

The Rajah of the Humunu Island

Which was now known as Homonhon, Samar. From Zamal island, they went to Humunu

Island where then Magellan named the archipelago as Las Islas de San Lazaro
(Archipelago of St. Lazarus). Because they were celebrating the feast of St Lazarus

When they set foot on Zamal Island.

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