Tutorial :

Josine function :
-

Sinh(3t)= = (ew
-
-

~)
-) est
I Isinh13] flew:
-

aree
-Soreres So
[s-we--- rest]
: -

[ ]-= [siw]
*

=(sw-tr) I II
=

3
=Y (or): r

=
3 y
-

52 9
-
IE4]=
S

2
21
h

I I t2)
&

=
--
25 1
53
S

56Y45
!
2 :

2 [4+) =
5
--
I 120

-5t
e

2 [t2] :

S * 2 - &t ·

=[5- st]- f
Laplace of heavyside function
3) HCt-a) -

HCt-b] for O LaLb :

ne
sol
-

[[ACt-a)] -2 [HCt-b)] ·

f iCt-best
jat- abet
=

If cerases
giectasy- [Sict-by-t ficti
=

[O+ jest]-[o+ fe]

: -I-j]s
&

e [es]
-

39
-

-
86
I
e -
e
5 5
4 f(t) =

H(t -a) -

H(t-b) a LOLb ·

2[ACt-2)] -2[HCt-b)]
:

Sait-as-(4- b)

[Sit-se fee] fit-best

:
-

0 0
(Ebe] .

"
-De+/-)-[-] .

s
Elste") ]-7 est]
[se")! :

- [e]
=

-Ie"] correct -
FCS) =

Y
-

=IECS) = F(t) ·

2"IfCss) =
2 "[i]-2"[is]
n
=
1

2[R5 =

= c=
1 -
ZIE =
:
2"I']= 1
:

·
2 "I3]=t
>I + 3 =

2"["]-2" [Y]
f(t) 1-t
:

=15)
"
-
2 .

-
2
s 25 - 2
92 5 2 j
+ -

-
-
=

- (St) -2 (s+1) => (S-2) (St1) ·

S-1 A
=) -
I
+ B
--

CS-2)(St S -
2 St

...
 S-1 A
=) -
I
+ B
- -

[S-2)(s +1 S -
2 St

S -1
=

ACS+1) + B CS-2) .

S =- 1

2 =
-

3B B =
2/3
S
=
2-

1 3 A A
Yz
=

=
-

:. F(S) =

1 + -

3(5 -2) 3(871)

2 "If(s)] f(t)
=

1
2 [ext] :

5 -

2"[s] +
3 2 "[t] .

a
=

2 a = -
1

:
((t) =

= +
et]
Inverse
Laplace Transforms
mean
I(S) = S-1
.
3 ->

52-5-2
25 2
32 +s
-
-

-2 S -2
=

SCSt)-2 (st)
(S-2) (85)
·

S-1
f(S)
-=
=

(S 2)(3+)
-

s = 2

S - 1
=

A(s +1) +
BCs -
2)-
1
=

3A : A
=

Y3

S = - 1

-
2 =
-
3B

B
=

2/3 ..

S-I
- -=
1 +
1
315-2) 3C5+)
(S-2) (8+)

I"[ICs)] : 2[f(t)] .

*B :

2 [e] :

[a]
for
= 2"[stz]
a= 2-
=
f(t) 1 est .

for se :

=2" [5]
= ~ 1
a

-
fit)
-

=
e

et
: f(t)
=

ze +
2
-

3
 -

fCt) cos(It) cos(ht] -

⑳
= -

51wz
(eteI )
**

cos(2t=1
2 at 2
·

ea
] see
S
*

ICS a)-
=

1 IfCt,
-
cost(ct) cos(3t] et
-

fau
·

C (3t)
·

lette
- *
COS
-
:

I
--

-ecosst)
at

2
↓Let cos3t e
2 -
- *

I
I
2 I-(S
ent
&
-
S-2

-2) + 3
2 ⑮

1st
-] .

=L
I
int ,

S
Fouier Transforms
---

.
1 .

f Ct) : 2 .
fzCt) =
,

- - s facts :

Secre
int

F(wi)
-

-filte
S I
ti 0

I
-
int - -int
I inot -

f (t)e It
A
-

f (t) e
,
St It
, -

t
-

1
I v =

I
I
-int U=
t e dt -int -int

o = e v
=
e

⑧
-

-
in

Integration by parts
-

using

uffiea
A
-
-

~ind

T
A
E ent]
=

-Teo=-e = A

B =

fieir [e]
= E- in] I :

:
it I -in
I
-e-
--
Zing -
NCW32

↳ente w2

iii .
fict) =

fr(-t)

=face)
fIfec-t](w)
-
Few
 -I
: (fz(-]WL
: +g
Lein+1e
*

=
-I
-
w wa

iv filt) = f3 (1+t) ·

-
Faw)
I [fs(Ht)](w)
.

e
=

=fine
Fe I
.

·
eiw .

[ +ery-1]

Eit-1]= +

C-t)= fe(t) .

= =

I
Noise isfret ene
e

flaw .
Q2 Me
SinCt
:

O It
fCt)=
O otherwise

gra
*

sinct) en at

·42
it

I
·
it
-

eint It

i freit-it) i t

fret)-Cetedt
fillet
-Clust

! e It

iI -E* ]
 "]
x Er
ir

I - I
=
-i

e
it ee
I

S
.
E

=Fe
e

<-- w

I -
icw2 I
:
- 1
=-
1

--L e
-

- i 2
-
Zi
[1 w)
-

-w

inez

=First I
its
-

I
·

e
-

-
-
ie .

1 -
w --w

·
S
in - i
I

: Zi
-

.
i.e -

e
--
-- w
- w

-i in2/2

I
I -

-I Fe
-

I -
- -
I w
 in2/2

=Yet Fe]
-

->

-
I w

=Fe'tenhe
(e) (a)
+set
(1) (H

1 + w-n
w)
 t
&5 ACt)
-

↳
fateint Site* Site
⑧

0 ⑧

etint
into

I S it
-

- /
·

- S I

ti
if +

fattie
.

-E ItLe
(it- 0) To- ,w] +
 L I I
Hin
1- in

int
its
-

item" in

i .
H(w)= Lah(-w) .

2 =
25h( -w) -

Hw
w
substitute
·

+ =
-

25h(t)
=1
:

1 + (t 3

ni
: u

I
h(t) =

acitt
 -2 (t-sIds
Si
Sin
.

since .

=0

car
1 .

-
innz
I
iwe
↑ Go
-
=

-
2 -

ial

Fan
-

e
·

iw
- I
iwe
_

=e
·

--

- I
in(1-Yz) in

:
Twe ->
C

-
B .

a>0
.

if [t19
E!
- a

Hits
:

otherwise

-
How :

fin -

Fir]a
9 -int

S -
[
e :

Zin I
-
iwa

- C
--

-in

ins -
ins
e + 2
I -

-
in in
 ins · ins
e T 2
I - -

in
-
in

W ins
ins iws
-

-
e - C
2

e
--
:
in

it *
=

Zisin
e -

⑧ scol
Zisin(aw) 2=h(-w)
=

wi
t
=
-

Zah()
(a Gt)
:

Zysin
=

e
w 1

-
sin(at) sin(at)
C I
- --
-
zu I
aft
4 . trictl -

- k
a
=

2x

Signals E Convolutions
--
G(w) =

H(w) TF(w)
·

g(t)
=

(h =
ti) (A)
example
f() in the interval obse1 1 .

consider z
=

·
I -

cosine series
⑧ Compute : - foutier
-
-
- sine

- - Serieg

-n OL = 1 .

Fourier cosine:

fis
goteancos /
:

an=
/tas cos (i) v
Y

I's
_

:
cos(anal -

integrate by parts
.

=x
ns) -

I'm
 Sin(nz)
Stant
=x
-
-

sen

is
⑧

=
Sin(Sens)
--

zen

Eatin
I
-S-sinco)-cosco
Fin

Y
n + 0
o
+

Go =
fo de

findn [] = s - *
as :
=

4- 4 :
-

I t --
-

-
2
E 32 .

(ans
fourier cosine sents

cos(55x
f(x)
(20s(in) ↑cos(ins+
...

I
=
- +

foun series

f(x) =
Ebesin(arm)
br =

=)) sin (= )
.

Canal
Si . Sin

!
( -can
)
-
Fe
-

=2
xi
I

2T ↳in
ann)
+sincera]
-
(ans
-
2

:
2
Itan)
-
+
intens Site i
-

-27) 20]
e

-It
 -
2(-1) n = eve

-
-
zen

"

2 (-1) .
(-1) odd
n
=

2(-yn+1 E 2 .

- -

Zie
-

zn

: f(x) sin(aa) Sincea

E sin (inlo
:

⑧ Fourier Series
-

fal =

Got E ancos(2) +
Ebacos(m)
Secs cos(arm] an

2
an= -

(2) de

zf4 br =
. a) sin
.

.. a or
 Secs cos(arm] an

2
an= -

du
An= 2
frecos(2nnab
:
2
Tinn) firstI
Sin
-

=2 are e
-

cos(zurl]
-
z
"

2
Ttina) anal] I
tanz-
: ⑰

Sun) cos(2=n) cos(ob

I
Town
2 ot
-

: --
Time
-

42n2

tar]
-n
I
=270-0+ (1) -

ne
-

"2T ] Es I
=

-?

nevenl=- Zan
-
I
modds=
 (2) de

br =

zf4 . a) sin
.

= 2
I's sin Canada

2 kan I
and
=

_
e
Sen

Tann ,
n]e
=27
pan) +
sin i

e
n

=DJ
I El
-

En
 sin a cosine of en
compute 0221L
soln

1 =

1-

cosine series ·

calculation
rem
cos(bnb
ea"

I cos(bad de
cosbr
=

e
ibr
-be
/
-
2

ibn -
ibn

sin(bul I 2
-
-
e

2i

ibn
ihn

Jean
: de
e , e
-
2

carbli

=Ifrt + e
de

leatlet
Inee
ee
(a2 ib)
2
+
-can aeibeibertact ibe
-
-
-

az (ib)z
-

2
-

;blee)
an
gibt
I
2
-
eiber _

- -
2 927b

2 cos(bu)-ib 2isin(br)
an

I 2 .

-
· a .

-
2 aut bu

bsin(brl)
an

Cacos(ba)+
-
e
⑳
-

9162

show er
e
Sin(bulde (asinChal-bos(by
Se
-

an .

-Famebn] : To eby
=
! Felstib)m earibim]= fecibel
-

=jeiblm innee I
-

=Itibl-ebcatibl
a
-
- (ib>

Trib)-ebrcatibli
e

al -
amer
Gibs

ente-e"(atib I
927b2

i gebrI
-
bet

gettin

Ert-ibletter gett

alt be
S
since cos e
e(asin(ba)-ibcosca
en

er(asin(br)-bcos(bb I
 Fourier Series Tutorials
-
-

1f(x) =

x6 -even

ii .
feas
:
tan (32d

tan(-3a)
-
Saun (3m) Fan(3m) > Odd

ii) f()= Sin(a)-cos(2r -

↳ neither

iv .

f(x) =

xe + cos(a) .

= -
x +
cos(-2)-
--E-cos(n)
I
neither

Sin (2)
f()=
·

v . -

ze

=-
Sink2)- -> even

↳ sinca)

Odd
I [g(x) -g(w)] >
.

vi .
f(x) =
-

viif(= = [92)
+

g(r)] -> even

2: 2x10
:

.
f(x) = -1 -
z

f(x) = 1 OLnLZ

f(x +22) =

f()
-L-> L

-
E

->

(n e
f()=
+ Encos() - busin

fifalcos (in t zw
I
an=
=

** ) I
bu =

I fee sin (

22)cos( =Y
Go
((x +
=

I
2n
S2ncoscos =>

~
 -
2 . = 1 =zu
- *

Odd ( xx)
-
(i) 1)
function
,
-

is

e
br
fusin(*)
:. de sw
= t

A
-

Jef
da
=
sin
(nx)
-

Fe sin(rusda
⑳
-

S fanssin(ruldn
S
-
+

- &

Ssincnesdn+ gsin(n)
da
= I
-

I ⑧
-

Faul][J
=Iml+I+
+
·
=1
En
=>
-

sin
 -
- It in Si

I
= E-cD ,
E

25 -
↳
4 periodic
-

1 =

L
=

2
2n
=

f(x) - 1 2iLL-n

wi
= -

i Lx0
f(x) =
0
,
-

OLULE-1>
I

I
↑ ↑

1
f(z) 25
=

, -

0 : Lx <2n-
f(z)
=

neither odd/even

"f(x) Eancos( *** ) + busin (*)

&
=

an = Fa cost) du bu :

fam sin (a
 [Fcos(E) J,cos(
-
+

ken 2 i nee
8

=(n) -0] ]
- + n

fin 2 En
2

2 sin (n) + 2 sin(n) = n

:
2zn
Dan
an
=2
 (E)
ar =
coscol .

=If
It Siam+
z
-z
it) a

=(n) +

(a)=
nex
-
2

)
/
it(-x
1
+

2) +

If

0 ar 0
Y
=

1
=
- + =
-
 !
bu :

Jamsin(
Se (I
=

Sin

sinCE
fsin() t S d
I

I *
~E

"It Fel] [
-
2

F 2)+ +
+

]
-
-
25 90
+

2 ]: [ ]
b
In (1-(-)
=

-
 i
) since
2 in cos(Et
: f(x) -- !. -

iii - 2 periodic function .

1 is
2
-
=

I
· -

f(x) =

0- /xL0
!
-
1 x0(n)
f() I
= -

I
-

odd
function is neither ar
even

f =

&
2
+
Earcos()+Ebusin (*)
=

n 1

an=
I far .

cos(imm e

(F) da
br= I fie Sin

Go
fo cos(ann +
fias.cos(anal =xY-x[m]
I
:

- .

7
O
-

=fIcos(o) -

facoso
 =G] ! -Is
=-
1 :

Y :
No .

an =

fas .

cos(

=f cos(anntfarm
-
I
.
ess (anal du

ficoscinder Aftacos anal de

+

-Inul] (in_ siteI

-

incol]
Stn) -
,

Janet sit We
(e) fe)
0 #
=7Y
--
1
:
Eins C=n32
Eins

An =

-
1- <- 1)" -
:

(5n)2

br =

fi fi -
sin (E) da :

I
.
sin( = )
+

fin
④
sin (E ) da

= O I
fincanal-fisin (inst de

I
&

e
I Zin
W

-tin)+ Jean-
zer
-

in
(in)
(Ot i
 br = &

1 Ecoscam)+
f() =

+
I
sin (in i
ER

IV
.

f(x) =

0
-
ELsL -2

f(x)
=

1
1

E
vacuba
:
G
=

90 = 1
↳ f.
2) COSCE)

+
1

) Ihere I
- N
=

90
:

1
2 :
 Scos(en) ficoscans
an= In de

%] Tiny]x
-

i
-

[incans st I -

To-sten)) :
=

! Sin
(E)
but
freesin(andutfesaincand
a

-Tu]t [r)]a
-[ +

I
I )]
=

- +

[cos()-(yn] br
=

: f(z) =
sin(E) cos(tm) +at [us(z)-t
sin()]
=It Enn[os()-(y) sin(nal-sin(*) cos(nt .
v .

=
1
=
5
,
2

f(x)
=

(x1
:: br 0 -

function
=

us even
·

An =
~
Gat
->
Secos(= )

E ranaCont e
zo
0
3

I ?]
-

⑧ -
=-]
: 5 :

/
⑧
-
- 90 =
5 :
Anfie cos nx)-
-

Efficional-inst I
⑧

Inman]
J.
d
-O

Int e

2Tfr)- i
-) == I ) : an

: f(x) -- +

E ! cos (n
!
&4 Heal 2
Lx by
=
0 < 1

inXi
-

E-
~-·
2
-
-
I M

fineries

yet, rat
·
! ·

Sine setie

&

-
#
-
I
-
I

-3
I
-2-
! is
consie
series
43. For Fowler series

1 1 ;
=

fat --

g
+

E ancos(n)+Ebusin()
,

/ cos(
an =
.

do =

2(xd =

2
[ ] =

2 I2] =

an= 2
ficos(2nnaldu
=2
(anal zen
.

I'standI
0
O

2
sesin(2ann)
-
& an
-

nel]
-

Ran -(I
-2
 I 3
01
20 +
=

4 (in

=2
F-ini]
-san" i
I (7 -17
E
2