Theme: Human Body: The Digestive and Excretory Systems

DIGESTIVE AND
ExCRETORY SYSTEMS
Use Cordova Smart Class Software on the smart board in class to make learning enjoyable.

Activity item you shoud

Draw a healthy food and a junk food in the given space. Tick ( ) the food

at.

healthy food junkfood

The food we eat cannot be used directly by our body cells. It has to breakdown into
are absorbed by the body cells. The
soluble substances. These simple substances
Simple solubie suDstances that are absorbed by the
Dreakdown of complex food into simple
body is called digestion.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
any organs work together and help
in
digestion. they together tom the digestive
ystem. The mouth, food pipe, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas and

anus are the organs of the digestive system.

cience-4
 mouth

Jooupip
esopnag

iver-

ancreas stomach

small intestine arge nntestine

Unus-

Human digestive system

Mouth
The process of digestion starts in the mouth. The sharp biting teeth in the front cut the
solid food into tiny pieces. The flat grinding teeth
at the back
grind the food.
A digestive juice, saliva, mixes with the chewed food. It
breakdown the starch (a complex
carbohydrate present in food) into sugar (a simple carbohydrate). It also makes the food
soft and easy to swallow. The in
tongue helps mixing saliva with the food.
Food Pipe
From the mouth, food goes into the stomach through the food pipe
(oesophagus).
Stomach
The stomach is like a muscular bag. Here, food is churned and mixed with digestive
juices. These digestive juices are produced by the walls of the stomach. They breakdown
the food into simple and soluble substances,
Small Intestine
From the stomach, the food goes into the small intestine. The small intestine is a long and
coiled tube. Intestinal juices digest the food in the small intestine, The small intestine als0
Worda saliva: a digestve juice secreted by digestive glands present in the mouth
churned: moved around strongly
Cence
 receives the digestive juices from liver and pancreas. The process of digestion completes
in the small intestine.
The digested food is absorbed by the blood vessels in the walls of the small intestine.
It is carried to ditferent parts of the body by blood. The undigested food (that is not
absorbed by the blood vessels) goes into the large intestine.
Liver
The liver produces bile. Bile helps to digest fats in the small intestine.
Pancreas
The pancreas produces digestive juices. These digestive juices digest carbohydrates, fats
and proteins in the small intestine.
Large Intestine

The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine. It holds the undigested
food, absorbs extra water from it and forms stool (semi-solid waste). Rectum is a part of
large intestine. It stores stool for a short time before passing it out from the body.
Anus
Faeces are removed through the anus.
Function Of Digestive System
t breakdown complex food into simple soluble substances that are absorbed by blood.
Importance Of Chewing Food Well
When you chew your food in the mouth, the larger particles of food breakdown into
Smaller food particles. These smaller particles get easily digested in the stomach. All
useftul nutrients are easily absorbed by the blood in the small intestine. Also, when you
chew the food, a lot of saliva is released. The saliva contains the digestive enzyme. This
enzyme helps in the process of digestion.
NEED OF WATER
. helps in the proper digestion of food. It helps to dissolve minerals and other
Water
nutrients, so that they get easily absorbed in the body. It also helps to dissolve and
digest the soluble fibre present in food.
2. Water helps to remove waste sweat, urine and faeces. It prevents
through
constipation by softening the faeces and remOving the undigested food.
REGULAR BOWEL MOVEMENT
Kemoval of stool from the body is called bowel movement. Eating fresh fruits, green
Vegetables and whole grains, and drinking a lot of water help in regular bowel movement.
Tegular bowel movement prevents constipation.
Word Helnn constipation: condition of being unable to get rid of waste material from the bowels easily

ience-4 25
 Exercise For RevisionCd Smart Cass Sofnware pa the smart boDIrd in cas do these e
A. Tick M the correct answers.
Where does the process of digestion start?
moutn 6) tood pipe
(Cstomatch ( d ) small intestine
breakdown the starch presernt in food into sugar
Saliva (6)Bile
Water
Food
(d) None of these
passes trom the mouth to the stomach through the
a) liver ( o ) small intestine
( tood pipe
(d) pancreas
Which of the following organs produces bile that digests fats?

(a liver
( 6 ) pancreas
(C) stomach
(d) food pipe
B. Fill in the blanks.
1.
The breakdown of complex food into simple soluble substances that are absorbed by
the body is called gstoyexcretion)
ne
3.
process of digestion completes in the Intestine (small/large)
The
digested food is absorbed in the intestine (small/ large)
e
intestine holds
torms faeces. (large/small)
undigested tood, absorbs extra water
and
Faeces are remOved through the.
(rectum/anus)
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Living organisms perform a number of activities.
products are tormed. These waste
During these activities, many waste
productS toxic. These toxic are
in the
body and can harm us. So, they must be removed from the wastes accumulate
removal of waste products formed in the body. The process of
body living organisms is called
of
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra are the excretion
from the body. They are called organs that help remove waste
excretory organs. This system of organs that helps to
remove waste from the body is called the
excretory system.
Kidneys
The kidneys are a pair of
on either side of the backbone. Urine
bean-shaped organs. These are located just above the
is tormed in the walst
Substances. kidneys. Urine contains harmu
26 ience-
Exercise For Revision Class Seoftware
on thie smart boardan dass to do thhese exercises,
se Codona Smart
A. Tick (/ the correct answers.
1. Where does the process of digestion start
b)food food pipe
(a) mouth
(d) smallintestine
(c)stomach food into sugar.
in
breakdown the starch present
)Bile
(a) Saliva these
(c)Water (d) None of
3. Food passes from the mouth to the stomach through the

(a) liver
6small
) intestine
() food pipe ) pancreas
4. Which of the following organs produces bile that digests fats?
(a) liver b ) pancreas
()stomach (d) food pipe
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. The breakdown of gamplex fogd into simple soluble substances that are absorbed by
the body is calledgeStlon (digestion/excpetion)
The process of digestion completes in the ldil intestine. (small/large)
3. The diggsted food is absorbed in the Small intestine. (small/large)

4. The large intestine holds undigested food, absorbs extra water and
forms faeces. (large/small)
5. Faeces are removed through the anus (rectum/anus)

JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL - L.B.NAGAR

 Ureters
These are narrow tubes. They carry urine
from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder kidneys
It is a sac-like structure. Urine is collected
and stored here. ureters

Urethra

Urine is removed from the body through

the urethra
Functions OF The Excretory System
1. It helps to remove harmful products -urinary bladder
from the body.
urethra
2. It helps to maintain water content in
the body. Human excretory system

HEALTHY HABITS FOR PROPER DIGESTION AND EXCRETION

1. Eat at regular intervals.
2 Have a healthy and balanced diet.
3. Chew food well.
4. Do not overeat. It causes uneasiness
and indigestion
5. Eat your food at a clean place.
6 Always take your meals in a pleasant
atmosphere. Eat your meals in a pleasant atmosphere.
7 Do not run or do any heavy exercise
just after eating.
8. Have a fixed time for eating.
9. Have regular toilet habits. Do not hold
your stool and urine for a long time.
10. Drink at least two glasses of water as
soon as you get up in the morning.
Drink 6-8 glasses of water daily.
11. Eat fibre-rich foods like whole grains,
vegetables, legumes and fruits. at least two glasses of water
Drink
12. Limit your intake of foods that are rich when you get up the
in
morning.
in fat.

Science-4 27
 13. Exercise regularly. It causes sweating
Sweat removes waste from the body.
What is
your
14. Do not eat too many sweets and food? is it go
favourite
chocolates.
health? your
--

DOHOUDom
Junk food like chips, cakes, burgers and plzzas contain too much fats and
sugar, that can make a person
obese
Exercise For Revision se CordOVil Smart
ass Sofrwiate
GIss Sofwane
of the
sma boara ) CRbs tO do
these exe
A. Tick (W) the correct answers.
T h e process of removal of waste products formed in the body is called

(a) digestion (b)

excretion () respiration (d) all of these n
2. How many kidney(s) is/are present in humans?
(a)3 6) 2
3 d) 4
3. Which of the following is not a
healthy habit?
(a) eating at regular intervals
(6) exercising just after meals
() chewing food well
(d) eatinga high fibre and low fat diet
B. Match the following
Column A Column B
1. kidneys (a) stores urine
2. ureters (6) form urine
3. urinary bladder (C)removes urine from the body
. urethra d) carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Key Words
digestion: the breakdown of complex food into simple soluble substances
saliva : a digestive juice secreted in the mouth that converts starch into sugar
excretion the process of removal of waste products from the body

Exercise

(A) Short answer questons:

Name the organs of the digestive system.
What is the function of saliva?
3 Write the functions of the digestive system
Exercise For Revision on the smart brard in class to do these erer
s e Cordova Smart Class Software

A. Tick ( the correct answers.

is called
.The proess of removal of waste productsformed in the body
(a) digestion b) excretion respiration(d)
(c) all ofthese
2. How many kidney(s) is/are present in hupans?
(a) 1 b )2 ) 3 (d)4
3. Which of the following is not a healthy habit?
a) eating at regular intervals (6) exercising just after meals
(c) chewing food well (d) eating a high fibre and low fat diet
B. Match the following
Column A Column B
1. kidneys (a) stores urine
(b)
2. ureters (b) form urine
(d)
3. urinary bladder () removes urine from the body
4. urethra
(a)
(c) (d) carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL - L.B.NAGAR

 Why should chew food well?
4 we

5. Why do we need an excretony system

(0) Long answer questions:

1 Describe the human digestive system. Write the function of each digestive organ.
2 What is the excretory system? Write the function of each organ of the excretory system.
3. Write any five healthy habits to keep the digestive and excretory systems healthy

Application/Skill-based Questions,
Read the functions of the organs of the digestive system. Identify the organs and label them on
the given diagram:

1The organ that connects the mouth to the stomach

2 The organ in which food breaks into

soluble substances
simple and

3. The organ in which the process of digestion gets

Ompleted

4 The organ that holds undigested food and absorbs

extra water from it
(o) Drawa labelled diagram of the human excretory system.

Think and Answer:

1. Riya is suffering from constipation. Which type of food should she include in her diet?
2. Dolly eats burgers and chips daily. Is this good for her health? Why/Why not?

Mone To Do
To observe digestion in mouth
You need :A piece of bread

Method: Take a small piece of plain bread. Chew it well.

Observation : After some time, while chewing you notice a change in the taste ot bread. It
starts tasting
weeter,

Conclusion : Your saliva has acted upon the bread and converted it into sugar

Tntogration LANGUAGES
Write a letter to your best friend. Tell him/her about the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables.

HEALTHAND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Drink a glass of lukewarm water daily in the morning. It helps remove toxins from the body and thus, is
Bood for Our health.

cience-4
 Applicacion/skill-based Questions
Read the functions of the organs of the digestive system. Identify the organs and label them on
the given diagram:
1. The organ that connects the mouth to the stomach
2. The organ in which food breaks into simple and Food pipe
****
soluble substances
3. The organ in which the process of digestion gets
Stomach..
completed
4. The organ that holds undigested food and absorbs Small.intestine
extra water from it
Large.intestine
Draw a labelled diagram of the human excretory system.

JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL L.B.NAGAR

Dawa labeled dagam of the human excretory pstem. 1)Riya should eat fresh fruits, green
Think and Answer:
Riya is suflering from constipaton. Which type of food should she indlude in her diet? vegetables and whole grains.
2 Doly eatsburgers and chips daily, sths good for her heath? Why Why not?

Hore To Do
To observe digeston in mouth
You need:A piece of bread 2) It is not good for dolly because burgers
Method :Take a smallpiece of plain bread. Chew t well.
Observaton :After some time, while chewing you notice a change in the taste of bread. t
starts tasting and chips Contain too much fat and sugar
sweeter
Concusion : Your salia has acted upon the bread and converted it into sugar which make the person obese.
LANGU AGES
7Mtsegation
Wwtealeterto your bes friend Tel impherakout the benefts ofeatng fruts and vegetabe
HEALTH AND PH SiCAL EDUCATION
Drink a gas of lukewarm water daily in the morning it helps remove touins from the body and thus, is

good for our health.

Science-4

JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL - LB.NAGAR

 STD SEC ROLLNo. SUB.
Teachers
S. No. Date TItle Page No. Sign
RemarkS

1 aao2 neund Ku
2202o s-4 Pank f a plant and
thein es

3. s2020 Ls-1Jod we eat

418142020 -2 he Jeeth
5 9u1l2020 L4-3igestiue ancd
Erseldy Systems
 MindMop
Human Body

Encnetey System
inestve Sulen
Mouth Ridheys
Tood pipe
stemath Urelens
Uinouy Bladder
Lver
Panoeas Ustetbra
Small Inlestine
nge Jntesline
Anus
and Enenetien
Healthy holkets ho puepet igeslien
 BANNU
Data
Poge

Date 3 iqesliue and Encrildy Sydlems

Lpen Book st (oBT):

1. Keutite the hollewin sentences by eplaLung
the Lunderulined wdd:

a)Bile bhcaks dedn the standh ino sugan

A) Salwa lieaks den the stanch nlo_suga?

b)hefucress ofdigestion Lempletes in large inlesline

A)he uoces digestien conpleles in small intestine-

2.Name the hgans the digesuuve syslem

A dgans of the cigesliune system ase
1. Moulh 5. Pancheas
2 Jood pipe 6 Small Jntestine
3. Stemach 1 Lange Intestine
4Liven 8.Anus
TL d s to jecu
H
H
1digesiam
alsdaled

3 lomach

4Lnlestine

salius
10Coslapalion

12 a

4 Aninary Atadder
15Lhelhua
einli to sememlen
*The Aler.ach Llike a musculan Jing Hlexe, boecd
Ih chunned and ited auith
digeltiun juices
* h e luer neduces Lile. Bile hds lo diges
jal anthe
small inlesline.
he digestiue juices4uoducedy panckeas
hd ta diqet Lashehuydsoles, prat and mcicink
An he eriall inlesline

ehinilim1

12iqesticnhe Incakdeunmacemplx jeed inlo

ainple seliulte sulnlances thal ane
alseled by the Lody called
digesluer
 ExChelunn hepuoces emeual wnsle icdauca
fdmed uh the Lady of liuing
aganua Lollad2kcnelicm

VAnsue he Jolleuing

1escrile the pece of digeslian an the maulih.

Ahefure digestinslanh un Ihe meulh
Teelih helys an grinding and chcung the
oed
h e Zengue hels ar mLKang Ahe hond l h

saliua
0Saliun makes thekeed setand catlo
sualle

2hal h keel movement Lst any tan4od ilim

hak heps in egulan bosel mavemnt
R he ieual stet iemhe bedy
called leuel nmemnk
Jash us qteen ugetalles,-Lhode ghains and-
 lot of umlen eurl
drinkin a
hely inequlas
mmcemeco
3. pncnliale Lelien smallinledine and lasqe
nlestne

a l incslac golestine

1Small inlesline a ange inlestine ides

Ieng ceiled
nd d shalen han smal
tule. irlestinte.
a. Jhe digesd fod halds the aundigeslid
the
abseledd the b d and alscils
daed uscls in the
dlds f s e n a l l lnkslae
saLnles scm
 1he telaung gua Cganuse() brile the unclicr tacelas syim.
Lormghele
Ahfunchans tcele sem anE
E belps to emeE hamul pacdach em he
umeues Joas
diseties and
dige e theugh sital, helps t
rmainlain anlar cerilerkan ke leda-
Lwvine anid u e

Gue Reasen
ezd
1Exesci ugula
A ie sheuld caesci equlatls as i t tauses
saealing
and x a k remevesLisle semIhe ody
diweues
minesals and
TLuleien digcsuer
H Humaw digettive yslon

ferd pipe
(oesophogu6

Livet
Stnac

Paroua

lange
intrstihe

Srnall
ilesine

anus

12:28 PM
GH YOU 8et up in tne morni
Human avitiy syslam

Kidnays

wreles

Uunaty
bladde'
Uncthra

12:28 PM-
when you get up in the morni