GROUP MEMBERS

1 NOBEL YOHANNIS ID RNS-7348/21

2 TIBEBU MOLA ID RNS-
3 DANIEL EDEO ID RNS-5754/21
4 MARISHET BELACHEW ID RNS-3889/21
5 AFOMIA GASHAW ID RNS-4054/21

course
[workshop]

WORKSHOP SITE REPORT

[Kidane mhret church]
Found near to dilla university semera branch
Table of Contents

1. Introduction..........................................................................................................2
2. Objectives ............................................................................................................3
3. Detail Analyzes and Description .........................................................................3
3.1. Masonry work................................................................................................4
3.1.1. Material ...................................................................................................4
3.1.2. Instrument ...............................................................................................5
3.1.3. Mode of Implementation .........................................................................9
3.1.3.1. Foundation ...........................................................................................9
3.1.3.2. Colons ..................................................................................................9
3.1.3.3. Wall, windows and Doors ..................................................................11
3.1.3.4. Roofs and Domes ...............................................................................12
3.2. Carpentry work ............................................................................................12
3.2.1. Material .................................................................................................13
3.2.2. Instrument .............................................................................................13
3.2.3. Mode of Implementation .......................................................................14
3.3. Safety ...........................................................................................................15
4. Conclusion .........................................................................................................18
5. Recommendation ...............................................................................................18
 1. Introduction

what is workshop?
A workshop is a space or facility where people engage in hands-on activities related
to a particular craft, trade, or hobby. Workshops can be found in a variety of settings,
including schools, community centers, businesses, and private homes.

Workshops can be used for a wide range of activities, such as woodworking,

metalworking, electronics, automotive repair, and art. They typically contain tools
and equipment specific to the activity being performed, as well as workbenches,
storage areas, and safety equipment.

Workshops can be used for both personal and professional purposes. For example, a
hobbyist might use a workshop to build furniture or work on a car, while a
professional might use a workshop to manufacture products or repair equipment.

Workshops can also be used for educational purposes. Schools and community
centers often offer workshops as part of their curriculum or as extracurricular
activities. These workshops can provide students with hands-on experience and help
them develop skills that can be used in future careers.

Overall, workshops are important spaces for people to engage in hands-on activities,
learn new skills, and pursue their interests and passions.

A work shop may be a room, rooms or building which provides both the areas
and tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair of
manufactured goods. workshops were the only places of production until the advent
of industrialization and the development of larger factories.
In the 20th AD 21st century, many homes contained a work shop in either the
garage, basement, or an external shed. home workshops typically contain a
workbench, hand tools, and other hardware. along with the practical application of
repairing goods, workshop is often used to tinker and make prototype.
 Some workshops focus exclusively on automotive repair or restoration
although there are a variety of workshop in existence today. woodworking, metal
working, electronic, water pipes, and other types of workshop prototypes among
workshop in common.
In other word, think of a workshop as a small event with a main goal providing
attendees with information value. a few examples of workshop ideas include
photography lesson, coding classes, creative writing session, and hackathons, but it
goes well beyond that.
Also, workshop is a small establishment where manufacturing or handicraft
are carried on like: workroom usually brief intensive educational program for a
relatively small group of people that focuses especially on techniques and skills in a
particular field.

2. Objectives

The purpose of this assignment is to make students participate and practice what
they have learnt from the given lecture and to let them more focuses on field studies
which is more effective than lecture that all of the group members have to participate
on the given site report assignment. the main objective is to gather detail from this
ongoing construction by doing this assignment students will be able to learn the
following workshop knowledges;
1) identify various types of work shop equipment
2) to able to engage with the course
3) to know the procedure to start up a building and finish up buildings
to induce students with the outside world.

3. Detail Analyzes and Description

We were able to communicate the general supervisor and the carpenter about the
current status of the church, the past events, and some future plans and estimations.
from the information we obtained, the church seems to be on the halfway between
the foundation and finishing works. concrete works were almost done, HCB was
built up to 12m from the ground, the arcs were shaped, most of the colons were
plastered, form works were being removed, mortars were no more mixed on the
ground and lifted up but they were prepared on the slabs. Plastering with mortar was
the main activity during our investigation. Furthermore, the detail analysis is as
follows.

3.1. Masonry work

Masonry is the construction of structures using individual units, which are often
made of materials such brick, stone and concrete. These units are bound together
with mortar to create a strong and durable structure. Masonry is a popular building
technique for a wide range of structures including houses, commercial buildings and
monuments. It is known for its strength, durability and aesthetic appearance.
3.1.1. Material

Masonry materials are the building blocks used in masonry construction. The most
common masonry materials include brick, stone, cleats (reinforcing steels), mortar
and tiles.
On the site we investigated, cement, sand, pebble, stone and cleats were the major
materials used. The foundation was dig only 3m below ground as the site was rocky.
The stones were locally available and were extracted from the ground by the use of
machineries and shaped out by human labor.
Cleats and pebble were bought from market as they were no locally available.
“Dangote” was the standard cement used for every masonry work. However, another
cement was also used according to the market when there is shortage of budget.
Sand was bought and brought to the site from a place called "Dintu" which was
regarded to be appropriate for the construction. Water was brought from the river
near the construction site using benzene generator and stored in tankers. Rain water
were also of great benefit saving benzene consumption.

3.1.2. Instrument

• Spirit level
• Plumb bob

• Alignment string/Mason’s line

• Hose level
• Straight edge/level
• Try square

• Measuring tape

• Block laying trowel

• Walling hammer/Mason hammer
• Club hammer
• Marrow
• Chisel

• Mortal barrel/drum

• Mortar spade
• Gauge box
 3.1.3. Mode of Implementation

3.1.3.1. Foundation
A building foundation is the base up on which a building is constructed. It is the
lowest part of the building and is mostly made from concrete or stone. The
foundation is designed to carry the weight of the building.
For the foundation of the site we investigated, 2 gauge box (100cm×50cm×30cm
length width and height respectively) of 0.2 pebble, 3 barrel (of the same size) sand
with 50kg cement concrete was mixed to fill. In the middle of the stones 3 gauge
box sand with 50kg cement of mortar was used. The foundation had a height of 1m
above ground.

The main bar cleats of the foundation were 8mm in diameter with erection bars of
the same size (8mm) which were arranged along straight lines with 60cm lap
between each beam. Each main bar cleat had a length of 12m. They were not joined
with each other to fill the 16m radius circular area. Four cleats constituted a single
beam at the foundation.

3.1.3.2. Colons

There were 3 types of cylindrical colons that varied in their size and/or number and
type of cleats which they were made of.
Around the nave (the main interior part), there were five big colons made of 8 main
bar cleats (24mm diameter) with erection bars of 8mm diameter which extended up
to 12m from the foundation.

The middle-sized colons were the largest in number. They are made of 6 main bar
cleats (16mm diameter) with erection bars (8mm diameter) and vertical length of
12m. These colons stand on a square pad of lean concrete which had length, width
and thickness of 1.50m, 1.50m and 30cm respectively.

The smallest colons were the dome's colons. A single dome had 12 colons which are
made of 4 main bar cleats of 10mm diameter with erection bars 8mm diameter.
The colons were filled with panel or timber as support and form work made of wood.
The concrete was lifted upward in a using rope. After filling (it might take days)
when the colon is dried ready, it will be watered well for several period of time
(weeks) before chiseling to plaster.

The timber and/or panel was well oiled before pouring the concrete so that it can be
easily removed when dried as seen in the figure above.
3.1.3.3. Wall, windows and Doors
The walls were made from HCB 20cm wide and 10cm near the doors. There was
mortar between each HCB starting from the ground up to the top on every floor. The
type of bonding used is stretcher bond. The windows and doors were made of
concrete and the contained arcs which served as roofs for each of them. As with the
colons, the arcs and the concretes of the doors and windows were also watered well,
chiseled and then plastered.
From the information we gathered, the walls will be plastered with stone Ashlar
masonry by the locally available stones later on.

3.1.3.4. Roofs and Domes

The building has five domes of which the central one is the biggest and it extended
from the 4 big colons at the central interior part. Each dome had 12 small colons
and an arc beneath them. The arcs were made of concrete using a formwork of
timber and panel.

3.2. Carpentry work

Carpentry work is the skilled trade of cutting, shaping, and installing building
materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete
formwork, and other structures. Carpenters work with a variety of materials,
including wood, metal, and synthetic materials, to create structures and
objects that are functional and aesthetically pleasing.
 Carpentry work involves a range of tasks, including measuring and cutting
materials, assembling and joining pieces, installing structures, and finishing
surfaces. Carpenters use a variety of tools, such as saws, hammers, drills, and
chisels, to complete their work.
Carpentry work can be divided into two main categories: rough carpentry and
finish carpentry. Rough carpentry involves the construction of structural
elements, such as framing, roofing, and flooring. Finish carpentry involves the
installation of decorative elements, such as trim, molding, and cabinetry.

Carpentry work requires a high level of skill and attention to detail. Carpenters
must be able to read and interpret blueprints and other technical documents,
as well as work with precision and accuracy to ensure that structures are safe
and functional.

3.2.1. Material

Wood and timber were the main materials which were joined with each other using
nails. Both were bought from the market as they are not locally available. The
timbers were used as formworks and are joined by nails simply. There we neither
halving nor housing and mortise joints.
3.2.2. Instrument

• Measuring tape
• Pencil
• Bench shear
 • Claw hammer

• Carpenters level
• Pry bar

• Nails

3.2.3. Mode of Implementation

The main work of the carpenter was to make formworks for the masonry workers.
Wood and timbers were joined simply by nails in a cross-sectional, t-shaped and/or
y-shaped way to support a given construction.
 3.3. Safety
Workshop safety refers to the measures and practices that are put in place to
ensure that people working in a workshop are safe from harm. Workshops can
be dangerous places, with a variety of tools and equipment that can cause
injury if not used properly. Therefore, it is important to follow safety
guidelines and procedures to prevent accidents and injuries.

Some common workshop safety practices include:

1. Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety

glasses, gloves, and earplugs.
2. Keeping the workshop clean and organized to prevent tripping hazards and
to ensure that tools and equipment are stored properly.
3.Using tools and equipment properly and following manufacturer's
instructions.
4. Ensuring that all tools and equipment are in good working condition and
are regularly maintained.
5. Using proper lifting techniques to prevent back injuries.
6. Following proper electrical safety procedures, such as grounding equipment and
using circuit breakers.
7. Having a first aid kit and fire extinguisher readily available in case of an
emergency.
8. Ensuring that all workers are properly trained in workshop safety procedures.
Overall, workshop safety is essential to prevent accidents and injuries and to ensure
that workers can perform their jobs safely and effectively.

In every workshop safety is strictly necessary to build any construction. For the
promotion of safe workshop environment, the awareness of the workers and any
person present near the workshop, using different safety materials (i.e., safety boots,
ware helmet, uniform, …), sufficient budget to provide the appropriate tools that
will reduce accidents are necessary. Unfortunately, due to lack of sufficient budget
and comparatively low payment for the workers, most of the workshops in our
country Ethiopia are not safe that is the probability for an accident to happen is very
high.

On the site we have investigated, starting from the uniform of the workers to the
form works construction the probability of accident was high. Most of the workers
did not have either helmet, safety boots, uniform, hand gloves or ear protection
except for those whom are able to afford for themselves. The formworks for most of
the constructions were wood, timber and panel. The woods and timbers were joined
in a manner so that they can serve as scaffolds. They were joined using nails in cross-
sectional or t-shaped way and there was no halving, housing, mortise or tenon joint.
The vertical timbers were stronger from the rest and are anchored to the ground. The
rest are nailed on them horizontally starting from 1.25m above the ground. The
workers stand on wider timbers (board) with the material and instruments they need.
For heights under human reach the workers loaded mortar using mortar spade.
Otherwise, smaller buckets were lifted using rope by human labor. There was no
safety sign or safety rule and regulation chart.

There was first aid box near the workshop for emergency. There was no fire
extinguisher assuming the probability of fire to occur minimal at the site.
However, the workers were careful and work actively by focusing on their work and
at the same time checking whether their work affects others or not. The instruments
were washed and made neat every day after work is done. As discussed earlier some
of the workers were equipped well. Ladders were finely placed and held on the
ground by workers to avoid slipping. The ladder was sometimes used as a formwork
for plastering. Most of the instruments were handy tools and there was sufficient
working equipment for both the masonry and carpentry works.
There was no electric material when we were investigating the site. The mixer
operated on diesel and the vibrator on benzene. The machines were operated by those
who know how to operate them. If necessary, some workers will be taught so that
the work will not be halted because of the absence of some individuals.

4. Conclusion

In general, despite of the limitations of the workshop in terms of safety, material,

instrument (to some extent), man power and other necessary things, the work had
been ongoing comparatively progressively without any accident that led to severe
injury or death. This is because of the workers focused on their work checking
whether their activity affected others or not. Budget was the major cause for the
decrease in progress of the construction. For example, in terms of safety, the building
construction committee could not afford the cost for fulfilling the appropriate safety
materials for workers. Not only that but also, it did not pay sufficient salary for the
workers so that they can afford to buy safety materials of their own. The salary of
the workers varied as their position. It ranged from 2,700birr (100 birr daily) to
13,000birr (500birr daily).
In addition, the construction was halted for 3 years because of lack of budget. Thus,
we concluded that budget was the main cause that affected the progress of the
construction process.

5. Recommendation
From the observation we have made, we were able to realize some features that
needed to get better. The workers were not formally educated except the general
engineer and the supervisor. But they had experience which lasted for years.
However, knowledge is needed to implement the work in the best way possible.
Thus, we recommend the workers to get educated as soon as possible for the good
of all.
Regarding safety, effectiveness of the construction, sufficient instruments and
material lack, budget is the main cause. We recommend the construction committee
to better alternatives to generate better budget to enhance the construction.
THANK YOU