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Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Questions Q2.
Q1. Many metals corrode.
Solder is an alloy of tin and lead. An experiment is carried out to see if magnesium ribbon wrapped around a piece of iron rod
has an effect on the rate at which the iron rod rusts.
A sample of a solder was made by mixing 22.5 g of lead with 15.0 g of tin.
The apparatus is shown in Figure 4.
Calculate the percentage of tin in this solder.
(2)
percentage of tin = ........................................................... %
The method used is
(Total for question = 2 marks)

• an iron rod, with magnesium ribbon wrapped around it, is placed in a boiling tube
labelled A
• 10 cm3 water from a measuring cylinder is poured into this boiling tube
• an identical rod but with no magnesium ribbon wrapped around it is placed in a second
boiling tube labelled B
• 10 cm3 water from a measuring cylinder is poured into this boiling tube.
Both boiling tubes are left for a few days.
(i) Explain why iron rod rather than stainless steel rod is used in this experiment.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) State why it is not necessary to use a pipette to measure out 10 cm3 water in this
experiment.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Q3.
(iii) After a few days the two boiling tubes were examined.
The results are shown in Figure 5.
A 695.0 g sample of an aluminium-magnesium alloy contains 2.00 % by mass of
magnesium.
Calculate the mass of aluminium in this sample.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Explain the results of this experiment.
(2)
mass of aluminium = ........................................................... g
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q4.

A gold alloy contains 78 % gold by mass.
Calculate the mass of gold in 2.00 kg of this alloy.

Give your answer in grams.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
mass = ........................................................... g

Q5. Q6.
Gold is often alloyed with other metals when it is used to make jewellery. Transition metals have many uses.
The proportion of gold in a piece of gold jewellery is measured in carats. The pie chart in Figure 6 shows the uses of one transition metal.
Pure gold is 24 carats.
A 9 carat gold ring has a mass of 12 g.
Calculate the mass of gold in this ring.

(2)
mass of gold ring = ........................................................... g
Calculate the percentage of this transition metal used in construction.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
percentage of this transition metal used in construction =

...........................................................
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Q7. Q8.
Iron objects can corrode when exposed to the atmosphere. Figure 12 shows a graph of the relative strength of aluminium-magnesium alloys when the
percentage by mass of magnesium in the alloy is changed.
(i) Corrosion involves the oxidation of iron.
State what is meant by oxidation.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Painting iron objects prevents corrosion.

Explain why painting iron objects prevents corrosion.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Corrosion of iron objects can be prevented by painting them or by electroplating them.
State one other way of preventing the corrosion of iron objects.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(i) Describe what Figure 12 shows about the relative strength of these alloys when the
percentage by mass of magnesium changes.
(Total for question = 4 marks) (2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Determine, using Figure 12, the percentage by mass of aluminium in an

aluminium-magnesium alloy with a relative strength of 103.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
percentage by mass of aluminium = ...........................................................

Q10.
Q9.
Alloys of gold are often used to make jewellery.
The purity of gold is measured in carats.
Copper is a transition metal. Different alloys of gold have different carats.
Magnesium reacts with copper sulfate solution to form copper and a solution of magnesium Figure 2 shows the relationship between the purity of gold in carats and the percentage of
sulfate. gold in the alloy.
Magnesium sulfate solution is colourless.
Describe two changes you would see during this reaction.

(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
A necklace with a mass of 5.0 g was found to contain 2.9 g of gold.
Determine the purity of the gold necklace in carats.

Show your working.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
purity of the gold necklace = ......................................................................... carats
Q11. Q12.
* Pure metals are often converted into more useful alloys. Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium and copper.
For example, aluminium is converted into an alloy used in aircraft, iron is converted into an
alloy used in cutlery and gold alloys are used in jewellery. The radii of the aluminium and copper atoms are shown in Figure 11.
These processes of alloying change the structures of the metals.
Some properties of pure aluminium, iron and gold are shown in Figure 12.
Figure 11
Explain why copper added to aluminium to form the alloy makes the alloy stronger than pure
aluminium.
Figure 12 (2)
.............................................................................................................................................
Explain how alloying changes these pure metals to make the alloys more suitable for the
given uses. .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

Q13. Q14.
* Pure metals can be made more useful by converting them into alloys or by electroplating Alloys of gold are often used to make jewellery.
them. The purity of gold is measured in carats.
Different alloys of gold have different carats.
Explain what alloying and electroplating are and how they can make metals more useful.
Figure 1 shows the percentage of different metals in two samples of gold.
(6)
Explain why 18 carat gold is stronger than 24 carat gold.
You may use diagrams to help your answer.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q15. Q16.
Aluminium alloys are used instead of pure aluminium in aircraft manufacture. (i) Explain why covering iron tools with a thin layer of grease prevents rusting.
(2)
Explain, in terms of the arrangement of metal particles, why aluminium alloys are stronger
than pure aluminium. .............................................................................................................................................
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Sacrificial protection is another way of preventing rusting.
.............................................................................................................................................
An example of sacrificial protection is when lumps of zinc are connected to the
iron-containing structure of an oil rig.
.............................................................................................................................................
Explain how the zinc protects the iron from rusting.
(2)
(Total for question = 3 marks) .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

Q17. Q18.
Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals. Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change
your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
Magnalium is an alloy of magnesium and aluminium. answer with a cross .
It is often used for aircraft parts.
Iron rusts when it is left in certain conditions.
(i) Figure 4 shows information about pure aluminium and magnalium.
(i) Figure 9 shows the apparatus used to investigate the rusting of some iron nails.
Explain, using the information in Figure 4, why magnalium, rather than pure aluminium, is
used for aircraft parts.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
Explain why the iron nail in tube A would rust but the iron nails in tubes B and C would
............................................................................................................................................. not rust.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) 63.0 g of magnalium contains 3.15 g of magnesium.
.............................................................................................................................................
Calculate the percentage by mass of magnesium in the magnalium.
(2) .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
percentage of magnesium in the magnalium = ...........................................................
Q19.
(ii) Magnesium is more reactive than iron.
Figure 10 shows an iron nail with a strip of magnesium wrapped around it, placed in
An iron bucket is coated in zinc.
some water.
Over many years of use, the iron bucket has been scratched and left outside in the rain.
The tube was left for a few days.
Although some of the zinc coating has been removed to expose iron, the iron bucket has not
rusted.
Explain why the iron has not rusted.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
State what would happen to this iron nail. .............................................................................................................................................

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) When iron rusts, a brown solid forms on the surface of the iron.
What happens to the iron as the rust forms? Q20.
(1)
A the iron is hydrated
B the iron is neutralised Alloy steels are made when iron is alloyed with other transition metals such as cobalt and
C the iron is oxidised chromium.
D the iron is reduced
Iron fences can be galvanised by coating them with a layer of zinc. When the layer of zinc is
scratched exposing the iron to the weather, the iron does not rust.
(Total for question = 5 marks) Explain why the exposed iron does not rust.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

Q21. Q22.
Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals. Give two advantages for electroplating some metal objects.
(2)
Brass is an alloy of copper.
Figure 3 shows the brass pins of an electric plug. .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q23.
Give one reason why metals are electroplated.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Brass is harder than copper.
Give a reason why using a harder substance for the pins is an advantage. (Total for question = 1 mark)
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Q24. Q25.
Rusting is the corrosion of iron. Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals.
(i) Water is one of two substances needed for iron to rust. Alloy steels are formed when other metals are mixed with iron.
Give the name of the other substance needed for iron to rust.
Cutlery is made of stainless steel.
(1)
........................................................... Give two reasons why cutlery is made of stainless steel rather than iron.
(2)
(ii) The rate of rusting can be increased by using sea water.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
Describe a simple experiment to compare how much an iron nail rusts in sea water when
compared to water. .............................................................................................................................................
(3)
............................................................................................................................................. 2 ..........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Q26.
(iii) Rusting can be prevented by galvanising iron which involves coating the iron with a layer
of zinc. Metal objects can be electroplated with gold.
A small iron bucket was galvanised. The surface area of the bucket was 0.68 m2.
Give two reasons why metal objects are electroplated with gold.
Calculate the mass of zinc required to coat the surface of the bucket with a layer of zinc
of 200 g m−2. (2)
(1) 1 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
mass of zinc = ........................................................... g

Q27. Q28.
Transition metals have many uses. *The pure metals aluminium, copper and gold and the alloys brass and magnalium are used
to make many useful articles.
Figure 7 shows five statements about iron.
The way in which these metals and alloys are used is related to their properties, such as
Put ticks ( ) in the boxes in Figure 7 to show which statements are true and which their density, electrical conductivity, resistance to corrosion and strength.
statements are false.
The first one has been done for you. State some uses of aluminium, copper, gold, brass and magnalium and explain how each
use is related to their properties.
(3)
(6)
Q29. Q30.
The apparatus shown in Figure 13 was used to electroplate a spoon with nickel. This question is about the metal gold.
(i) Gold can be hammered into shape.

State the name of this property.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Gold alloys can be used to repair teeth.

One reason that gold alloys are used is that they can be hammered into shape.
Figure 13 Give one other reason why gold alloys are used to repair teeth.
(1)
(i) State to what the anode and cathode have to be connected in order to carry out the .............................................................................................................................................
electroplating.
(1) .............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Predict the name of a substance that could be dissolved in water to form the electrolyte
for this electroplating.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
Q31.
In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react at the electrodes.
Some metal objects are electroplated.
State two reasons for electroplating a metal object.

(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

Q32. Q33.
Transition metals have many uses. In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react at the electrodes.
Most iron produced is converted into alloys of iron. The electrodes of a fuel cell are in contact with water and air.
The electrodes are made of platinum rather than iron.
(i) State why alloys have more uses than pure metals.
(i) State why iron is not a suitable metal for the electrodes of the cell.
(1)
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) An alloy of iron contains 0.40 % of molybdenum.
.............................................................................................................................................
Calculate the mass of molybdenum contained in a 30 g sample of this alloy of iron.
(2)
(ii) Platinum acts as a catalyst.
.............................................................................................................................................
State, in terms of its position in the periodic table, why you would expect platinum to act
as a catalyst.
.............................................................................................................................................
(1)
............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
mass of molybdenum = ........................................................... g

Q34. Q35.
The rusting of an iron nail was investigated by setting up three test tubes, as shown in Figure Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
6. One type of brass contains 70% copper.
Zinc atoms are slightly larger than copper atoms.
Draw a labelled diagram in the box to show the arrangement of copper and zinc atoms in
this alloy.
Use the circle in the box as a guide to the size of a copper atom.
(2)
Figure 6
State and justify the result you would see in each tube after one week.
(3)
A ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
B ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
C ..........................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

Q36. Q37.
Many metals corrode. Alloy steels are made when iron is alloyed with other transition metals such as cobalt and
chromium.
Hydrazine, N2H4, reacts with oxygen.
Figure 1 shows the chain on a bicycle.
N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2H2O
A metal in water corrodes faster than an identical piece of metal in the same volume of water
containing dissolved hydrazine.
Use the information to explain how hydrazine slows corrosion.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. Figure 1
............................................................................................................................................. Explain how lubricating the chain with oil prevents corrosion of the steel chain.
............................................................................................................................................. (2)
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 2 marks) .............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Mark Scheme Q3.
Q1.
Q2.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7. Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.
Q17.
Q15.
Q18.
Q16.
Q22.
Q23.
Q19.
Q24.
Q20.
Q21.
Q25. Q28.
Q26.
Q27.
Q29.
Q32.
Q33.
Q30.
Q31. Q34.
Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Q35.
Q36.
Q37.

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Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com Edexcel Chemistry GCSE - Transition metals and alloys PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Q1. Many metals corrode.

percentage of tin = ........................................................... %

The method used is

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Both boiling tubes are left for a few days.

Calculate the mass of aluminium in this sample.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Calculate the mass of gold in 2.00 kg of this alloy.

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Pure gold is 24 carats.

A 9 carat gold ring has a mass of 12 g.

Calculate the mass of gold in this ring.

mass of gold ring = ........................................................... g

Calculate the percentage of this transition metal used in construction.

percentage of this transition metal used in construction =

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(ii) Painting iron objects prevents corrosion.

(ii) Determine, using Figure 12, the percentage by mass of aluminium in an

percentage by mass of aluminium = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Describe two changes you would see during this reaction.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

A necklace with a mass of 5.0 g was found to contain 2.9 g of gold.

Determine the purity of the gold necklace in carats.

purity of the gold necklace = ......................................................................... carats

(Total for question = 3 marks)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Explain why 18 carat gold is stronger than 24 carat gold.

You may use diagrams to help your answer.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

(Total for question = 3 marks) .............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

percentage of magnesium in the magnalium = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Explain why the iron has not rusted.

State what would happen to this iron nail. .............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Give one reason why metals are electroplated.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

(Total for question = 6 marks)

(Total for question = 3 marks)

(i) Gold can be hammered into shape.

(ii) Gold alloys can be used to repair teeth.

In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen react at the electrodes.

Some metal objects are electroplated.

State two reasons for electroplating a metal object.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Zinc atoms are slightly larger than copper atoms.

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Use the information to explain how hydrazine slows corrosion.

(Total for question = 2 marks) .............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Mark Scheme Q3.