University of the East – Caloocan

College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Instrumentation and Control SY 2021-2022

PLATE NO. 2

STEAM POWER PLANT

Name: Alvarez, John Yhuloopz V. Date: 08/22/23

Section: 4ME-1A Instructor: Engr. Diosdado C. Doctor

 I. Introduction

Steam power plants stand as iconic symbols of human ingenuity, providing a

backbone for our energy needs. These mighty facilities are responsible for transforming
the latent energy in water into electricity, a process that has powered industrialization
and technological advancement for over a century. But before these monumental power
plants become operational, they undergo rigorous testing and experimentation in
specialized facilities known as test rigs. The exploration of steam power plant test rigs
offers valuable insights into the design, efficiency, and safety aspects of these complex
energy systems. In this introduction, we will delve into both the grandeur of steam power
plants and the essential role played by test rigs in perfecting their operation.

FIGURE 1: Actual Machine Schematic Diagram

 Table 1: P&ID Symbology

SYMBOLOGY IDENTIFICATION PLACEMENT SENSOR PURPOSE

Between
Turbine equipped superheaters Is the responsible for the
conversion of heat
with and water- Steam turbine energy of steam into
dynamometer cooled mechanical energy.
condenser

Differential It indicates the

Pressure Turbine pressure of the
pressure exhaust steam from
indicator #7 discharge
Sensor the turbine discharge.

It indicates the
Temperature Turbine temperature of the
Thermocouple exhaust steam from the
indicator #7 discharge
turbine discharge.

It is used to stop or
Turbine
Gate valve #1 Hand (Manual) control the flow of the
discharge steam.
The heat exchanger is
Between used to
Water cooled Turbine and Water cooled condensate the exhaust
condensing unit Feed Water condenser steam from the steam
turbine.
Tank

Discharge of It indicates the

Temperature
cooling water Thermocouple temperature of the
indicator #10 cooling water return.
pump
I used to cool the system
to
Cooling water
- - condense the low-
return pressure steam and
recycle it

To provide fresh water to

cool the exhaust steam
in the condenser and
Cooling water After Centrifugal pump.
pump condenser Pump it back to the wet
cooling
tower.

discharge of Floating It measures the

Flowmeter
cooling water flowmeter volume flow rate of
 water supply from
pump cooling water pump
Indicates the
Temperature temperature of the
- Thermocouple cooling water
ndicator #9
supply.

To circulate the
Condensate Before feed Centrifugal
condensed steam back
pump water tank Pump to the deaerator tank.

Condensate drains condensate from

Condensate Manual Drain
pump process lines or storage
valve with drain valve tanks.
discharge
Between Boiler provides a reserve of
Feed water water to cover the
and -
tank interruption of make-
Condenser up water supply.

Between feed to either divert the flow

water tank of fluids, or to mix fluids
3-way gate
and water - from two inlets delivered
valve through to a single
supply and
outlet.
deionizer
Between main improves the quality of
water supply the water and
Mixed bed
Deionizer and feed prevents the
deionization formation of scale
water
tank deposits forming.

Gate valve to
Discharge of Receive sampling from
sampling - system
deionizer
station

Provide water supply to

Water supply - - the feed water tank

Between feed provide a convenient way

water tank and of moving the flow of
3-way gate valve Hand (manual) liquid or gas from one
water supply
point to another.
and deionizer

Between boiler
Centrifugal
Feed water pump and feed water to feed water to boiler.
pump
tank
 Discharge
Temperature of feed Indicates the temperature
Thermocouple of the feed water.
indicator 1 water
pump

On steam Allows to observe levels

Sight Glass Soda-line glass from the boiler
boiler

Between
electric generates steam at
Boiler superheater Oil-fired high pressure and
and feed water high temperature
tank

Near Boiler Liquid Fuel Container that stores fuel

Fuel tank for the boiler.
Fuel Intake Tank

Between Fuel
Fuel pump Centrifugal
Tank and Pumps fuel for the boiler
equipped with fan pump
Boiler

Between Fuel
Fuel volume Thermal Measures the volume
Pump and flowrate of fuel
flowmeter Flowmeter
Boiler

Indicates the
Temperature Discharge of temperature of the fuel
Thermocouple on the intake of the
indicator #2 fuel pump
boiler.
Between boiler
After turbine Used to stop or control
Gate valve #2 and blowdown the flow of the steam.
discharge
tank
receives continuous
blowdown from the steam
Bottom drum and blowdowns of
Blowdown tank After boiler variable temperatures
blowdown
and pressures from the
steam generator.
 On blowdown Pressure from blowdown
Vent Blowdown Vent tank is slowly releasing.
tank discharge

On blowdown Release of unwanted

Drain Drain Valve discharge
tank discharge

Flue On boiler Flue vent Exhaust of the boiler

Indicates the temperature

Temperature Boiler
Thermocouple of the steam on the
indicator #3 discharge discharge of the boiler.
Indicates the pressure of
Pressure Boiler
Bourdon gauge the steam on the
indicator #3 discharge discharge of the boiler.
to increase the
temperature of the
Electric Super Boiler steam saturated steam and
Electric Heater to help control the
Heater discharge
steam outlet
temperature.
Discharge Indicates the temperature
Temperature of the steam on the
of electric Thermocouple discharge of the electric
indicator #4
super heater super heater
minimize the diameter of
Discharge steam distribution
Pressure control
of electric Globe valve piping and enable
valve more costefficient
super heater
steam delivery
Pressure Indicates the temperature
Temperature of the steam on the
control valve Thermocouple discharge of the pressure
indicator #5
discharge control valve
Pressure Indicates the pressure of
Pressure the steam on the
control valve Bourdon gauge discharge of the pressure
indicator #3
discharge control valve

Pressure to measure the flow rate

On turbine
differential flow Orifice Meter of fluids in their single
intake state
meter

To the external
- - To the external plant
plant
 Between boiler
After turbine Used to stop or control
Gate valve #3 and blowdown the flow of the steam.
discharge
tank
Indicates the temperature
Temperature Intake of of the steam on the
Thermocouple intake.
indicator #6 turbine
of the turbine
Indicates the pressure of
Pressure Intake of the steam on the intake of
Bourdon gauge
indicator #6 turbine the turbine

Conclusion
In conclusion, the study of the steam power plant test rig has provided valuable
insights into the operation and performance of steam-based power generation systems.
Through experimentation and analysis, we have gained a deeper understanding of the
various components and processes involved in this technology. Optimizing these
parameters is essential for achieving maximum energy conversion and output. Our
study highlighted the critical role of heat transfer in the steam cycle. The transfer of
thermal energy from the combustion process to the working fluid is a crucial step in the
power generation process. Understanding and enhancing this process can lead to more
efficient power plants.

The environmental implications of steam power generation, including emissions

and resource usage, were also examined. As society places a growing emphasis on
sustainability, our study underscored the importance of developing cleaner and more
sustainable technologies for power generation. This study has laid the foundation for
future work in steam power generation. Further studies may explore advanced
materials, innovative designs, and integrated systems to address the challenges and

opportunities in the field.

Figure 2: T-S and Schematic Diagram of a Steam Power Plant