ELED 13 – STORY & POETRY

10. Humor - Fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement,

What is Contemporary meant to entertain; but can be contained in all genres
Literature? 11. Legend - Story, sometimes of a national or folk hero,
The literature of the contemporary period which has a basis in fact but also includes imaginative
not only refers to a quality/style of writing material.
but also to poetry and prose, which 12. Mystery - Fiction dealing with the solution of a
includes works of fiction such as: novels, crime or the unraveling of secrets.
novellas, essays, and dramatic works. 13. Mythology - Legend or traditional narrative, often
based in part on historical events, that reveals human
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONTEMPORARY STYLE behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism;
1 . Reality-based stories often pertaining to the actions of the gods.
¬Believable story-line, sometimes portraying a harsher 14. Poetry - Verse and rhythmic writing with imagery
reality or degradation of society that creates emotional responses.
2. Current, modern setting 15. Realistic Fiction - Story that can actually happen and
¬ “Well-defined, realistic, highly developed” and strong is true to life.
character (s). 16. Science Fiction - Story based on impact of actual,
3. Well-structured imagined, or potential science, usually set in the future
¬ Writing is “more character driven than plot driven” or on other planets.
17. Short Story - Fiction of such brevity that it supports
WHAT IS A STORY? no subplots.
- A story or narrative is a connected series of 18. Tall Tale - Humorous story with blatant
events told through words (written or spoken), exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the
imagery (still and moving), body language, impossible with nonchalance.
performance, music, or any other form of
communication.
All Nonfiction
TYPES OF STORIES
Fiction 1. Biography/Autobiography - Narrative of a person's
1. Drama - Stories composed in verse or prose, usually life, a true story about a real person.
for theatrical performance, where conflicts and emotion 2. Essay - A short literary composition that reflects the
are expressed through dialogue and action. author's outlook or point.
2. Fable - Narration demonstrating a useful truth, 3. Narrative Nonfiction - Factual information presented
especially in which animals speak as humans; legendary, in a format which tells a story.
supernatural tale. 4. Nonfiction - Informational text dealing with an actual,
3. Fairy Tale - Story about fairies or other magical real-life subject.
creatures, usually for children. 5. Speech - Public address or discourse.
4. Fantasy - Fiction with strange or other worldly
settings or characters; fiction which invites suspension IMPORTANCE OF STORY
of reality.  Stories are, have been, and always will be an
5. Fiction - Narrative literary works whose content is absolutely essential part of human culture.
produced by the imagination and is not necessarily  Stories are how we learn about each other, our
based on fact. past, and our cultures.
6. Fiction in Verse - Full-length novels with plot,  Whether they are created for entertainment or
subplot(s), theme(s), major and minor characters, in to recount a real-life event—new stories are
which the narrative is presented in (usually blank) verse literally being lived, told, and created every
form. second of every day.
7. Folklore - The songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a  So, even if there was only one story for every
people or "folk" as handed down by word of mouth. person who ever lived, there would still be
8. Historical Fiction - Story with fictional characters and billions of stories in the world; it would be
events in a historical setting. impossible to measure how many have existed.
9. Horror - Fiction in which events evoke a feeling of  Stories let us share information in a way that
dread in both the characters and the reader. creates an emotional connection.
  They help us to understand that information newspapers and magazines are filled with stories. As
and each other, and it makes the information you know, a news story reports on real events that have
memorable. Because stories create an happened. Here’s a passage from a CNN Tech article:
emotional connection, we can gain a deeper There’s no other shopping bonanza quite like Alibaba’s
understanding of other people's experiences. Singles Day, which has once again smashed records. The
tech giant reported $17.8 billion in sales during this
EXAMPLES OF STORY year’s frenzy, breaking the record of $14.3 billion set in
 Here are a few examples of the same story told 2015. That’s more than Black Friday and Cyber Monday
different ways. combined. Reading a news story gives you an update on
 You can sometimes tell a story in just one line: events that are happening throughout the world. Here,
The girl met the love of her life and lived happily Tech Crunch writes about China’s 11.11 Singles’ Day,
until the day she died. the world’s biggest shopping event. The story
 Stories let us share information in a way that specifically reports on the money that Alibaba made in
creates an emotional connection. their latest Singles’ Day event.
 They help us to understand that information
and each other, and it makes the information EXAMPLES OF STORY IN POPULAR CULTURE
memorable. Because stories create an  Stories are a part of every type of today’s
emotional connection, we can gain a deeper media, from TV, film, and radio; to what gets
understanding of other people's experiences. shared on social media platforms; music; stage
performance; art exhibitions, celebrity
EXAMPLES OF STORY IN LITERATURE magazines—you name it, and you’ll find stories.
Example 1 But here are a few examples of stories in
 Author Shel Silverstein is known for the quirky popular film and TV culture, told through
and memorable stories he tells through poetry. performance, music, and animation.
Here is “Masks” from his collection of poems Example 1
Everything On It: She had blue skin. And so did  Cult-classic fantasy film The Never-ending Story
he. He kept it hid And so did she. They searched is about a story that goes on as long as time
for blue Their whole life through, Then passed exists. It unfolds in real time as the reader is
right by— And never knew. As you’ve just read, reading it, who in this case is a boy named
Silverstein tells a whole story in just eight short Bastian. But it’s soon revealed that he has more
lines of poetry. Tons of poems do the same in of a stake in the story than he ever imagined…
even fewer lines. Either way, you can see that a The Never-ending Story (9/10) Movie CLIP – Call
story definitely doesn’t have to be lengthy. My Name (1984) HD
Example 2  Bastian finally realizes that he’s a part of the
 A fairy tale is a classic type of story about story he’s been reading, so in a way, it’s actually
imaginary events. When we want to tell a fairy about him. So long as he keeps reading, the story
tale, we often start with the famous words will continue.
“Once upon a time,” which adds a more Example 2
whimsical feel to what we are about to share.
 Here’s an example from Rapunzel of Grimm’s Everybody knows Will Smith’s retro anthem “Prince of
Fairy Tales: Bel Air,” the theme song to the hit ’90s sitcom Fresh
Once upon a time there was a man and a woman who Prince of Bel Air. In the show’s intro, Smith uses this
had long, but to no avail, wished for a child. Finally, the rap to fill the audience in on his backstory: The fresh
woman came to believe that the good Lord would fulfill prince of Bel Air theme song [short version] The song
her wish. Through the small rear window of these quickly reviews the story of his past, which serves as an
people’s house they could see into a splendid garden intro to what the show is about. He recounts the events
that was filled with the most beautiful flowers and that led to his life being turned “upside down”; the story
of how he became the Prince of Bel Air.
herbs. The garden was surrounded by a high wall, and
no one dared enter, because it belonged to a sorceress
Example 3
who possessed great power and was feared by
In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Hermione
everyone. The fairy tale’s intro is just a small part of the
reads the story of the Three Brothers, which is part of
story, telling us about the beginning and a bit about the
characters who will be the focus. Example 3 Of course,
the wizarding world. The Story of the Three Brothers is “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement Clarke Moore.
actually a story within a story—Harry Potter’s story.
Rowling tries to make the wizarding world seem as real 2. Stanza – a section of a poem named for the number
as possible, and adding background is a big part of that. of lines it contains.
By sharing stories that her characters read, she is giving
evidence of the wizarding world’s storytelling and Example: A couplet is a stanza of two lines. The first
literary culture…and perhaps even some history. stanza from “Barbara Frietchie” by John Greenleaf
Wittier is a couplet: Up from the meadows rich with
CONCLUSION corn, Clear in the cool September morn,
 Stories are a major part of every aspect of our
lives, from what we read to what we do to what 3. Enjambment – when there is no written or natural
we talk and think about. pause at the end of a poetic line, so that the word-flow
 They’re also crucial to our understanding of carries over to the next line.
history and culture and have been recorded and
Example: the following lines from “Knoxville,
passed on since man’s earliest days. Stories
have always been and will always be at the core Tennessee” by Nikki Giovanni contains enjambment:
of not only literature, but life! and listen

All Summer in a Day by Ray Bradbury to gospel music

- "All Summer in a Day" refers to the rare event
outside
on Venus when the rain stops and the sun shines,
giving children the opportunity to play outside. at the church
While the title sounds warm and whimsical, the
story itself deals with the brevity of this homecoming
opportunity and the cruelty that can be born
from envy. 4. Placement – the way words and poetic lines are
- The children at school eagerly await the placed on the page of a poem.
predicted appearance of the sun, a brief
phenomenon that occurs only once every seven Example: The following are creatively-placed lines from
years on Venus, a planet of seemingly endless a poem by E.E. Cummings:
rain. Margot, a transfer student from Earth, is the
only child who remembers the sun, and she in Just-
desperately longs to experience it again. Envious
spring when the world is mud-
of Margot’s memories of Earth, her classmates
lock her in a closet, causing her to miss the sun’s luscious the little
fleeting appearance.
lame balloonman
POETRY
whistles far and wee.
Poetry - type of literature based on the interplay of 5. Verse – a line in traditional poetry that is written in
words and rhythm. It often employs rhyme and meter. meter.
Example:In “When I do count the clock that tells the
“prose” – that is, normal text that runs without line
time” from Shakespeare’s “Sonnet Number Twelve,”
breaks or rhythm.
the underlined syllables are accented, giving the line a
ELEMENTS OF POETRY – Structure, Sound, Imagery, metric pattern known as an iambic pentameter.
Figurative Language
6. Capitalization and Punctuation – In poetry, rules of
STRUCTURE
capitalization and punctuation are not always followed;
1.Poetic Line – the words that form a single line of instead, they are at the service of the poet’s artistic
poetry. vision.

Example: “‘Twas the night before Christmas, when all Example: the first stanza from “Laughing Tomatoes” by
through the house” is the well-known first poetic line of Francisco X. Alarcón.
 in our backyard 7. Consonance – the repetition of consonant sounds
within words in a line.
we plant
Example: A line showing consonance (underlined) from
tomatoes
“A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement Clarke Moore:
SOUND
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse
1. Rhythm – the basic beat in a line of a poem.
8. Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds at
Example: “Whose woods these are, I think I know” is the beginning of words.
the first line from “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy
Evening” by Robert Frost. - Notice that the accented Example: Notice the alliteration (underlined) in “Sarah
words (underlined) give the line a distinctive beat. Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the Garbage Out”
by Shel Silverstein.
2. Meter – a pattern of stressed and unstressed
(accented and unaccented) syllables (known as a foot) 9. Onomatopoeia – words that sound like their
in a line of poetry. meaning.
Example: In an iambic pentameter, the pattern is five Example: buzz, swish, hiss, gulp.
iambic (unaccented + accented) feet in each line.

10. Repetition – sounds, words, or phrases that are

3. End Rhyme – same or similar sounds at the end of repeated to add emphasis or create rhythm. Parallelism
words that finish different lines. is a form of repetition.
Example: The following are the first two rhyming lines Examples: Two lines from “Jabberwocky” by Lewis
from “The King of Cats Sends a Postcard to His Wife” by Carroll showing parallelism:
Nancy Willard:
Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
Keep your whiskers crisp and clean,
The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Do not let the mice grow lean,
11. Refrain – a line or stanza repeated over and over in
4. Internal Rhyme – same or similar sounds at the end a poem or song.
of words within a line. Example: In “Jingle Bells,” the following refrain is
Example: A line showing internal rhyme (underlined) repeated after every stanza: Jingle Bells
from “The Rabbit” by Elizabeth Maddox Roberts: 12. Word Play – to play with the sounds and meanings
of real or invented words.
When they said the time to hide was mine.
Example: Two lines from the poem “Synonyms” by
5. Rhyme Scheme – a pattern of rhyme in a poem. Susan Moger: Claptrap, bombast, rodomontade,
Example: A quatrain – a stanza of four lines in which the Hogwash, jargon, and rant
second and fourth-lines rhyme – has the following IMAGERY
rhyme scheme: abcb. 1. Precise Language – the use of specific words to
describe a person, place, thing, or action.
6. Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds within
words in a line. 2. Sensory Details – the use of descriptive details that
Example: A line showing assonance (underlined) from appeal to one or more of the five senses.
“A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement Clarke Moore:

The children were nestled all snug in their beds FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
1.Simile – a comparison of two unlike things, using the TWENTY POETIC FORMS
words like or as.
1. Acrostic – a poem in which the first letter of
Example: “I read the shoreline like an open volume.” each word forms a word – usually a name – if
read downward. Example: “A Rock Acrostic” by
2. Metaphor – a comparison of two unlike things, not Avis Harley.
using the words like or as.
2. Couplet – two lines of poetry that rhyme and
usually form one complete idea. Example: The
Example: “Ribbons of sea foam / wrap the emerald
poem “Catch a Little Rhyme” by Eve Merriam is
island.”
written in couplets.
3. Personification – to ascribe human traits to non-
3. Haiku - a Japanese three-line poetic form –
human or non-living things.
usually about nature – with lines of three,
Example: “The unfurled sailboat glides on / urged by seven, and five syllables, respectively.
wind and will and brilliant bliss.”
Example: I call to my love
4. Symbolism – a person, place, thing, or action that
on mornings ripe with sunlight.
stands for something else.
The songbirds answer.
Example: In “From Mother to Son” by Langston Hughes,
a set of stairs symbolizes life. 4. Quatrain – a stanza made up of four lines, often
containing a rhyme scheme.
5. Hyperbole – the use of exaggeration to express
strong emotion or create a comical effect. Example: “The Toaster” by William Jay Smith.

Example: “I’m so hungry I could eat a hippo.” 5. Cinquain – a five-line untitled poem, where the
syllable pattern increases by two for each line, except
6. Verbal Irony or Sarcasm – when you mean the for the last line, which ends in two syllables (2,4,6,8.2).
opposite of what you say.
Example: The cinquain that begins with “Oh, cat” by
Example: “My darling brother is the sweetest boy on Paul B. Janeczko.
Earth,” she muttered sarcastically.
6. Limerick – a humorous rhyming poem written in five
7. Pun – a humorous phrase that plays with the double
lines and having a particular meter. It often begins with
meaning or the similar sounds of words.
“There once was a…”
Example: “Tomorrow you shall find me a grave man,”
Example: Limericks by Edward Lear.
said the duke on his deathbed. The cookbook Lunch on
the Run by Sam Witch is awesome. 7. Sonnet – a poem that is 14 lines long, generally
written in iambic pentameter. Example: “Sonnet 116”
8. Allusion- a reference to a familiar person, place, or by William Shakespeare.
event.
8. Free Verse – a poem that does not follow a
Example: The following two lines from the poem “My
predictable form or rhyme scheme or metric pattern.
Muse” contain an allusion to Pandora’s Box: hunched
Example: “Mother to Son” by Langston Hughes.
over from carrying that old familiar Box

9. List or Catalog Poem – a poem in the form of a list,

10. Idiom - a cultural expression that cannot be taken
that uses sensory details and precise language to
literally.
persuade the reader to take notice of what is being
Example: She is the apple of his eye. He drives me up listed. Example: “Things to Do If You Are a Subway” by
the wall. Robbi Katz.
10. Villanelle – a challenging poetic form that includes Example: “The Red Wheelbarrow” by William Carlos
five tercets (aba rhyme) followed by a quatrain (abaa Williams.
rhyme) and a pattern of repetition of lines 1 and 3 of
IMPORTANCE OF POETRY
the first stanza. Example: “Is There a Villain in Your
Villanelle?” by Joan Bransfield Graham. • This style of writing may have developed to help
people memorize long chains of information in
11. Ode – a poem that celebrates or praises something. the days before writing. Rhythm and rhyme can
Example: “Ode to Pablo’s Tennis Shoes” by Gary Soto. make the text more memorable, and thus easier
to preserve for cultures that do not have a
12. Lyric Poetry – poetry that expresses a poet’s written language.
personal experience, feelings, and emotions. Example:
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William • Poetry can be written with all the same
Wordsworth. purposes as any other kind of literature –
beauty, humor, storytelling, political messages,
etc.
13. Blank Verse – a poem written in iambic pentameter,
but with no rhyme. EXAMPLES IN POETRY LITERATURE

Example: Verses in Romeo and Juliet by William Example 1

Shakespeare. I think that I shall never see -->

14. Blues Poem – poems that – like blues songs – deal A poem lovely as a tree…-->
with personal or world issues. Example: “Evening Air poems are made by fools like me,-->
Blues” by Langston Hughes.
but only God can make a tree.--> (Joyce Kilmer, Trees)
15. Nonsense Poem – a fun, usually rhyming poem that
This is an excerpt from Joyce Kilmer’s famous short
makes no sense, focusing instead on the sounds and the
poem. The poem employs a fairly standard rhyme
rhythm of the poem.
scheme (AABB, lines 1 and 2 rhymes together and lines
Example: “The Jumblies” by Edward Lear. 3 and 4 rhymes together), and a meter called “iambic
tetrameter,” which is commonly employed in
children’s rhymes.
16. Concrete Poem – a poem that uses words to form
the shape of the subject of the poem (also known as a Example 2
“shape poem”). Example: “Concrete Cat” by Dorth
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by
Charles.
madness,

17. Narrative Poem – a poem that tells a story. starving hysterical naked,
Example: “The Sneetches” by Dr. Seuss (Theodor
dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn
Geisel).
looking for an angry fix,
18. Ballad – a poem that tells a story, usually written in angel headed hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly
four-line stanzas. Example: “The Wreck of the connection to the starry dynamo
Hesperus” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
in the machinery of night, who poverty and tatters and
hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking…
19. Epic Poem – a long and heroic narrative poem.
Example: “The Odyssey” by Homer. (Alan Ginsberg, Howl)

20. Imagist Poetry – poems that contain precise visual

images. These are the first few lines of Howl, one of the most
famous examples of modern “free verse” poetry. It has
no rhyme, and no particular meter. But its words still Drama is also a type of a play written for theater,
have a distinct, rhythmic quality, and the line breaks television, radio, and film. In simple words, a drama is a
encapsulate the meaning of the poem. Notice how the composition in verse or prose presenting a story in
last word of each line contributes to the imagery of a pantomime or dialogue
corrupt, ravaged city (“madness, naked, smoking”), with
It contains conflict of characters, particularly the ones
one exception: “heavenly.” This powerful juxtaposition
who perform in front of audience on the stage.
goes to the heart of Ginsburg’s intent in writing the
poem – though what that intent is, you’ll have to decide The person who writes drama for stage directions is
for yourself. known as a “dramatist” or “playwright.”
Example 3 • TYPES OF DRAMA
In the twilight rain, 1. Comedy – Comedies are lighter in tone than ordinary
works and provide a happy conclusion. The intention of
these brilliant-hued hibiscus –
dramatists in comedies is to make their audience laugh.
A lovely sunset Hence, they use quaint circumstances, unusual
characters, and witty remarks.
This poem by the Japanese poet Basho is a haiku. This
2. Tragedy – Tragic dramas use darker themes, such as
highly influential Japanese style has no rhymes, but it
disaster, pain, and death. Protagonists often have a
does have a very specific meter – five syllables in the
tragic flaw — a characteristic that leads them to their
first line, seven in the second line, and five in the third
downfall.
line.
3. Farce – Generally, a farce is a nonsensical genre of
EXAMPLES OF POETRY IN POPULAR CULTURE
drama, which often overacts or engages slapstick
Example 1 humor.

Rapping originated as a kind of performance poetry. In 4.Melodrama – Melodrama is an exaggerated drama,

the 1960s and 70s, spoken word artists like Gil Scott- which is sensational and appeals directly to the senses
Heron began performing their poems over live or of the audience. Just like the farce, the characters are of
synthesized drumbeats, a practice that sparked all of a single dimension and simple, or may be stereotyped.
modern hip hop. Even earlier, the beat poets of the
5.Musical Drama – In musical dramas, dramatists not
1950s sometimes employed drums in their readings.
only tell their stories through acting and dialogue, but
• EXAMPLES OF POETRY IN POPULAR CULTURE through dance as well as music. Often the story may be
comedic, though it may also involve serious subjects.
Example 2

Some of the most famous historical poems have been

DRAMATIC STRUCTURE
turned into movies or inspired episodes of television
shows. Beowulf, for example, is an Anglo-Saxon epic • The structure is how the plot or story of a play is
poem that has spawned at least 8 film adaptations, laid out, including a beginning, a middle and an
most recently a 2007 animated film starring Angelina end.
Jolie and Anthony Hopkins.
• Plays may also include subplots, which are
Edgar Allen Poe’s The Raven has also inspired many pop smaller stories that allow the audience to follow
culture spinoffs with its famous line, “Nevermore.” the journey of different characters and events
within the plot.
DRAMA
• Plays also feature an element of conflict, which
Drama is a mode of fictional representation through
does not necessarily mean a fight or argument
dialogue and performance. It is one of the literary
but instead an obstacle that needs to be
genres, which is an imitation of some actions.
overcome.
 DRAMATIC STRUCTURE The play is romantically funny, in that love between
Hero and Claudio is laughable, as they never even get a
A typical dramatic structure is linear, with events
single chance to communicate on-stage until they get
occurring chronologically.
married. Their relationship lacks development and
This might include: depth. They end up merely as caricatures, exemplifying
what people face in life when their relationships are
exposition - introduces background events and internally weak. Love between Benedick and Beatrice is
characters amusing, as initially their communications are very
rising action - a series of events that create suspense in sparky, and they hate each other. However, they all of
the narrative sudden make up, and start loving each other.

climax - the part of the story where the suspense Example #2:
reaches its highest part Oedipus Rex (By Sophocles) Tragedy: Sophocles’
falling action - the main conflict starts to resolve mythical and immortal drama Oedipus Rex is thought to
resolution – be his best classical tragedy. Aristotle has adjudged this
play as one of the greatest examples of tragic drama in
the conclusion of the story where questions are his book, Poetics, by giving the following reasons:
answered and loose ends are tied up A graph showing
how dramatic tension changes during a theatre 1. The play arouses emotions of pity and fear, and
performance, from the exposition through rising action, achieves the tragic Catharsis.
dramatic climax and falling action, ending in a
resolution. 2. It shows the downfall of an extraordinary man of high
rank, Oedipus.
Structures can also be non-linear, with the action of the
play moving forwards and back in time. This is done 3. The central character suffers due to his tragic error
through the use of flashbacks and flashforwards, to help called Hamartia; as he murders his real father, Laius,
make the play more exciting or to highlight points and then marries his real mother, Jocasta. Hubris is the
through contrast and juxtaposition. cause of Oedipus’ downfall.

FUNCTION OF DRAMA
DRAMATIC STRUCTURE
• Drama is one of the best literary forms through
• Alternatively, plays may follow a cyclical which dramatists can directly speak to their
structure, with the play ending at the same time readers, or the audience, and they can receive
as it began. This can be exciting for the instant feedback of audiences.
audience as they try to work out how the
character ended up in the position they see at • A few dramatists use their characters as a
the start of the play. vehicle to convey their thoughts and values,
such as poets do with personas, and novelists
• Traditionally, plays use acts and scenes to help do with narrators.
define particular moments in time, and a new
scene will show the audience that the action is • Since drama uses spoken words and dialogues,
taking place in a different location. thus language of characters plays a vital role, as
it may give clues to their feelings, personalities,
EXAMPLES OF DRAMA IN LITERATURE backgrounds, and change in feelings.
Example #1: • In dramas the characters live out a story
Much Ado About Nothing (By William Shakespeare) without any comments of the author, providing
Much Ado About Nothing is the most frequently the audience a direct presentation of
performed Shakespearian comedy in modern times. characters’ life experiences.
SOCIAL ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE Chile- from where he was banished for his
views.
- Women in Literature

- Ethnic in Literature
RAIN by Don Patterson
- Racism in Literature
I love all films that start with rain: rain, braiding a
CHALLENGES TO CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE
windowpane or darkening a hung-out dress or
• Literature is language-based and national; streaming down her upturned face;
contemporary society is globalizing and
one big thundering downpour right through the empty
polyglot.
script and score before the act, before the blame, before
 Vernacular means of everyday communication
the lens pulls through the frame
“cellphones, social networks, streaming video”
are moving into areas where printed text to where the woman sits alone beside a silent telephone
cannot follow. or the dress lies ruined on the grass or the girl walks off
 Intellectual property systems failing. the overpass,
 Means of book promotion, distribution and
and all things flow out from that source along their fatal
retail destabilized.
watercourse. However bad or overlong such a film can
 Ink-on-paper manufacturing is an outmoded,
do no wrong,
toxic industry with steeply rising costs.
 Core demographic for printed media is aging so when his native twang shows through or when the
faster than the general population. Failure of boom dips into view or when her speech starts to betray
print and newspapers is disenfranching young its adaptation from a play,
apprentice writers.
I think to when we opened cold on a starlit gutter,
 Media conglomerates have poor business
running gold with the neon of a drugstore sign and I’d
model; economically rationalized "culture
read into its blazing line:
industry" is actively hostile to vital aspects of
humane culture. forget the ink, the milk, the blood – all was washed
 Long tail Balkanizes audiences, disrupts means clean with the flood we rose up from the falling waters
of canon-building and fragments literary the fallen rain’s own sons and daughters
reputation.
and none of this, none of this matters.
 Digital public-domain transforms traditional
literary heritage into a huge, cost-free, portable,
searchable database, radically transforming the
reader's relationship to belle-lettres.

IF YOU FORGET ME – Pablo Neruda

 was a Chilean author who was exiled for his

views on communism;

 he wrote “If You Forget Me” while on vacation

with his mistress.

 It is believed that he wrote it while she was in

the same room- so one would naturally think
that it is dedicated to her, but there are
theories that this poem is actually addressing
his complicated relationship with his home-