Biiii

12/27/2022 Unit 14: Business
Intelligence
Applying BI solutions to enhance and improve
business operations
KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA
REG NO=COL00078912
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Unit 14: Business Intelligence
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Student Name/ID KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA
REG NO=COL00078912
Unit Title Unit 14: Business Intelligence
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LO1 Discuss business processes and the mechanisms used to support business decision-making.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 M1 D1
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LO2 Compare the tools and technologies associated with business intelligence functionality.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P2 M2 D2
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LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies

Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 P4 M3 D3
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LO4 Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools and technologies for
effective decision-making purposes and the legal/regulatory context in which
they are used.
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Pearson Higher Nationals in
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Unit 14: Business
Intelligence Assignment 01

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Higher National Diploma in Business
Assignment Brief
KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA
Student Name /ID Number REG NO=COL00078912
Unit Number and Title Unit 14 : Business Intelligence
Academic Year 2021/2022
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title Business Process Support Mechanisms
Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
Submission format
The submission should be in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a
concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use
of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with
research and referenced. Follow Harvard referencing system for in-text citations, reference list and
the bibliography.. The recommended word limit is 4,000–4,500 words, although you will not be
penalised for exceeding the total word limit.

Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Discuss business processes and the mechanisms used to support business
decision-making.
LO2 Compare the tools and technologies associated with business intelligence
functionality
LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies
LO4 Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools and technologies for effective
decision-making purposes and the legal/regulatory context in which they are used

Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Data and information are core to any organizational business process. Meaningful information is
a necessity to drive profitable business actions. The concept of Business Intelligence (BI) has
evolved through technologies such as Decision Support Systems (DSS) to a number of tools,
technologies, architectures and methods which involves data cleaning, data integration, data
mining, data evaluation and data representation. Hence BI can be identified as a software suite
of software and services to transform data into actionable intelligence and knowledge.
Scenario
Yard of Ale is a large-scale brewery in Sri Lanka and well establish company control 20% market
share of beer market which is the 2nd biggest market share from entire beer market. The
company have automated production line include mills, Brewhouse and bottling plant and each
control by separate embedded software system not allowed to access operational data stores
but can be configured to generate CSV or excel operational data file at the end of each batch.
The company consists of multiple departments responsible for each operations of the
organization such as Production, Engineering, HR/Legal, finance, Sales and marketing,
Procurement, Administration, Quality control, Research and development, IT and each and
every department have its own operational systems to record keeping purposes and each
operational application software developed by professionally. Each department manages by a
department manager. For an example, production department manages by the production
manager and he is responsible for manage all production related operations in sub departments.
Mills ,Brewhouse ,Bottling plant, raw material and finish products stores and each sub
department managed by operational manager. This hierarchical configuration replicates
throughout most of the department. Upper management of brewery required to consolidate all
these data in to one data warehouse with the data contain in the legacy system as well. Other
than that upper management required to incorporate every external data about company and
products from various data collection and research agencies the business intelligent system.
Those external data available as JSON/XML data files, plain text reports, social media

comments/posts and all negative and positive online comments about organization and
products.
Upper management of company believe more you know about organization and the external
environment you have better completive advantage. Have potential to control bigger market
share and effectively become number 1 beer in Sri Lanka
Task 1
Analyse the business processes and the supporting processes of the organization given in
the scenario and differentiate between semi structured and unstructured data. Evaluate
the benefits and drawbacks of using application software to handle the business processes
in Yard of Ale.
Task 2
Compare how strategic, tactical and operational decisions are supported within the
organization for business decision making process. You have to furthermore compare and
contrast how various information systems (TPS,MIS,DSS) could be utilized to enhance
those decisions with related to key features of BI framework . Justify your answer with
relevant to the functionalities of business intelligence.
Task 3
Chief Engineer is the tactical manager of engineering department who oversees all repairs and
maintenance of the total eight sectors of the factory that include water purification plant,
Mill, Brewhouse, bottling plant, waste treatment plant, factory maintenance and repair/
fabrication shop. Each sector consists of two or more sub sectors and each subsector have 4-
10 of machines. Chief engineer requires to track the maintenance and repair all the
machineries with minimal disruption to production and he must maintain healthy inventory
of spare parts which consist of over 5000s items, track the progress of every jobs, Identify

problematic arias, Track engineers and mechanics work logs and efficiency and monitor
system downtime.
3.1. Explain what business intelligence is and the tools and technologies associated with it by
taking relevant examples to the organization given in the scenario.
3.2. Design a Managerial dash board for chief engineer using various data visualizations
methodologies that includes 6-8 widgets to present required information. Apply appropriate
customizations that can utilize to improve the managerial dashboard designed above .
Critically evaluate how your Dashboard design and the suggested enhancement could
optimize chief engineer’s performance by delivering accurate and reliable information to
increase his effectiveness.
Task 4
4.1. Discuss how organizational decision-making process can be improved by implementing
business intelligence tools. Conduct a research to identify the organizations that have utilized
new business intelligent innovations and trends to improve their performance and to extend
BI systems to target audience, provide better competitive advantage within the market.
4.2. Sharing data within the organization through a BI tool can raise legal, ethical and
professional concerns. Explore the legal issues that may result when using business
intelligence tools (Eg: Data protection laws, Cyber security, etc.) and evaluate how the
chosen organization and extend the target audience / gain a competitive advantage by
securely exploiting Business Intelligence tools.

Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
LO1 Discuss business processes and the mechanisms

used to support business decision-making.
P1 Examine, using examples, the terms ‘Business

Process’ and ‘Supporting Processes’.
M1 Differentiate between unstructured and semi-

structured data within an organisation.
D1 Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using

application software as a mechanism for business
processing.
LO2 Compare the tools and technologies associated

with business intelligence functionality
P2 Compare the types of support available for business

decision-making at varying levels within an
organization.
M2 Justify, with specific examples, the key features of

business intelligence functionality.
D2 Compare and contrast a range of information
systems and technologies that can be used to support
organisations at operational, tactical and strategic
levels.
LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools
and technologies
P3 Determine, with examples, what business

intelligence is and the tools and techniques associated
with it.
P4 Design a business intelligence tool, application or

interface that can perform a specific task to support
problem-solving or decision-making at an advanced
level.
M3 Customise the design to ensure that it is user

friendly and has a functional interface.
D3 Provide a critical review of the design in terms of

how it meetsa specific user or business requirement and identify

what customisation has been integrated into the
design.
LO4 Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools

and technologies for effective decision-making
purposes and the legal/regulatory context in which
they are used
P5 Discuss how business intelligence tools can
contribute to effective decision-making.
P6 Explore the legal issues involved in the secure
exploitation of business intelligence tools.
M4 Conduct research to identify specific examples of

organisations that have used business intelligence
tools to enhance or improve operations
D4 Evaluate how organisations could use business
intelligence to extend their target audience and make
them more competitive within the market, taking
security legislation into consideration.
KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA 16

REG NO=COL00078912
1 . Acknowledgement
First off, I would like to give out my sincerest thanking to my parents for all their support and
motivation. Secondly 1 would like to express my gratitude to my lecturer miss. Sampa for the
useful comments, remarks throughout the learning process of this Assignment/project on the title
'online hospital management system'.
Furthermore, that I would also like to thank Esoft for all the facilities which has been provided to
me and all our dearest colleagues who helped us in all possible aspects.

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Task 01
1. Analyze the business processes and the supporting processes of the

organization given in the scenario and differentiate between semi structured
and unstructured data. Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using
application software to handle the business processes in Yard of Ale.
Background details of the organization
As the second-largest market share in the entire beer market, Yard of Beer may be a well-established, large-scale
company that manages the brewing industry. The company's machine-controlled mechanical systems include mills,
brew houses, and works, and each is managed by a unique embedded computer code that is not permitted to access
operational information storage but is designed to obtain a CSV or stand-out operational record at the beginning of
each batch. The corporate is divided into various departments, each of which is responsible for one aspect of the
organization's operations, such as production, engineering, human resources and legal, finance, sales and
marketing, acquisition, administration, internal control, analysis, and development, and IT. Each department has its
own operational systems for keeping records, and each operational application computer.
Figure 1

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Business process
A business process is a series of tasks or a set of activities performed by a group of stakeholders to achieve an
organizational goal. The processes are performed by people or systems in a structured manner to attain a pre-
defined objective. Efficient and streamlined execution of business processes directly contributes to the success of
business operations and growth.
Each step in a business process denotes a task that is assigned to a participant. It is the fundamental building block
for several related ideas such as business process management, process automation, etc.
While there’s a deluge of things written and said about business process management, it’s essential to understand
why they are so important to your business.
Types of Business Process
Operational processes
Operational processes, also called the core business processes, are the activities that bring direct value to your
company and your customers. Such processes are essential to your company and its perfection is crucial because
they are generating your revenue.
Examples of operational processes:
2. order to cash process
3. manufacturing of the products
4. robot process automation (RPA)
5. delivery of the products

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Supporting processes
To be ready to solely specialize in core business, activities should be each business owner’s dream. As your
organization grows, thus do its business processes. within the planet, for each worker that focuses on core
business and creates the worth that customers crave multiple staff don't seem to be essentially chargeable for the
ultimate product however square measure serving to to swish the total method. while not them, even the simplest
organizations would collapse.
Examples of supporting processes:
1. technical support
2. accounting
3. call center
4. sales
5. HR
6. marketing funnels
Without these people and their respective processes, there is no future for any company.

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Management processes
Somebody needs to oversee how the company runs. The managers surely have their set of rules and processes
which their follow.
Their main task is to measure, monitor and control all the business-related procedures and systems.
Examples of management processes:
1. budgeting
2. governance (to oblige with the legal regulations and internal guidelines)
3. infrastructure (Dvorak, 2020

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Important Of Business Intelligent
Ability to gain customer insights
With effective business intelligence, businesses can better understand their customers by analyzing their buying
patterns and creating user profiles. This helps them to create better products and product experiences for their
customers. One example where a business can leverage the power of BI to understand their customers is customer
segmentation. Based on the types of products a customer buys, when they buy, and how often they buy, customers
could be classified into different segments. These segments are used to give the customer an overall better
experience through custom-tailored product offers or custom reminders and many more. This creates a win-win
situation for both parties, as both the customer and the business are benefitted from it.
Improved business operations visibility

Organizations that leverage business intelligence will have better control over their business processes. They have
better visibility of what’s going on in the organization. Having an active vigilance over the processes and standard
procedures helps to rectify any error rather quickly. This also helps the business to become prepared and not
reactive. For example, for a logistics company struggling with delayed deliveries, knowing where and why the
delays are happening, could prove quite valuable. This kind of insight into their business operations could help the
business to largely improve their services.
Real-time data availability
A business intelligence system provides real-time data at all times. This in turn reduces the risk of any possible
human error while preparing any critical data reports. Having access to real-time data enables the business to stay
informed about the health of the company at all times. This helps the organization to take data-backed decisions
every time they need to make one. No more waiting till the report from the analytics team arrives
Better marketing efforts

A business intelligence system enables the marketing team of the organization to create better marketing
campaigns that provide better Return on investment (ROI) by providing them a convenient way to access data
regarding the current and past campaigns. It also provides key metrics such as customer acquisition cost (CAC),
cost per lead (CPL), click-through rates of the campaigns (CTR), and many other crucial metrics required for a
successful marketing campaign.

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Gives the business a competitive advantage
Apart from all the benefits of using business intelligence, another great benefit of using BI is a competitive
advantage. Business Intelligence enables businesses to have insight into what their competitors are doing and
enables them to make informed and educated decisions for plans. Also, a company that keeps an eye on its internal
systems at all times, stays ahead of a company that doesn’t.
Get Actionable Insights
The most important thing while taking any business decision is to have enough data to back the decision. With
traditional reporting, it’s not as easy and convenient to get actionable insights as it is with business intelligence.
Actionable insights are those metrics that actually enable you to take any action, rather than just a ‘feels good to
hear’ number. One example of an actionable metric is the % of customers who abandon their carts rather than the
number of transactions metric. This metric gives us an idea of where the customers are dropping off and enables the
business to take the necessary action to try and reduce the cart abandonment rate.
Improved efficiency across the organization

Having a proper business intelligence system in place considerably improves the efficiency of the overall
organization. This in turn positively impacts the overall revenue of the organization. By making meaningful data
accessible across various teams in the organization reduces the waiting time on the report requests and increases
the productivity of all teams in the company. Data should be accessible by everyone and not be limited to a few
privileged teams. This helps everyone in the company to stay informed and make knowledgeable decisions

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Semi-Structured Data
Semi-structured data is data that has some structure but does not adhere to a particular data model. It lacks a rigid or set structure. It is the
data that is not stored in a logical database but does has some organizational characteristics that facilitate analysis. Some processes are
capable of being stored in a relational database. Semi-structured data is data that has some structure but does not adhere to a particular
data model. It lacks a rigid or set structure. It is the data that is not stored in a logical database but does has some organizational
characteristics that facilitate analysis. Some processes are capable of being stored in a relational database.
Characteristics of semi-structured Data:
• Data does not conform to a data model but has some structure.
• Data can not be stored in the form of rows and columns as in Databases
• Semi-structured data contains tags and elements (Metadata) which is used to group data and describe how
the data is stored
• Similar entities are grouped together and organized in a hierarchy
• Entities in the same group may or may not have the same attributes or properties
• Does not contain sufficient metadata which makes automation and management of data difficult
• Size and type of the same attributes in a group may differ
• Due to lack of a well-defined structure, it can not used by computer programs easily
Sources of semi-structured Data:
• E-mails
• XML and other markup languages
• Binary executables
• TCP/IP packets
• Zipped files
• Integration of data from different sources
• Web pages
•
Advantages of Semi-structured Data:
• The data is not constrained by a fixed schema

• Flexible i.e Schema can be easily changed.
• Data is portable
• It is possible to view structured data as semi-structured data
• Its supports users who can not express their need in SQL
• It can deal easily with the heterogeneity of sources.
•
Disadvantages of Semi-structured data
• Lack of fixed, rigid schema make it difficult in storage of the data

• Interpreting the relationship between data is difficult as there is no separation of the schema and the data.
• Queries are less efficient as compared to structured data.

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Unstructured Data
Unstructured data is the data which does not conforms to a data model and has no easily identifiable structure such that it can not be
used by a computer program easily. Unstructured data is not organised in a pre-defined manner or does not have a pre-defined data
model, thus it is not a good fit for a mainstream relational database.
Characteristics of Unstructured Data:
• Data neither conforms to a data model nor has any structure.

• Data can not be stored in the form of rows and columns as in Databases
• Data does not follows any semantic or rules
• Data lacks any particular format or sequence
• Data has no easily identifiable structure
• Due to lack of identifiable structure, it can not used by computer programs easily
Sources of Unstructured Data:
• Web pages
• Images (JPEG, GIF, PNG, etc.)
• Videos
• Memos
• Reports
• Word documents and PowerPoint presentations
• Surveys
Advantages of Unstructured Data:
• Its supports the data which lacks a proper format or sequence

• The data is not constrained by a fixed schema
• Very Flexible due to absence of schema.
• Data is portable
• It is very scalable
• It can deal easily with the heterogeneity of sources.
• These type of data have a variety of business intelligence and analytics applications.
Disadvantages Of Unstructured data:
• It is difficult to store and manage unstructured data due to lack of schema and structure

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• Indexing the data is difficult and error prone due to unclear structure and not having pre-defined attributes. Due to which
search results are not very accurate.
• Ensuring security to data is difficult task.
Semi-structured data and unstructured data have differences.
Parameters Semi-Structured Data Unstructured Data

Data Structure Although the data and information There is no predefined organization
contained have organizational for the available data and information
characteristics, they are not the same in the system or database
as predetermined organized data.
Technology Used Semi-Structured Data works on the Unstructured data works on the basis
basis of Relational Data Framework of binary data and the available
(RDF) or XML. characters.
Flexibility The data is comparatively less Schema is totally absent. Thus, it is
flexible than unstructured data but the most flexible of all.
way more flexible than the structured
data.
Management of Transaction It adapts the transaction from DBMS. It consists of no management of
It is not of mature type. transaction or concurrency.
Management of Version It is possible to version over graphs or It is possible to version the data as a
tuples. whole.
Robustness Semi-Structured Data is a fairly new -
technology. Thus, it is not very robust
in nature
Scalability Scaling a Semi-Structured type of An unstructured data type is the most
data is comparatively much more scalable in nature.
feasible.
Performance of Query Semi-structured queries over various Unstructured data only allows textual
nodes (anonymous) are most types of queries.
definitely possible.
Figure 2 semi structured
Application software
Application Software is a type of computer program that performs specific functions. These functions, performed
by application software, can be personal, business as well as educational. Thus, application Software is also known
as end-user software or productivity software.Each software program is developed to assist users with the
particular process related to productivity, efficiency, and communication. Unlike System Software, Application
Software is specific for its functionality and completes the task that they are developed to do. The majority of apps
that we see on our smartphones are examples of application software.
Functions of Application Software

Application Software Programs are developed to execute a large variety of roles. The functions are not limited to

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but depend upon the user’s need. Some of the most common functions of application software are
• Manipulating data
• Managing information
• Calculating figures
• Constructing visuals
• Coordinating resources
• Writing reports
• Creating spreadsheets
• Manipulating images
• Keeping records
• Developing websites
• Calculating expenses
advantages of using digital applications to business operations
Reduction of Risks and Data Redundancy

A BPM tool provides total visibility into your business processes, which allows for special concentration on errors.
This, in turn, gives organizations the chance to work more efficiently and save resources. And since automation is
the key to keep the execution quality at the desired level and to ensure that a task is executed the same way every
time, automating mundane business processes can help you to enjoy more time focusing on the big picture and
sleep better at night knowing there are less errors and much less data redundancy.
Better Control of Operations

Regardless of how well controlled or solid your business processes are, it’s important to always have complete
control of what tasks are running, who is working on what, and whether or not the deadlines are met. Enter BPM
software: it will give you live access to all this information (and more) through general dashboards and data charts
to monitor execution and progress.
Improved Business Collaboration

When multiple tasks or processes are running, collaboration among team members is a must. In this new digital
business model era, the traditional communication channels are not the best solution. Messages, notifications and
file sharing systems can and will make the line of communication easier. This ensures everyone using the system is
always provided with relevant and real-time information so that if any changes are made, they’re notified right
away. This will help to reduce any data redundancy and general business issues.
Agility
As market trends and customer demands change over time, so does your company goals, needs and demands. A
key feature of BPM software is that smooths the design processes that are flexible. This flexibility of making
changes to a process can benefit your organization greatly, and gives you the opportunity to scale with any changes
that you need to meet. BPM software gives you the agility you’ll need so processes can be easily customized to suit
the requirements of your organization.
Increased Productivity and Performance

Data from all your business processes are stored and used to measure process performance when utilized with a

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BPM solution. By comparing that data to the expected results, you can quickly identify any and all points that need
improvement in order to help maximize revenues. Process improvements like getting rid of bottlenecks and
elimination of redundant steps can easily be achieved with BPM. These small improvements will translate into
increased productivity and overall performance.
Disadvantages of application software using in business processes
• Costly:Developing application software to fulfill a certain aim might be somewhat expensive for
developers. This can have an impact on company budgets and income streams, especially if they spend too
much time on software development, which is normally undesirable.
• Security Threats:Integrating data from numerous platforms introduces additional security risks. As data
flows via new gateways between systems, vulnerabilities are created that hackers might exploit. Businesses
must take additional precautions to secure data during transmission.
• Developing application software designed to meet specific purposes can prove to be quite costly for
developers. This can affect their budget and their revenue flow, especially if too much time is spent
developing a software that is not generally acceptable.
• Some software that are designed specifically for a certain business, may not be compatible with other
general software. This is something that can prove to be a major stumbling block for many corporations.
• Developing them is something that takes a lot of time, because it needs constant communication between
the developer and the customer. This delays the entire production process, which can prove to be harmful in
some cases.
• Application software that is used commonly by many people, and then shared online, carries a very real
threat of infection by a computer virus or other malicious programs.

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Our business flow chart
Milling Process

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Brewhouse Process

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Packing Process

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Finance Department Process Flow Chart

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Production Department

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Quality Control Department Process

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It department flow chart

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Task 02
Compare how strategic, tactical and operational decisions are supported within the organization for
business decision making process. You have to furthermore compare and contrast how various
information systems (TPS,MIS,DSS) could be utilized to enhance those decisions with related to key
features of BI framework. Justify your answer with relevant to the functionalities of business intelligence.
Today's businesses must be prepared to meet the diverse informational and decision-making needs of their
managers and professional staff in order to succeed. The promotion of the role that is played in supporting the
decision-making processes of all managers and information employees in company is made possible by the web,
internets, and alternative web-enabled data systems. A well-structured decision-making process is essential to
producing high-quality, clear decisions; otherwise, a firm won't run smoothly. Business higher cognitive process is
not only tremendously important, but it's also very difficult. In a corporation, employees at all levels and in all
areas make decisions. A firm makes a variety of decisions, some of which are related to the analysis of
investments, resource allocation, or analysis
1. Operational Decisions
2. Tactical Decisions
3. Strategic Decision

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Operational Decisions
Future decisions of this nature have a direct bearing on how a business operates. These options fall into two
categories. High management makes decisions regarding the state of the plant, the volume of production, the
channel, and the policies. The mid- and lower-level managers make decisions that are directly related to how things
are done on a daily basis.
Tactical Decisions
The use of tactical decisions is increased. action strategy calls for A large-scale, well-established corporation like
Yard of Beer might modify product valuations, plan work, and reorganize departments. It aids the corporation in
gaining a competitive edge. The organization will be affected by those selections in a medium-risk way...
Strategic Decision
The situation and effects must be carefully analyzed before making any strategic decisions. Usually, the most
senior employees take it. Strategic decisions require a significant amount of time to develop because they are non-
repetitive in nature and unrelated to an organization's everyday operations. Priorities, goal-setting, long-term
forecasting, and global diversification are among the strategic calls that "Yard of Beer might be a large-scale
distillery."

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Opportunities These are linked to These are linked to an These are linked to each
the organization's organization's department's sub units.
overall goals. departmental targets.
Manag ers The highest Level Medium Level The lowest level
grade
Center attentio n Of These deal with the These are in the These are linked to the
development of the welfare of an growth of production and
organization. organization's employees. factory.
Format ion Of Unstructured data Semi Structured data Structured data

data
Atmosphere Linked with Linked with Linked with use effect

external external and o f focusing ive
atmosphere. internal atmosphe resour
Atmosphere. re. ces
intern
al
Timetable Non-routine. Non routine & routine. Routine
Time limit These of These ty p o f take These types of

ty pes lo decisi es a n decisions are not
decisions ar n ons re frequently taken.
e terms g daily.
decisions.

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Levels of Management - Top, Middle and Lower
An organization's "Levels of Management" serve as a boundary between different managerial levels. When a firm and its workforce grow
in size, so do the levels of management, and vice versa. The chain of command, the scope of the position's power, and its status are all
based on the degree of management. Three major categories may be used to classify the levels of management:
• Top level/Administrative level

• Middle level/Executory
• Low level/Supervisory/Operative/First-line managers
Managers at all these levels perform different functions. The role of managers at all the three levels is discussed below:
Top Level of Management

It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source
of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating
functions.
The role of the top management can be summarized as follows -
• Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
• It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc.
• It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.
• It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.
• It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
• It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.
• It provides guidance and direction.
• The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the performance of the enterprise.
\

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Middle Level of Management
The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top
management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional
functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in big enterprises, there
may be senior and junior middle level management. Their role can be emphasized as -
• They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management.
• They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
• They participate in employment & training of lower level management.
• They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.
• They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department.
• It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management.
• They evaluate performance of junior managers.
• They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance.
Lower Level of Management
Lower level is also known as supervisory/operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman,
section officers, superintendent etc. According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory management refers to those executives
whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees”. In other words, they
are concerned with direction and controlling function of management. Their activities include -
• Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.

• They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.
• They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production.
• They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.
• They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher
level goals and objectives to the workers.
• They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
• They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.
• They are responsible for providing training to the workers.
• They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the things done.
• They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers.
• They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
• They motivate workers.
• They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers.

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Roles of the management level
Top level Middle level Low level
Give the essential guidance Follow the standards and Workers should be informed
for creating departmental directives of management about top-level goals and
schedules, budgets, and other when implementing objectives as well as
documents. organizational plans. difficulties, ideas, and other
forms of recommendatory
communication.
• Top management lays down hey execute the plans of the• . Assigning of jobs and tasks
the objectives and broad organization in accordance to various workers.
policies of the enterprise. with the policies and
directives of the top
management.
Control and coordinate the Interpret and explain Responsible for training
activities of all departments. guidelines from top employees.
management to lower
management.
accountable to shareholders accountable for organizing Create a corporate image
for the company's operations. operations within the since they interact with
department or division. employees directly.
gives direction and guidance. accountable for motivating Responsible for product
lower-level managers to quality and quantity
improve productivity.

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Decision-making process
Decision making is a daily activity for any human being. There is no exception about that. When it comes to
business organizations, decision making is a habit and a process as well.
Effective and successful decisions make profit to the company and unsuccessful ones make losses. Therefore,
corporate decision making process is the most critical process in any organization.
In the decision making process, we choose one course of action from a few possible alternatives. In the process of
decision making, we may use many tools, techniques and perceptions.
In addition, we may make our own private decisions or may prefer a collective decision.
Usually, decision making is hard. Majority of corporate decisions involve some level of dissatisfaction or conflict
with another party.

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Let's have a look at the decision making process in detail.
8 Steps of Decision Making Process

Following are the important steps of the decision making process. Each step may be supported by different tools
and techniques.

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Step 1: Identification of the purpose of the decision

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In this step, the problem is thoroughly analysed. There are a couple of questions one should ask when
it comes to identifying the purpose of the decision.
• What exactly is the problem?
• Why the problem should be solved?
• Who are the affected parties of the problem?
• Does the problem have a deadline or a specific time-line?
Step 2: Information gathering
A problem of an organization will have many stakeholders. In addition, there can be dozens of factors
involved and affected by the problem.
In the process of solving the problem, you will have to gather as much as information related to the
factors and stakeholders involved in the problem. For the process of information gathering, tools such
as 'Check Sheets' can be effectively used.
Step 3: Principles for judging the alternatives

In this step, the baseline criteria for judging the alternatives should be set up. When it comes to
defining the criteria, organizational goals as well as the corporate culture should be taken into
consideration.
As an example, profit is one of the main concerns in every decision making process. Companies usually
do not make decisions that reduce profits, unless it is an exceptional case. Likewise, baseline principles
should be identified related to the problem in hand.
Step 4: Brainstorm and analyse the different choices

For this step, brainstorming to list down all the ideas is the best option. Before the idea generation
step, it is vital to understand the causes of the problem and prioritization of causes.
For this, you can make use of Cause-and-Effect diagrams and Pareto Chart tool. Cause-and-Effect
diagram helps you to identify all possible causes of the problem and Pareto chart helps you to prioritize
and identify the causes with highest effect.
Then, you can move on generating all possible solutions (alternatives) for the problem in hand.
Step 5: Evaluation of alternatives

Use your judgement principles and decision-making criteria to evaluate each alternative. In this step,
experience and effectiveness of the judgement principles come into play. You need to compare each
alternative for their positives and negatives.
Step 6: Select the best alternative

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Once you go through from Step 1 to Step 5, this step is easy. In addition, the selection of the best
alternative is an informed decision since you have already followed a methodology to derive and select
the best alternative.
Step 7: Execute the decision

Convert your decision into a plan or a sequence of activities. Execute your plan by yourself or with the
help of subordinates.
Step 8: Evaluate the results

Evaluate the outcome of your decision. See whether there is anything you should learn and then correct
in future decision making. This is one of the best practices that will improve your decision-making skills.
Another three types of decisions in business,

• Strategic decisions
• Tactical decisions
• Operational decisions.
2.2.1 Strategic Decisions

Strategic choices are those that take into account the complete operating environment of the
business, all of its resources, all of its employees, and the interaction between these factors.
Characteristics/Features of Strategic Decisions
• Strategic decisions have major resource propositions for an organization. These decisions may be
concerned with possessing new resources, organizing others or reallocating others.
• Strategic decisions deal with harmonizing organizational resource capabilities with the threats and
opportunities.
• Strategic decisions deal with the range of organizational activities. It is all about what they want
the organization to be like and to be about.
• Strategic decisions involve a change of major kind since an organization operates in ever-changing
environment.
• Strategic decisions are complex in nature.
• Strategic decisions are at the top most level, are uncertain as they deal with the future, and involve
a lot of risk.
• Strategic decisions are different from administrative and operational decisions. Administrative
decisions are routine decisions which help or rather facilitate strategic decisions or operational
decisions. Operational decisions are technical decisions which help execution of strategic
decisions. To reduce cost is a strategic decision which is achieved through operational decision
of reducing the number of employees and how we carry out these reductions will be
administrative decision.

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Administrative Decisions
By making "administrative choices," international organizations have the power to control their
employees. This article explains administrative decisions in more detail and shows you how to
spot judgments that can be appealed in court or through administrative review. Additionally, it
provides answers to some commonly asked concerns concerning administrative choices made at
the UN and other specialized organizations' offices.
This article does not include any legal advice. When in doubt, study your international
organization's pertinent regulations (rules might differ) and seek legal counsel.
Characteristics of Administrative Decisions:

1. Making medium-term plans (two to three years).
2. The focus is on creating performance standards, giving information to compare actual
performance to performance goals, and making attempts to narrow the performance gap.
3. Creates strategies for making the most use of available resources.
4. Strategies to raise equipment accessibility and total manufacturing output.
2.2.3 Operational Decisions

Operational decisions are short-term choices that are typically made on a weekly, daily, or hourly
basis. They are primarily concerned with operational details, daily resource allocation, inventory
control, and delivery routing to maximise product flow along biomass-based production chains.
Due to the changing internal and external conditions of supply chains and related activities,
operational decisions might be changed and amended often.
Operational decisions consist of three steps:
• Input Data
• Decision Logic
• Output or action
Characteristics of Operational Decision

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Accuracy
Good operational decisions behave like informed employees with the appropriate reports and
analysis, using data quickly and effectively to take the right action. Instead of just being aware of
the past, they use this data to get insight into the future and use that understanding to behave more
appropriately. Through micro-segmentation and intense customisation, they target their customers
using information about them.
Flexibility
Operational choices must be made quickly to reflect new possibilities, organisations, and threats;
otherwise, their value will quickly deteriorate. No modern business system can endure protracted
periods of static. Given the current competitive, economic, and regulatory context, it is impossible.
When businesses automate their transactions and procedures, they frequently discover that how
rapidly they can alter their information systems greatly affects how quickly they react to change.
Operational decisions must be simple to alter quickly and effectively to reduce missed opportunity
costs and increase overall business agility.
Consistency
Your operational decisions must be consistent throughout time and space across many channels
you use to conduct business, including the web, mobile devices, interactive voice response
systems, and kiosks. They enable you to act differently when you desire to, such as offering a
reduced price online to promote the usage of a lower-cost channel, but they make sure that you
don’t act differently unintentionally. These systems support the people who directly work for you
and the third parties and agents who represent you. They ensure you stay out of trouble by
upholding your company’s laws, rules, and social preferences everywhere it conducts business.
They continually provide your employees with a top-notch experience.

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Timely
You need to act as quickly as possible. Your competition is only three clicks away, as they say
online. Your coworkers are developing short attention spans and a lack of patience. The systems
that manage your supply and demand chains must act swiftly and shrewdly as they become more
real-time. You must reduce wait times for these associates as fewer staff handle more clients,
partners, and suppliers. You must make a choice swiftly and take action.
Cost-effective
Operational choices must, above all, be economical. Cost cutting is still crucial despite significant
efficiency improvements and reductions in previous years. Effective operational choices reduce
costly reports and needless tasks. They lessen fraud and avoid penalties. They enable your
employees to work more effectively and allocate their time wisely. They ensure that you get as
many things correctly the first time and steer clear of costly “do-overs.” They lessen friction,
which slows down operations and raises expenses.
The differences between Strategic, Administrative and Operational decisions can be summarized as follows-
Strategic Decisions Administrative Decisions Operational Decisions
Strategic decisions are long-term Administrative decisions are Operational decisions are not
decisions. taken daily. frequently taken.
These are considered where The These are short-term based These are medium-period based
future planning is concerned. Decisions. decisions.
Strategic decisions are taken in These are taken according to These are taken in accordance
Accordance with organizational strategic and operational with strategic and administrative
mission and vision. Decisions. decision.
These are related to overall Counter These are related to working of These are related to production.
planning of all Organization. employees in an Organization.

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These deal with organizational These are in welfare of These are related to production
Growth. employees working in an and factory growth.
organization.
Making strategic judgments means keeping the project's long-term success in mind. Along with
the organization's personnel, resources, and processes, the environment in which it operates as a
whole has an impact on these decisions. Top management of the organization takes strategic
choices.
With the big picture and the operation's end in mind, tactical decisions are taken. The aim of
tactical decisions is to ensure that responsibility, resources, and information structures are in line
with the company's goals. Supervisors at the intermediate level make these decisions.
Operational decisions are those made on a daily basis in business. These choices help ensure that
business operations are carried out without a hitch. Operational decisions are made by junior
management.
Information System
Many who come across the term information system for the first time think of it as some software
based on information storage or something like that. Well, the name does sound that way.
However, an information system is way bigger than that. So, what is an information system?
An information system is a combination of software, hardware, and telecommunication networks

to collect useful data, especially in an organisation. Many businesses use information technology
to complete and manage their operations, interact with their consumers, and stay ahead of their
competition. Some companies today are completely built on information technology, like eBay,
Amazon, Alibaba, and Google.
Typical components of information systems
Now that you know what an information system is, let’s look at its components. It has five
components – hardware, software, data, and telecommunications.
1. Hardware – This is the physical component of the technology. It includes computers, hard
disks, keyboards, iPads, etc. The hardware cost has decreased rapidly while its speed and storage
capacity has increased significantly. However, the impact of the use of hardware on the
environment is a huge concern today. Nowadays, storage services are offered from the cloud,
which can be accessed from telecommunications networks.
2. Software – Software can be of two types, system software and application software. The system
software is an operating system that manages the hardware, program files, and other resources
while offering the user to control the PC using GUI. Application software is designed to manage

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particular tasks by the users. In short, system software makes the hardware usable while
application software handles specific tasks.
An example of system software is Microsoft windows, and an example of application software is
Microsoft Excel.
Large companies may use licensed applications which are developed and managed by software
development companies to handle their specific needs. The software can be proprietary and open
source, available on the web for free use.
3. Data – Data is a collection of facts and is useless by themselves, but when collected and
organised together, it can be very powerful for business operations. Businesses collect all the data
and use it to make decisions that can be analysed for the effectiveness of the business operations.
4. Telecommunications – Telecommunication is used to connect with the computer system or

other devices to disseminate information. The network can be established using wired or wireless
modes. Wired technologies include fiber optics and coaxial cable, while wireless technologies
include radio waves and microwaves.
Types of information systems

Transaction Processing System (TPS)
A dealings method System could also be a group of information that processes the data dealings in data system
that monitors dealings programs. The system is useful once one issue is sold-out over the online. It permits for a
time delay between once Associate in Nursing item is being sold-out to once it's really sold- out. Associate in
Nursing example is that of a sporting event tag. Whereas the shopper is filling out his or her data to urge the seat
worth tag; the dealings method system is holding the price ticket therefore another shopper cannot to boot
decease. It permits a tag to not be sold-out to 2 terribly completely different customers.
Some examples of TPS
• Payroll systems
• Order processing systems
• Reservation systems
• Stock control systems
• Systems for payments and funds transfers

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The role of TPS
• Produce information for other systems
• Cross boundaries (internal and external)
• Used by operational personnel + supervisory levels
• Efficiency oriented
Management Information Systems (MIS)
A management information system (MIS) is a computer system consisting of hardware and software that serves
as the backbone of an organization’s operations. An MIS gathers data from multiple online systems, analyses the
information, and reports data to aid in management decision- making
Some examples of MIS

• Sales management systems
• Inventory control systems
• Budgeting systems
• Management Reporting Systems (MRS)
• Personnel (HRM) systems
The role of MIS
• Based on internal information flows
• Support relatively structured decisions
• Inflexible and have little analytical capacity
• Used by lower and middle managerial levels
• Deals with the past and present rather than the future
• Efficiency oriented?

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variety of organizational assets, including:
1. Financials
2. Inventory
3. Personnel
4. Project timelines
5. Manufacturing
6. Real estate
7. Marketing
8. Raw materials
9. R&D
The MIS collects the data, stores it, and makes it accessible to managers who want to analyse the data by
running reports. (shopify.com, 2020)
Decision Support System (DSS)
A decision web (DSS) could be a processed program wont to support determinations, judgments, and courses of
action in a corporation or a business. A DSS sifts through and analyses large amounts of information, assembling
comprehensive info that may be wont to solve issues and in decision-making.
The DSS will be either utterly processed or powered by humans. In some cases, it's going to mix each. the
perfect systems analyse info and truly build selections for the user. At the terribly least, they permit human users
to create selections that area unit additional wise at a faster pace. (investopedia.com/, 2020)
Some examples of DSS
• Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
• Computer Supported Co-operative work (CSCW)
• Logistics systems
• Financial Planning systems
• Spreadsheet Models?

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The role of DSS
• Support ill- structured or semi-structured decisions
• Have analytical and/or modeling capacity
• Used by more senior managerial levels
• Are concerned with predicting the future
• Is effectiveness oriented?
Executive Support System (ESS)
Executive Support System (ESS) is software that allows users to convert business data into reports at management
level that can be accessed quickly, as used by the accounting, bookkeeping and human resources departments.
ESS improves decision making for managers. ESS is also call as the Executive Information System (EIS).
Some examples of EIS

Executive Information Systems tend to be highly individualized and are often custom made for a particular client group;
however, a number of off-the-shelf EIS packages do exist and many enterprise level systems offer a customizable EIS
module.
The role of EIS
• Are concerned with ease of use

• Are concerned with predicting the future
• Are effectiveness oriented
• Are highly flexible
• Support unstructured decisions
• Use internal and external data sources
Compare of difference information system

Characteristics Transaction Management Decision Executive
Processing Information Support System ( Support System (ESS)
System System
Users Operation persons, Middle Management Professionals, Senior managers
Supervisors Technical staff
Information Extraction Reports, Summaries, Special reports, Projections, Responses
Details, Exception repots Decision analysis, to queries
Summaries, Responses to queries

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Lists
Processing Sorting, Routing reports, Interactive, Graphics,
Listing, Simple models, LowSimulations, Analysis Simulations, Analysis
Updating, level analysis
Merging
Information Inputs Transaction, Events Summary Low volume data, Aggregate data,
transaction data, High analytic models, Data External, Internal
volume data,
Simple models analysis tool
Business Intelligence
What is Business Intelligence?

BI(Business Intelligence) is a set of processes, architectures, and technologies that convert raw data into
meaningful information that drives profitable business actions. It is a suite of software and services to transform
data into actionable intelligence and knowledge.
BI has a direct impact on organization’s strategic, tactical and operational business decisions. BI supports fact-
based decision making using historical data rather than assumptions and gut feeling.
BI tools perform data analysis and create reports, summaries, dashboards, maps, graphs, and charts to provide users
with detailed intelligence about the nature of the business.
Advantages of Business Intelligence
Here are some of the advantages of using Business Intelligence System:
1. Boost productivity
With a BI program, It is possible for businesses to create reports with a single click thus saves lots of time and
resources. It also allows employees to be more productive on their tasks.
2. To improve visibility
BI also helps to improve the visibility of these processes and make it possible to identify any areas which need
attention.
3. Fix Accountability
BI system assigns accountability in the organization as there must be someone who should own accountability and
ownership for the organization’s performance against its set goals.

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4. It gives a bird’s eye view:
BI system also helps organizations as decision makers get an overall bird’s eye view through typical BI features
like dashboards and scorecards.
5. It streamlines business processes:
BI takes out all complexity associated with business processes. It also automates analytics by offering predictive
analysis, computer modeling, benchmarking and other methodologies.
6. It allows for easy analytics.
BI software has democratized its usage, allowing even nontechnical or non-analysts users to collect and process
data quickly. This also allows putting the power of analytics from the hand’s many people.
BI System Disadvantages
1. Cost:
Business intelligence can prove costly for small as well as for medium-sized enterprises. The use of such type of
system may be expensive for routine business transactions.
2. Complexity:
Another drawback of BI is its complexity in implementation of datawarehouse. It can be so complex that it can
make business techniques rigid to deal with.
3. Limited use
Like all improved technologies, BI was first established keeping in consideration the buying competence of rich
firms. Therefore, BI system is yet not affordable for many small and medium size companies.
4. Time Consuming Implementation
It takes almost one and half year for data warehousing system to be completely implemented. Therefore, it is a
time-consuming process.
Key features of Business Intelligence functionality

Different organizations will invest in a Business Intelligence (BI) solution for different reasons depending on
their specific circumstances and industry. It’s like watching scary movies. Some of us put ourselves through the
ordeal because we enjoy the thrill. Others will just participate because it’s what everyone else is doing. And

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some go along looking for an excuse to squeeze that special someone extra tight during those Conveniently
frequent moment soft error. Regard individual agenda, here are six features you should insist upon in any BI
solution, no matter the circumstances of its application: (Yellowfin BI. 2021)
Executive dashboards
Personalized Dashboards deliver relevant, simply understood period knowledge to business leaders, sanctioning
quicker and higher decision-making while lowering response times to internal and external events. Executives
would like access to customized dashboards that deliver easy-to- perceive KPIs and outline info on a daily,
regular basis. in addition, exception news ought to alert the chief to surprising events and eventualities that need
action. customized knowledge delivery suggests that executives square measure able to build choices quickly,
with none guess, and while not having to go through extraneous info.
1. Location Intelligence
Location Intelligence is the ability to map and visualize data in geographical formats. Exploring and
visualizing data sets based on spatial elements enables organizations to understand their business
operations from new perspectives, such as sales per region.
2. “What if” analysis
What if” analysis permits businesses to assess the potential effects of important business call before they’re truly
created. mistreatment existing information, users will formulate ways to realize business targets and avoid the
default “hit and miss” approach. This helps management undertake correct strategic designing.

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3. Interactive reports
Interactive reports help users convert data into knowledge. They allow users to better understand the analysis
within reports, and the underlying data those reports are based on, to support better decision- making. User
should be able to
Drill down and through reports Conduct slice and dice OLAP analysis Apply analysis such as moving averages
and regression to highlight trends in data Use time-series zooming to scan large data sets to understand
anomalies in their data Use conditional formatting to set data alerts which highlight data exceptions
4. Meta data layer
A information layer makes news straightforward and eliminates the necessity for secret writing and SQL,
permitting users and report writers to examine and access info in straightforward business language. Users
exclusively move with knowledge at the Meta knowledge level while not having to understand the complexities
of the underlying knowledge or information.
5. Ranking reports
This feature permits you to form reports that order specific classes of data, from across multiple dimensions, by
choosing specific criteria. Ranking reports allow you to read the most effective and worst acting aspects of your
business. for instance, you may produce a report that ranks your ten popular product, regions or sales folks.

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Compare and contrast a range of information systems and technologies that can be used to support
organisations at operational, tactical and strategic levels.
The operational, tactical, and strategic levels of an organization can all be supported by one of four types of
information system technology.
Management Information System
At the management level of Ale Company, decisions are made to ensure and put into action plans that help the
business run successfully. Ale's internal information flows serve as the foundation for the system, which works
with current and historical facts rather than hypothetical ones. Managers at the lower and middle levels use this
technique. Examples of management information system (MIS) components include personnel (HRM) systems,
budgeting systems, sales management systems, and management reporting systerm

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Decision Support System
Since it supports in putting ideas and knowledge into action and gathers data on various actions that may be
undertaken to support the firm's expansion, this system is also referred to as a knowledge-based system. High
management is where this choice is made. The system at Ale Business offers semi-structured and organized
decision making, future planning, as well as analytical and modeling capabilities. DSS examples include financial
planning systems, group decision support systems, logistics systems, and computer aided cooperative labor.

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Transaction Processing Systems - To help Ale Company's operational management, this system has been built at
the operational level. The following duties are assisted by this technology for the Ale company. This system
performs a variety of operations, such as updating, validating, listing, sorting, merging, and calculating. Lists,
auction reports, and detail reports are the outputs from these inputs. Examples of TPS include, but are not limited
to, reservation systems, payroll systems, and order processing systems. These technologies record and process Ale
Company's commercial transactions. Usually, comprehensive descriptions of recent or upcoming transactions are
produced.

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Executive Information System - Executives and senior managers plan, monitor, and evaluate the numerous
actions that must be taken to ensure the company's growth at the strategic level of operation. This consists of
information from internal and external resources as well as the Ale organization. Concerns with this approach
relate to its usability at the highest management levels, simplicity of use, capacity to foresee the organization's
future, high flexibility, and successful direction.

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Task 03
3.Explain what business intelligence is and the tools and technologies associated with it by taking relevant
examples to the organization given in the scenario.
The process and technical infrastructure that gathers stores and analyzes the info generated by the activities of a
corporation is named the business intelligence. Business Intelligence is broad term covering data processing,
system analysis, benchmarking of results, and descriptive analytics. Business Intelligence analyzes all the info
generated by a corporation and provides easy-to- digest reports, quality metrics and trends that guide
management selections.
Business Intelligence helps within the fields of client identification, client support, marketing research, market
segmentation, complete productivity, applied mathematics analysis, and stock and distribution analysis. For the
transformation of data into purposeful and unjust data for Business analysis some tools and techniques square
measure utilized in business intelligence.
3.1 Business Intelligence Tools
BI tools area unit all concerning serving to you higher perceive trends and derive insights from information so as
to create strategic and military science business choices. Here’s a summary of some common business
intelligence tools firms leverage to derive insights.
Here are ten benefits business intelligence software can add to any business:
1. Fast and accurate reporting

2. Valuable business insights
3. Competitive analysis
4. Better data quality
5. Increased customer satisfaction
6. Identifying market trends
7. Increased operational efficiency
8. Improved, accurate decisions
9. Increased revenue
10. Lower margins

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benefits of using business intelligence tools
By this point, hopefully it’s clear that there are benefits to using business intelligence tools to help drive tactical
and strategic business decisions. But, let’s take a closer look at what those benefits are.
1.Data-driven decisions
Having real data on customer, client, or even employee responses to initiatives lets your organization gauge their
success, respond in an agile way, and determine whether similar initiatives will help meet business goals. For
example, if data suggests that, historically, sales of a particular item increase during a specific month and then
wane in another, you can strategically respond to those fluctuations with offers and pricing adjustments to increase
sales or revenue.
2. Improved customer experiences

By tracking KPIs related to customer satisfaction or success, or for an MSP tracking response time of technicians,
your organization can improve customer experiences. This kind of data is also what we see on major e-commerce
sites that recommend products and services similar to what we’ve already purchased or been perusing. In that way,
the benefits of business intelligence tools can benefit you whether your organization sells a product or a service.
3. Improved employee experiences

There’s no big secret to employee satisfaction. Employees want to feel seen, heard, and connected. A great way to
do that is to use BrightGauge’s goals tool and share dashboards with employees to allow them to track progress
and successes. You can even send automated reports to your team to keep them engaged and interested. There’s a
direct correlation between employee engagement and employee satisfaction and business intelligence tools can
help you strengthen that connection!
4. Competitive advantage
As noted briefly above, one of the best advantages of business intelligence tools is the access to historical and
competitor data. Analyzing both of these allows you to prepare for market forecasts, recognize service or product
gaps, and present solutions to the market when needed. Similarly, in the case of individual customers or clients, use
your business experience to proactively recognize patterns or trends and offer services to your clients before they
even know they need it.
Here are five common problems with BI tools and how you can avoid them.
1. Data Breaches
One of the most pressing concerns with any data analysis system is the risk of leaks. If you use BI applications to
handle sensitive information, an error in the process could expose it, harming your business, customers or
employees.

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More than 30% of surveyed businesses cited security issues as the biggest challenge facing BI. However, the
prevalence of this issue means many BI providers take it seriously and will provide robust safety measures. When
looking at different apps and providers, always consider their security options. It may also help to be careful about
what kinds of data you allow your BI to access.
2. High Prices
Business intelligence software can be expensive. While the potential for a high ROI can justify this, the initial price
can be a barrier to smaller companies. You also have to consider the costs of the hardware and IT staff needed to
implement the software effectively.
You can avoid paying too much by opting for self-service BI tools over a more traditional model. These systems
will allow you to avoid costly IT support and cut down the time it takes to implement or adjust your BI.
3. Difficulty Analyzing Different Data Sources

The more encompassing your BI, the more data sources you’ll use. A variety of different sources can be beneficial
in giving you well-rounded analytics, but systems may have trouble working across varied platforms.
The good news is this problem is gradually disappearing. More advanced BI systems can incorporate a range of
different data sets. You can look for an all-in-one BI software that offers these services or use independent tools
like data connectors to consolidate all your varied information.
4. Poor Data Quality

In this digital age, you have more information at your disposal than ever, but this can prove to be problematic. A
surplus of data can mean that a lot of what your BI tools analyze is irrelevant or unhelpful, muddying results and
slowing down processes.
To avoid this, you can implement a data quality management initiative. It also helps to use key performance
indicators that are relevant to your particular needs and goals.
Example for Business Intelligence Tools

01 Sisense
If you’re not tech-savvy, the Sisense metal tool can be a good possibility. it's unbelievably user friendly and
permits everybody at intervals a company to manage, analyse and visualize advanced datasets while not
involving the IT department. This tool helps you to gather information from varied sources, together with
Google Analytics and AdWords. Since this tool uses in-chip technology, processing is quicker compared to
different metal tools.
Example: Yard of Ale uses Sisense to manage their large and complex data set.

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02 SAP Business Intelligence
SAP Business Intelligence provides degree array of advanced analytics solutions in conjunction with machine
learning, metal predictive analytics, and developing with and analysis. This enterprise-level applications for
client/server systems offers info mental image and analytics applications, news and analysis, mobile analytics
and work integration. SAP could also be a durable resolution meant for all roles (management, end uses and IT)
and offers an oversized quantity of functionalities in a {very} very single platform.
Dundas BI
Dundas metal is additionally a browser-based metal tool that enables users to attach to multiple data
sources in fundamental quantity. It provides nice visualizations in tables, graphs and charts that will be made-to-
order and viewed from mobile devices and desktops. Users will simply build reports and extract positive
performance metrics for functions of study. Dudes offers support to any or all or any company varieties and
across really fully completely different industries.

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03 SAS Business Intelligence
SAS Business Intelligence is the most popular product it is advanced predictive analytics, as well as providing a
great forum for business intelligence. It is a self-service platform that allows information and measurements to
be leveraged to make informed business decisions. For integration of high-level data and advanced analytics and
reporting SAS Business Intelligence is used.
Example: Yard of Ale uses SAS Business Intelligence tool to perform advanced predictive analytics for their
company

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4. DATAPINE
BI software called datapine allows you to integrate your data from many sources and analyze it using sophisticated
capabilities (including predictive analytics and artificial intelligence). With all of your data available, you may
build an effective business dashboard (or multiple), produce pre-made or bespoke reports, or include smart alerts to
be warned of objectives and anomalies. The fact that datapine can be used for a variety of sectors, purposes, and
platforms, regardless of size, makes this tool, which has received exceptional ratings of 4.8 stars on Capterra and
4.6 stars on G2Crowd, a strong option for enterprises of all sizes.
5 INFOR BIRST
Infor Birst is a cloud-based analytics and business intelligence platform that helps in understanding and optimizing
complex analysis processes. Infor, a global company with an extensive portfolio of software products for specific
industries, acquired Birst in 2017. Today, Infor Birst is an advanced end-to-end solution with a data warehouse,
visualization and reporting platform, and a networked BI approach based on extensive automation and learning
technologies. Customers of the BI vendor rated the software with a solid 4.1 stars on Capterra and 3.9 stars on

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G2Crowd.
6. ZOHO ANALYTICS
We continue our BI tools list with Zoho Analytics. Although the company offers many products ranging from
CRM, bundles, and apps, here we focus on their BI and analytics solutions as the most relevant for our topic. With
more than 500 integrations for your business apps, more than 10 000 customers worldwide, and a strong 4.3 stars
rating on Capterra and 4.2 on G2Crowd, this is one of the business intelligence reporting tools worth taking into
consideration.
3.2 Business Intelligence Techniques
1. Analytics
Analytics is also a business intelligence technique that involves the study of getable info to extract vital insights
and trends. usually this can be often a popular metal technique since it lets businesses deeply understand the data
they have and drive final value with data- driven selections. as an example, a promoting organization can use
analytics to work out the consumer segments that unit very potential to convert to new customers, and call
centers leverage speech analytics to look at consumer sentiment, improve the consumer experience, and for
quality assurance functions, merely to decision some.

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Example: Yard of Ale uses Analytics business intelligence technique to obtain useful insights and patterns from
available data.
2. Predictive Modeling
Predictive modelling is also a metal technique that utilizes math techniques to create models that may use in
statement prospects and trends. With sibylline modelling, it's possible to predict the price for a specific data item
still as a result of the attributes using multiple math models.
Example: Yard of Ale uses Predictive modeling technique to create models that can be used in probability and
trend forecasting.
3. OLAP
Online analytical method is also a way for resolution analytical problems with entirely totally different
dimensions. the foremost very important value in OLAP is its three-D side that lets users confirm problems fro
analyst is, and financial statement .m entirely totally different views. OLAP will be accustomed complete tasks
like budgeting, CRM data
Example: Yard of Ale uses online analytical processing for solving various dimensional analytical problems for
their company.

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4. Data Mining
Data mining may be a technique for locating patterns in immense datasets and sometimes incorporates
information systems, statistics, and machine learning to seek out these patterns. Data
{processing} is associate degree integral process for information management still because the pre- processing
{of information of knowledge of information} since it ensures acceptable data structuring. finish users may
conjointly use data processing to form models that reveal these patterns. for example, a business may mine CRM
information to predict that leads can possibly obtain a particular resolution or product.
Example: Yard of Ale uses data mining technique to find patterns from huge datasets of their company.
5. Model visualization
The model visualization technique is employed to remodel the discovered facts into histograms, plots, charts and
different visuals that aid in correct interpretation of the insights.
Example: Yard of Ale uses model visualization technique to turn the discovered facts of their company into
histograms, maps, graphs and other visuals.

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3.2. Design a Managerial dash board for chief engineer using various data visualizations
methodologies that includes 6-8 widgets to present required information. Apply appropriate
customizations that can utilize to improve the managerial dashboard designed above. Critically
evaluate how your Dashboard design and the suggested enhancement
could optimize chief engineer’s performance by delivering accurate and reliable information to increase
his effectiveness.
Dashboard of YARD of ALE Developed using Microsoft power BI tool, this dashboard illustrates the company
growth and sales.
Figure 3 Dashboard.

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According to the above-illustrated BI dashboards shows the followings
1. Yard of Ale ’s growth in the year of assessment 2018/19
2. Count of sales price by product
3. Total unit by sales price
4. Total sales and product throughout the year
Arranged Data
Figure 4 Arranged Data

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Relationship between Attributes
Figure 5 Relationship between attributes

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Figure 6 profit of the year
Production dashboard of YAD ALE in the year of assessment 2019/22

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Figure 8 Data
Production and services state analysis
Figure 9 Production ans service regional analysis

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Relationship of the profit and the region vise
Figure 10 Relationship of profit and region
Company expenses throughout the year by provincial vise
Figure 11 Company expenses throughout the year by provincial vise

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Dashboard of seven Department
Mill department
We click in the dash board mill department button then system shows the
amount of raw materials required for production
from January to December of the year. This dashboard serves the mills department.
Fabrication Shop
We click in the dash board Fabrication Shop button then system shows the
cost of producing bottles of beer. And in the next
page line chart shows the total amount spent by that department month by month. This dashboard belongs to the
Product Shop Department.
Maintenance and Repair

We click in the dash board Maintenance and Repair button then system shows the price of replacement parts used in repairs. And next
page show us the maintenance and repair department of the factory. This chart shows the total amount allocated for the year.
Water Purification Amount
We click in the dash board Water Purification Amount button then system shows how much water we use and The amount of water we
used in the respective months is shown separately
Waste Treatment Plant

Click button then that shows us the waste that is removed from the facility and how mush west waste removed month by
month.
Bottling Plant

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That next page have the number of bottles produced in a given month.
Brewhouse
In the that page have line graph that depicts the revenue from beer sales over the course of a year. The Brewhouse
department of the beer firm owns this dashboard.
Provide a critical review of the design in terms of how it meets a specific

user or business requirement and identify what customization has been
integrated into the design.
Yard of ale department Dash board
Company intelligence is the collection, analysis, and transformation of unstructured data into information
that is useful for business operations. Business intelligence's main objective is to support better corporate
decision-making. Making decisions is an important and difficult process. To help decision makers select
the best alternative, quantitative procedures that improve decision quality overall are applied.
Furthermore, choosing between several courses of action, including idleness, is referred to as decision-

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making. Although it is feasible to argue that management requires decision-making, most of the choices
taken by managers inside organizations are unsuccessful. As a result, a key component of increasing job
effectiveness is boosting decision-making efficiency. I developed Excel-based decision-making software
to do this. I created an interface for an IT company's data analysis based on a scenario.by clicking those
button we can enter to that department details like vise what happen month by month that dash board
show to us every details in side the that department .
enabling them to establish better strategies and policies for the operation and growth of their company.
Additionally, by removing the need to acquire multiple types of analytic tools, it facilitates the
identification and solving of issues. Anyone can easily use this interface, negating the need for a
specialist. In addition, they may establish a successful plan with sound judgment, making business
development straightforward.
Our company provided some code for the users, and if they need any adjustments, they can do them
themselves or just create the code themselves if they merely want to alter the user interface by including a
few buttons for other charts or data analysis methods.. The user must have MS-Excel installed on their
device in order to use these interfaces because they can only be utilized with that software. Customers
may just use these interfaces since they let them transform organizational data into graphical form, which
facilitates analysis. The main advantages of using this approach are time savings, increased efficacy,
enhanced interpersonal communication, lower costs, a competitive advantage, increased decision maker
satisfaction, and so on. This application does have certain drawbacks, such as the fact that it is only
accessible to desktop users, information overload, an excessive emphasis on decision-making, a
devaluation of subjectivity, etc. Because of this, decision-making software helps the organization
improve. With its help, any task can be easily done, and the business may advance toward success.
BI Dashboard

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Figure 16 Dashboard
Microsoft Power BI Tool analyze data that users input and/or are fed from data sources. Then it organizes that
data according to any patterns or trends it finds. Next, it presents those patterns in visualizations, allowing even
users unfamiliar with any kind of statistical analysis to understand the information being presented. By showing
all, the summarized information in dashboard Yard of Ale itself helps to achieve the organizational
requirements.
Following are the four key business intelligence applications that can help improve your organization’s
operations and helps to meets the organizational requirements.
1. Sales Intelligence
2. Visualization
3. Reporting
4. Performance management

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Sales Intelligence
Figure 17 Sales Intelligence
A key application of BI tool focuses on where your business meets the customer. Through the applications of
business analytics and intelligence, this process is becoming smoother and more predictable.
The reports and dashboards generated by power BI are also very useful for backing up claims with easy-to-
interpret data for potential client. Yard of Ale ’s Managers can utilize the information gleaned from BI analysis
to make data-driven decisions based on hard data and forecasting.
Visualization
Business intelligence software utilizes a range of data analytic tools that are designed to analyze and manage
data related to your business operations. This data, presented in the form of visualizations, allows the
organization to monitor logistics, sales, productivity and much more for meets the organizational requirements.

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Reporting
A crucial business application of BI is reporting. As we have covered, business intelligence tools collect and
study unstructured sets of data in addition to organizing and using them to generate a range of different types of
reports. These can include staffing, expenses, sales, customer services, and other processes.
Reporting and data analysis are similar, but they vary significantly in purpose, delivery, tasks and value.
Reporting is the process of organizing data in summaries with the intention of monitoring business performance.
With BI applications, Yard of Ale can monitor goal progress based on pre-defined or customizable timeframes.
The data driven goals may include project completion deadlines, target delivery time, or sales goals BI system
can analyze previous year of data and suggest a reasonable goal to aim for based on past performance.
Following are the other features, which power BI, creates for Yard of Ale Axiata plc.
1. Predictive Analytics
2. Data Mining
3. ETL
4. OLAP
5. Drill-Down
Conclusion
By performing the reporting and analytical process using Microsoft Power BI, Its helps Yard of Ale to enhance
and achieve the organizational goals and requirement in an effective manner. As mentioned above reporting,
visualization, OLAP and performance management are the key features which YAD of ALY using to get the
work done in an effective way.

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TASK 04
4. Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools and technologies for effective decision-
making purposes and the legal/regulatory context in which they are used
4.1 Discuss how business intelligence tools can contribute to effective decision-making
Decision-making process starts from the need to solve the problem by identifying this problem and the variables
that have impact on business functions. The general framework of the decision-making process is recommended
to includes four stages, Intelligence, design choice and implementation. In the operational level, the decisions
have taken to support a daily basis procedure and to meet operational level strategies and objectives. The
strategies at the operational level are the input for middle management level. At the same time at the middle
management level, decisions made to predict future forecast of resources and efficient allocation of these
resources. At the executive level, strategic decisions are being made to meet business objectives and to assure
validation and verification of these decisions. BI system and components play a major role in decision- making
process.
Company intelligence is the collection, analysis, and transformation of unstructured data into information that is
useful for business operations. Business intelligence's main objective is to support better corporate decision-
making. Business intelligence may provide a company with a variety of data resources that may guide timely
strategic decisions and help the company accomplish its goals and objectives. Firm intelligence gathering teams
may thoroughly assess customer interactions through phone, email, online chat, and other channels in order to
obtain critical insights that may be effectively applied to provide excellent value to the business in the long term.
Being in charge of making decisions is ultimately what it means to be in business. Every form of business
depends on decisions, and making the right choice at the right moment may make all the difference.
Undoubtedly, things have grown difficult. We are far more interconnected, things change very rapidly, and we
must act quickly while managing greatly increased complexity. There always appears to be too much
information to keep track of and insufficient tools to organize it all. Studies show that the most prosperous
businesses effectively use data in their decision-making.
Let's look at a specific illustration. The marketing division's bottom line is boosted as a result. It helps businesses
evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing initiatives and yields. Additionally, it helps them adjust their
spending to optimize ROI. Business intelligence helps sales teams choose the best course of action and best
practices, calculate the cost and duration of customer acquisition, optimize processes, and analyze year-over-year

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turnover and sales. Employee turnover, attrition rates, the hiring process, and other variables are tracked and
managed by the human resources department with the use of business intelligence. In addition to these, business
intelligence will benefit every other corporate activity, either directly or indirectly. In all industries, including e-
commerce, media, non-profits, healthcare, communications, financial services, energy, and others, the proper use
of this strategy has produced outstanding outcomes. Business information assists in decision-making since it has
a number of important aspects. Examples of these include ad hoc reporting, interactive data visualization,
database connection, mobile business intelligence, predictive analytics, and mobile business intelligence. Now
let's look more closely at each of these elements.
Decision-making tools use in business intelligence
The following table shows the utilization and the benefits of BI components for decision-making.
Table 3 Impact and importance of BI
BI component Benefits
On-Line Analytical Processing i. Analyze huge amount of data from different

sources Data models Reports and conclusion
generation
Advance Analytical i. Analyze huge amount of data from
different sources
ii. Data models
iii. Statistical reports
Data warehouses and data marts i. Storage for huge amount of data Input for
using OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
techniques Provides

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multidimensional view of data
Data Mining Detailed reports Provides future prediction
based on historical data
1. Interactivity
Business intelligence uses decision-making tools There should be a lot of interaction between the dashboard and
the difference report. There should be interaction, for instance, if someone is seeing and reviewing the total sales
report. This will enable the user to go deeper into the data to identify sales by area, by product, by time period, and
so forth. The more people you interact with, the more important information you receive and the more accurate
decisions you can make.
2. Visualization of data
Data visualization in the proper format is critical since it allows for a better comprehension of the data. For
example, rather than just words or verbal communication, monthly sales might be represented using a line graph.
Similarly, a pie chart may be the ideal way to depict a component-wise contribution. Only when data is represented
correctly can meaningful information be derived from it.
3. Database connectivity
During a business intelligence procedure, the analysts in charge should be able to retrieve information by
connecting to various databases and online services, allowing them to get the correct information regardless of its
source. With the correct information, helpful recommendations that can aid a company's growth may be provided.
4. Integration of applications
A business intelligence tool should be simple to connect with your existing application or program, whether written
in Java, C, Ruby, PHP, or another platform.
5. Predictive modeling
Certain forecasts may be produced using past data and advanced algorithms, such as the possibility of consumers
returning for repeat business, projected revenue, predicted region-wise sales, machine failure, and so on. This
might assist a corporation in being proactive.

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Importance Impact
Functions for targeted and quick research that Technology problems (problems of hardware
allow you to find and present relevant technologies, development systems and BI
information in a current and consistent form software product itself)
Preparation of access to information according Development problems (engineering problems
to factual and problem-related, possibly due to difficulties with the task area, with the
multidimensional criteria tools and with the developers)
Illustration of tasks and problems using Application problems (complexity of
meaningful, realistic models application areas)
Information processing and evaluation by Maintenance problems (missing or deficient
powerful methods care and maintenance)
Presentation of results in understandable forms Responsibility issues and acceptance issues (the
of presentation with multimedia techniques user)
(data, texts, graphics, images, and language)
Support of own work organization (for Qualification problems (for all participants)
example scheduling) Problems of false expectation (wrong
assessment of BI technologies)
(Researchleap.com-2018)

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4.2 Describe the legal/ regulatory issues involved in the secure exploitation of business intelligence
tools yard OF ALE
Legal Issues in Business Intelligence Tool, Several legal issues must be addressed to implement and manage an
effective BI program across the yard OF ALY internal and external supply chains.
In the event of yard OF ALE corporate policies should be designed with a view towards capturing the innovation
opportunities that come from analyzing contractual compliance and other operational and performance data
governance with the legal and regulatory laws.
yard OF ALY BI tool, process data from different sources and different data types. The company needs to ensure
that it has legal rights to access and use all data that it wishes to analyze.
1. Yard of Ale should specify, in its third-party supply chain and service contracts, that
performance data obtained from evaluating the services of the service provider belong to the
customer and may be used for any internal purposes of yard OF ALE
2. Service providers, may wish to prevent the publication of performance outcomes through the use of
appropriate confidentiality agreements.
3. The question of data rights management can become a contentious issue in case of a disputed
termination for cause, so the outsourcing contract should address how to handle performance
metrics and their disclosure in any dispute resolution process.
Identifying BI Security Risks:

If neglected, the act of creating, receiving, or keeping data always carries a risk. At the very least, those who
include BI strategies into their operations are more aware of their data, what it is, and where it is kept. Knowledge
does not, however, guarantee safety. Data that is extremely sensitive and easily understandable is what is learned
through BI and data analysis, which makes it even more appealing to hackers. If they can take data that has already
been analyzed, they are taking the key to your success. Think about a car thief. Instead of just robbing a garage
with spare parts, they are boosting Ferraris right off the showroom floor.

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Policy Enforceability
To maintain data integrity, stakeholders could consider naming a corporate czar to supervise data entry. Front-end
low-quality data is incompatible with actionable BI.
Competencies for Leadership

Leadership competencies are traits and skills that support effective work performance. By applying various
business intelligence tools, a person may enhance leadership skills and make better business decisions by
analyzing the current situation. This increases the output of the company's products. In addition, business
intelligence technologies may help a company create a vision and strategy so that it can make better decisions
on its policies and quickly address risks. Additionally, any type of device modification, change, or monitoring
within an organization is possible without causing a problem.
training and assistance.
A powerful BI platform will almost certainly generate data sets significantly larger than those clients are
accustomed to analyzing. Law departments should expect their solution providers to assist them in identifying and
developing process-specific analytics. To put the process into context, you must have a deep understanding of the
industry. Certain industries—law is not one of them—perform significantly better than others when it comes to
interpreting process-driven data. Consider the realm of finance, where financial organizations exist only due to data
accuracy. Consider customer deposits, portfolio summaries, and earnings reporting. Or public corporations whose
financial statements must adhere to highly regulated industry accounting norms. A solution provider who is
knowledgeable with the legal business should also ensure that law departments not only have the information they
need, but that they also know what they want to do with that information. The two are not the same, and solution
providers play a crucial role in this respect as teachers and long-term strategic partners. (2019, Forbes.com)
.

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Statutory laws that governance the exploitation of yard OF ALE.
Federal Information Security Management Act

Congress passed the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) to promote the security of federal
agency information systems. FISMA requires that agencies create and implement security programs and report
the results of these programs to the Office of Management and Budget,
Cybercrime Laws
Federal and state cybercrime laws prohibit, among other things, gaining unauthorized access to computer
systems, damaging computer systems, or spreading malware. The federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is a
criminal statute. It creates a private right of action for victims of certain categories of cybercrimes.
Following are tools to avoid the legal and regulatory issues yard OF ALY
1. Vulnerabilities in exploring BI Security
The basic of security is that if you leave any data unattended it is going to cause you enough damage. When you
churn out enough data and produce them at large scale, you need to have a system in place to keep them secured.
2. Ensure the best Cloud Options
The first thing to protect is the very Business Intelligence tool that is in operation, and it requires a tight security.
Nearly every organization considers cloud as an important part of the business and analytical strategy, despite
the security concern they still go with it.
3. Encrypting Data
Knowing the fact that hacker is always eyeing Business Intelligence more than anything, one should ensure that
data is secure once it is unraveled. The data must be encrypted before it is stored or sent across to someone else

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4. Authenticate Permission and access
Business Intelligence is a powerful tool, and with power comes responsibility, so if the power falls into the
wrong hand it can cause catastrophe. So it is always good to keep the access to a limited few, even if you feel it
is safe to share with all employees or stakeholders.
5. Data Security and BI
Most of the business leaders think that business intelligence is about sourcing insight about their business, but
most do not anticipate that BI can be used for security. Business Intelligence can use to analyze data, which can
discover network inconsistencies, network flaws, technical and other issues.
6. Third-Party Supervision
Outsourcers and vendors perform many key roles for Covered Entities. When performing these functions, they
will likely have access to security-sensitive information. Covered Entities should put into place appropriate
agreements to require that third-party service providers protect the security of such information.
7. Physical Safeguards
Physical safeguards consist of the business policies, procedures, and recordkeeping required protecting a
Covered Entity’s physical facilities and equipment that contain security-sensitive information against specified
hazards.
CONCLUSION
Outsourcing engagements have spawned “big data” that can be analyzed for improvements to core processes
such as brand management, customer satisfaction, product design and development. The legal framework for BI
carefully planned and implemented to ensure that the enterprise retains flexibility, legal rights and avoids
potential infringement in pursuing its mission and innovating its core processes of Yard of Ale and the functions
to avoid the exploitation.

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Identify new Business Intelligence trends and technologies that can be further enhance the
operational activities in the selected organizational context
Following are the new trends and technologies of BI tools in 2019, will see these technologies and trends how it
will helps Yard of Ale to enhance the organizational operation activities
1. Data Quality Management.

2. Data Discovery.
3. Artificial Intelligence.
4. Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics Tools.
5. Connected Clouds.
6. Data Governance and Trust.
7. Security – Digital Ethics and Privacy.
8. Growing Importance of the CDO & CAO.
Data Quality Management

The development of business intelligence to analyze and extract value from the countless sources of data that we
gather at a high scale.
Understand the impact of data quality on analysis and further decision-making process and hence choose to
implement a Data Quality Management (DQM) policy, department, or techniques. In addition, this will helps
Yard of Ale to make an effective decision-making.
Data Discovery
Data discovery has increased its impact in the last year. The already mentioned survey conducted by the
Business Application Research Center listed data discovery in the top 3-business intelligence trends by the
importance hierarchy.

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By using the data discovery policies of BI it may help in a way of Easy to use, Agile and flexible, Reduces time
to insight and Allows easy handling of a high volume and variety of data
Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics Tools.

Predictive analytics is the practice of extracting information from existing data sets in order to forecast future
probabilities. It is an extension of data mining, which refers only to past data. Predictive analytics includes
estimated future data and therefore always includes the possibility of errors from its definition.
Connected Clouds
The cloud will continue its reign with more and more companies moving towards it because of the proliferation
of cloud-based tools available on the market. Moreover, entrepreneurs will learn how to embrace the power of
cloud analytics, where most of the elements – data sources, data models, and processing applications, computing
power, analytic models and data storage – are located in the cloud.
By adopting, the BI as connected cloud will be the efficient way for the Business functional analysis. Cost
effective, backup plans, Data reliable and disaster recovery are the main benefits can be enjoyed, if Yard of Ale
connect the cloud in the function of BI analysis.
Data Governance and Trust.
According to the Data Governance Institute, data governance is “the exercise of decision-making and authority
for data-related matters.” In other words, it is the control over any data entry that has to be made accordingly to
particular standards. Organizations will increase the focus on data governance and data quality.

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4.3 Conduct research to identify specific examples of organisations that have used business
intelligence tools to enhance or improve operations
1 Cementos Argos: BI Improves Financial Efficiency

Cementos Argos is a cement company with operations in the U.S., Central and South America and the Caribbean.
Challenge: The company looked for an overall competitive advantage and a way to support better decision-making.
Solution: Cementos Argos created a dedicated business analytics center. The company invested in experienced business
analysts and data science teams and used BI to leverage data.
Results: The company standardized the finance process and applied big data to gain more in-depth insight into customer
behavior which yielded a higher profitability level.
2 Baylis & Harding: BI Provides Decision Making Process Support

Baylis & Harding is a wholesale distributor specializing in world-class toiletries and gift sets found in major and independent
resellers.
Challenge: The company needed to give managers and executives greater visibility into financial, customer and sales data to
make better decisions and expand the business.
Solution: Managers and executives used business intelligence tools to create standard and ad hoc reports.
Results: Company executives and managers now have instant access to the business data they need to act proactively. They
can create custom dashboards with KPIs relevant to their areas of focus and share the goals and performance details with their
teams without having to request a custom report from IT.
3 Sabre Airline Solutions: BI Accelerates Business Insights

Sabre Airline Solutions provides booking tools, revenue management, web and mobile itinerary tools, as well as other
technology, for airlines, hotels and other companies in the travel industry.
• Challenge: The travel industry is remarkably fast paced. And Sabre's clients needed advanced tools that could provide real-
time data on customer behavior and actions.
• Solution: Sabre developed an enterprise travel data warehouse (ETDW) to hold its enormous amounts of data. Sabre

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executive dashboards provide near real-time insights in user-friendly environments with a 360-degree overview of business
health, reservations, operational performance and ticketing.
• Results: The scalable infrastructure, graphic user interface, data aggregation and ability to work collaboratively have led to
more revenue and increased client satisfaction.
4 Spear Education: BI Streamlines Internal Processes and Workflow

Spear Education is a leader in continuing education for dentists.
• Challenges: Spear's phone system was lacking functionality that could make its customer service reps work more efficiently
and provide better customer service. For example, their phone system didn’t record calls and wasn’t connected to a
customer relationship management (CRM) tool.
• Solution: After some research, Spear connected its call center software with its BI solution to maintain more thorough
customer interaction records and provide a complete view of customer interactions.
• Results: After implementing a new solution for their contact center, Spear increased agent efficiency and saved the company
35 hours of rep time per week. Spear's agents now reinvest that time by placing 4,000 more outbound calls every week.
5 Univision: BI Increases Market Spend Efficiency

Univision is an American Spanish-language, free-to-air television network. It’s the largest provider of Spanish-language
content in the country.
• Challenge: Univision wanted more visibility into its data to unify and focus on targeted ad campaigns.
• Solution: Programmatic TV is an automated and data-driven approach to buying and delivering ads against video content on
television, including ads served across the web, mobile devices and connected TVs, as well as linear TV ads served across
set-top boxes. With BI powered with information from applications like Facebook, Google Analytics and Adobe Analytics,
the company can obtain more value from its programmatic advertising.
• Results: Univision achieved an 80% growth in yield during the first quarter after implementing business intelligence.

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Evaluate how organizations could use business intelligence to extend their target audience and make them
more competitive within the market, taking security legislation into consideration
Business Intelligence tool used by yard OF ALY. In addition, the tool itself helps an organization to find the
audience group of an organization. In the event of having the Accurate BI analysis using BI tool to analyze
information that provide important insights in customer patterns which supports strategic management to
understand customer preferences. With the customer information gathered through data mining and analytics
techniques of BI better marketing campaigns could be organized to target right set of audience.
One of the main reasons behind the rising demand for tools that deliver Business Intelligence tool is that it’s
never been more important to understand how yard OF ALY and its customers are interacting with you and how
best to reach them – or, more accurately, to encourage them to reach you. Without this knowledge, you are likely
to find yourself falling behind your competitors.
The overriding goal of a BI initiative is to convert yard OF ALY information into structured, analyzable insight
– in other words, real business intelligence that can inform strategic decision-making across the company. Based
on our customers’ own experiences, it’s clear that having up-to-date, data-driven intelligence at your fingertips
not only leads to better business decisions but will ultimately contribute to superior financial performance.
In particular, smart technologies are being embraced to track, inform, guide, manage and measure Customer
Experience – embedding the notion firmly into the Yard of Ale ’s culture that every team and every individual
bears responsibility for putting the customer at the heart of the business.
By provide or upload data with the tool used by yard OF ALY, It gives a future trend analysis report and the
target age group. For an example most of Business group uses the prepaid connections in the future target market
of the Prepaid connection will be Business people.
Let’s explore the bits and pieces of business intelligence and guide you towards the path that will help you
transform your business process; making you successful.

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1. Smarter decision-making process
Being a business owner or at the managerial level having a firm grip on your organizational data is important. Information
doesn’t generally mean intelligence especially it is scattered all around the organization.
The sole purpose if business intelligence is to get your organizational information structured and analyzable. Business
intelligence enables businesses in strategic decision-making. Having a system in place that keeps your organizational at a
centralized location and up-to-date, leads to better business decisions and superior financial performance.
A smart sales CRM (Customer Relationship Management) solution plays a pivotal role as it bridges the gap between
managers and subordinates. The gap is bridged as the system delivers a range of key business metrics such as
• Productivity
• Team performance
• Customer product/service preferences
• Sales cycles
• Customer purchase behavior
• Core customers
• Revenues and
• Market trends
All these metrics have their own sets of data that are compiled inside sales CRM. The CRM then uses its reporting feature for
analyzing this bulk data. Once the analysis is done by the CRM system it provides the data in the form of facts and figures
which the upper management of a company uses to pinpoint any discrepancies. In short, the business owner, rather than going
for the intuition, backs his decision with hard facts that the CRM reports to him.
2. Better productivity
With the help of business intelligence, business owners can

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• Get rid of bottlenecks
• Refine their business process
• Automate their daily tasks
• Be more organized
• Prioritize their tasks without manual labor
With a successful business intelligence implementation, businesses can provide better customer service, using salespeople’s
selling time more productively. The efficiency of the business element enhances at the senior level with the automated
reporting and intuitive dashboards. That allows them to track every single piece of information regarding contacts and deals
with a few clicks.
With the centralization of data, the customer data is accessible by the upper management on any device via Cloud, cutting
down the administration time. People who work on-the-go don’t need to make calls to their offices for retrieving every single
piece of information. They can just add their daily updates inside the app and every information gets updated without extra
manual effort, keeping the business data integrated.
3. Better ROI
The points discussed above point out only one single fact, improving the organization’s ROI. Return on investments is the
priority of every business because that way they can quickly start focusing on generating extra revenue and expansion. CRM
system that comes with built-in business intelligence tend to help businesses in improving their daily
• Sales efficiency,
• Sales deal conversion metrics
• Customer Experience
These systems help in analyzing the bulk data without taking up much time and help businesses craft their future growth
strategies. With all the right insight and disciplines that are enabled by business intelligence software, businesses can easily
capitalize on modern outlook towards handling their ongoing sales and after-sales services. This also saves the business
owners from all the unnecessary cloud of hypotheses and preconceptions that generally set businesses on the wrong course.
4. Planning a better future for the business

Investment on better business intelligence software and equally skilled professionals for handling these tools allow businesses
to boost their ability to anticipate the market trend and consumer buying traits.
Once businesses understand the consumer buying pattern they can create a plan that is derived from the comparison of the
buying history and the projections made by the business intelligence tool. Doing so not only allows them to have a better

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knowledge about their customers, but it also allows optimal resource utilization.
5.. Turning data into actionable information

2018 has seen big data play a major role in discovering the way consumers think, research, buy and churn. The rate of data
creation will only accelerate in the coming time. The major reason for this acceleration is the boom in social media channels.
The numbers or posts uploaded, the photos and videos added to the timeline, the tweets sent, etc are just going to increase the
flow of data into the digital world.
A business that takes the first step in connecting their official social media channel with the business intelligence software
will take advantage of developing trends, staying in touch with their customer base and be always top on customer service.
Making a sense of all that petabytes of data will be handled by business intelligence. All the collected data can be easily
turned into actionable information which will help the businesses gain the much-required head-start that will keep them ahead
of their competition.

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Organizational benefits of implementing business intelligence
1. Quick answers to critical business questions.

2. Align activities with strategy.
3. Reduce time spent on data entry and manipulation.
4. Gain in depth real time insights into customers.
5. Benchmark data against competitor and historical data for continuous improvements.
6. Identify and analyze areas to cut costs and for budget allocation.
7. Boost internal productivity by spending time on what is important.
Organizations should evaluate potential legal concerns before commencing an assessment, particularly, if the
assessment involves intrusive tests (e.g., penetration testing) or if the assessment is to be performed by an
external entity. Legal departments may review the assessment plan, address privacy concerns, and perform other
functions in support of assessment planning.
Following are legal and Legislation Act applicable for Yard OF ally and other organization
Electronic Communication Privacy Act 1986

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) is a law that specifies it is illegal to tap, or capture
communication, over wires. In addition to the ECPA, there are also state laws that cover wiretapping legality.
For researchers the important thing to understand about these laws is consent. To legally capture electronic
communication requires consent.
Federal Privacy Act 1974

The Privacy Act of 1974 establishes a code of fair information practices that governs the collection,
maintenance, use, and dissemination of information about individuals that is maintained in systems of records by
federal agencies. A system of records is a group of records under the control of an agency from which
information is retrieved by the name of the individual or by some identifier assigned to the individual.
(justice.gov-2019)

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Reference
Appian.com. 2021. Business Process Definition. [online] Available at: <https://appian.com/bpm/busine
definition.html#:~:text=A%20business%20process%20is%20a,will%20accomplish%20an%20organizational
&text=Operational%20processes%20constitute%20the%20core%20business.> [4 12 2022].
Igi-global.com. 2021. What is Supporting Process | IGI Global. [online] Available at: <https://www.igi-
global.com/dictionary/supporting-
process/28803#:~:text=Supporting%20processes%20accompany%20the%20%E2%80%9Cprimary,process%
%20all%20supporting%20processes.> [Accessed 5 12 2022].
Tableau. 2021. Business Intelligence: What It Is, How It Works, Its Importance, Examples, & Tools. [online]
at:<https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/business-
intelligence#:~:text=Why%20is%20business%20intelligence%20important%3F&text=Business%20intellige
an%20help%20companies,run%20smoother%20and%20more%20efficiently.> [Accessed 15 06 2022].
En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Management process - Wikipedia. [online] Available at:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_process> [Accessed 5 12 2022].
Gramlich, M., 2021. What is structured, semi structured and unstructured data? › Michael Gramlich. [online
Available at: <https://www.michael-gramlich.com/what-is-structured-semi-structured- and-unstructured- data
(Accessed 5 12 2022
Technology, B., 2021. Business Processes and Information Technology. [online] Ufdc.ufl.edu. Available at:
<https://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00011668/00001> [Accessed 16 12 2022].
Inc.com. 2021. Management Information Systems (MIS) - Encyclopedia - Business Terms. [online] Available
<https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/management-information-systems-mis.html> [Accessed 13 12 2022]..

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12/27/2022 Unit 14: Business

KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA

Program title HND in Computing

Assessor Internal Verifier

Assignment title Applying BI solutions to enhance and improve business operations

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

Has the work been assessed

Is the feedback to the student:

Does the assessment decision need

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if required)

pg. 1 KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA REG NO=COL00078912

Assessor signature Date

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Assignment Number Assessor

LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

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Feedback: Student to Assessor

Student signature Date

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Word Processing Rules

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I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

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Student Name /ID Number REG NO=COL00078912

Unit Number and Title Unit 14 : Business Intelligence

Academic Year 2021/2022

Assignment Title Business Process Support Mechanisms

IV Name & Date

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Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

LO1 Discuss business processes and the mechanisms

P1 Examine, using examples, the terms ‘Business

M1 Differentiate between unstructured and semi-

D1 Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using

LO2 Compare the tools and technologies associated

P2 Compare the types of support available for business

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P3 Determine, with examples, what business

P4 Design a business intelligence tool, application or

M3 Customise the design to ensure that it is user

D3 Provide a critical review of the design in terms of

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LO4 Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools

M4 Conduct research to identify specific examples of

KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA 16

KAHAVITAGE DON CHAMINDU DIMANTHA KUMARA 17