GENSOC

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GENDER SOCIALIZATION future prescribed gender roles for

children.
Is the process by which
individuals are taught how to socially EXAMPLE CANALIZATION
behave in accordance with their BOYS
assigned gender, which is assigned at • Playing Legos and Trucks.
birth based on their biological sex. • Loves Blue
• Wear three-piece suits, overalls, and
The process of learning the social super hero pajamas.
expectations and attitudes associated
with one’s sex. Boys learn to be boys GIRLS
and Girls learn to be girls. • Playing with dolls and kitchen sets.
• Loves Pink
AGENTS OF GENDER • Wear dresses and heart or
SOCIALIZATION flower-covered outfits

● FAMILY VERBAL APPELLATION


● SCHOOL Children are given nicknames or
● PEERS pet names that are appropriate for their
● MEDIA sex.
● RELIGION
● LIFE ACTIVITY EXPOSURE
Exposing Children to Gender
1. PARENTS/FAMILY Appropriate Tasks or Activities. Children
observe their parents or other elders
Parents are typically a child’s first and try to be like them.
source of information about gender.
Upon the birth of the child, parents EXAMPLE
orient the children with different BOYS
expectations relative to their sex. • Engage in more roughhousing with his
● The family has the power to father
influence individual self-concept, • Mechanical activities
emotions, attitude, and behavior. • Boys are given more freedom
outdoors.
CANALIZATION
Canalization is gender GIRLS
socialization through interaction with • Household Chores
toys, colors, and objects. The choice of • Mother takes her daughter in cooking
toys is gendered and often predicts and other house chores even shopping
• Girls are expected to help their mother.
people’s lives and can reinforce gender
2. TEACHERS/SCHOOL stereotypes
Teachers play a vital role in shaping
children’s understanding about gender PRINT MEDIA
relations, roles, class, history, etc. • The print media plays a
● Teachers and school significant role in gender socialization.
administrators model gender roles and Most magazines concentrate on finance,
sometimes demonstrate gender business, sports, technology, hobbies,
stereotypes by treating their male and and sex, women’s as well as man
female students in different ways. magazines.
• Media portray images of women
CLASSROOMS which are often negative.
Most of the primary schools in the
Philippines separate boys and girls ADVERTISEMENT
when it comes to seating arrangements. • Women are almost exclusively
present in ads promoting cooking,
TEXTBOOKS cleaning, or childcare-related products.
There are still remaining teaching • Men are strongly affected by the
materials that are sexist and gender media representations of the ideal body
insensitive. shape and the definition of masculinity.

3. PEERS FILMS
Peer interactions also contribute to • Boys are often active and
gender socialization. Children tend to heroes of adventure
play with same-gender peers. Through • Girls are often shown to be less
these interactions, they learn what their active and need boys to help them/save
peers expect of them as boys or girls. them.
• Women tend to have less
FRIENDS/GROUPS significant roles and are often portrayed
• Those who do not fit into their gender as wives or mothers.
role may get called names and bullied.
• This is more true for boys than girls. 5. CHURCH/RELIGION
• Girls are allowed to be ‘tomboys’ but Church/Religion is also a powerful social
boys who are feminine face scorn. institution that shape gender identity in
society. There are sacred spaces where
4. MEDIA only men are allowed to enter and not
Media including movies, Tv, and books for women.
teaches children about what it means to
be a boy or girl. Media conveys 6. GENDER SOCIALIZATION
information about the roles of gender in THROUGHOUT LIFE
Gender socialization is a lifelong race. Racial profiling is a form of
process. The beliefs about gender that stereotyping that has particular
we acquire in childhood can affect us implications for racialized persons.
throughout our lives. The impact of this
socialization can be big (shaping what 2. GENDER PROFILING
we believe we are capable of MEN
accomplishing and thus potentially • Men are strong and do all the work
determining our life's course), small • Men are the “Backbone”
(influencing the color we choose for our • Guys are messy and unclean
bedroom walls), or somewhere in the • Men who spend too much time on the
middle. computer or read are geeks.

WHAT ARE STEREOTYPES? WOMEN


• Women aren’t smart as man
Gender Stereotypes • Women can’t do as good of a job as a
Generalizations about the roles man
believed as exclusive to each gender. • Girls are not good at sports
These are generally neither positive nor
negative; they are simply inaccurate 3. CULTURES
generalizations of the male and female Stereotypes also exist about cultures
attributes. and countries as a whole.
● All Arabs and Muslims are terrorists.
Gender Stereotypes ● All people who live in the city are more
Gender Stereotyping is basically liberated.
putting down someone because of their ● Italian or French people are the best
“sex” or not believing they are able to do lovers
something because they are either male ● All informal settlers are poor.
or female. ● All Americans are generally
considered to be friendly, generous, and
COMMON STEREOTYPES tolerant, but also arrogant, impatient,
- RACIAL PROFILING and domineering.
- GENDER PROFILING
- CULTURES 4. GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS
- GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS A different type of Stereotype also
- SEXUAL STEREOTYPES involves grouping of individuals like
Skaters, dancers, Gangsters, and the
likes. Most of this stereotyping is taking
1. RACIAL PROFILING place in schools.
One of the more common stereotype
examples are stereotypes surrounding
Goths wear black clothes, black IDENTIFIED GENDER INEQUALITY
makeup, are depressed and hated by ● LACK OF MOBILITY
society. ● FREEDOM OF MARRIAGE
Punks wear spikes, chains, are a ● DISCRIMINATORY DIVORCE
menace to society and are always RIGHTS
getting in trouble. ● CITIZENSHIP
All politicians are philanders and think ● CUSTODY RIGHTS
only of personal gain and benefit. ● VIOLENCE
Girls are only concerned about physical ● PROFESSIONAL OBSTACLES
appearance. ● RESTRICTED LAND OWNERSHIP
All librarians are women who are old, ● ACCESS TO EDUCATION
wear glasses, tie high bun, and have a
perpetual frown on their face.
All teenagers are rebels.
All children don’t enjoy healthy food.
Only Anorexic women can become
models. The elderly have health issues
and behave like children.

5. SEXUAL STEREOTYPES
Sexual Stereotypes, suggest that any
feminine man is gay and any masculine
woman is a lesbian.

IMPLICATIONS OF STEREOTYPE
● VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
● CULTURE GAPS

3. GENDER INEQUALITY
Gender Inequality
Acknowledges that men and
women are not equal and that gender
affects an individual’s lived experience.
The disparities between women and
men in a society in terms of their access
and opportunities in the social,
economic, and political spheres and
their share in decision-making power at
all social levels.

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