MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

REAL ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT: 2

POINT SET TOPOLOGY

IIT-JAM 2021
1. Which of the following subsets of ℝ has a non empty interior?

(a)The set of all irrational numbers in ℝ.

(b)The set {a ∈ ℝ ∶ sin(a) = 1}.

(c)The set {b ∈ ℝ ∶ x 2 + bx + 1 = 0 has distinct roots}.

(d)The set of all rational numbers in ℝ.

2. Which of the following subsets of ℝ is(are) connected?

(a)The set {x ∈ ℝ ∶ x is irrational}.

(b)The set {x ∈ ℝ ∶ x 3 − 1 ≥ 0}.

(c)The set {x ∈ ℝ ∶ x 3 + x + 1 ≥ 0}.

(d)The set {x ∈ ℝ ∶ x 3 − 2x + 1 ≥ 0}.

3. Consider the four functions from ℝ to ℝ:

f1 (x) = x 4 + 3x 3 + 7x + 1, f2 (x) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 4x, f3 (x) = tan−1 (x) and

x if x ∉ ℤ
f4 (x) = { .
0 if x ∈ ℤ
Which of the following subsets of ℝ are open?

(a)The range of f1 .

(b)The range of f2 .

(c)The range of f3 .

(d)The range of f4 .
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IIT-JAM 2019

n √2
4. Let S be the set of all limit points of the set { + ∶ n ∈ ℕ}.
√2 n

Let ℚ+ be the set of all positive rational numbers. Then

(a) ℚ+ ⊆ S. (b) S ⊆ ℚ+ .

(c) S ∩ (ℝ\ℚ+ ) ≠ ∅. (d) S ∩ ℚ+ ≠ ∅.

x
5. The set { ∶ −1 < x < 1} as a subset of ℝ, is
1+x
(a)Connected and compact. (b)Connected but not compact.

(c)Not connected but compact. (d)Neither connected nor compact.

1 1
6. The set { + ∶ m, n ∈ ℕ} ∪ {0}, as a subset of ℝ, is
m n
(a)Compact and open. (b)Compact but not open.

(c)Not compact but open. (d)Neither compact nor open.

7. Consider the intervals S = (0,2] and T = [1, 3). Let S° and T° be the sets

of interior points of S and T, respectively. Then the set of interior

points of S\T is equal to

(a) S\T°. (b) S\T. (c) S°\T°. (d) S°\T.

8. The greatest lower bound of the set

(round off to 2 decimal places) is ______________

MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

IIT-JAM 2018

9. Let P and Q be two non empty disjoint subsets of ℝ. Which of the following is(are) FALSE?
(a) If P and Q are compact, then P ∪ Q is also compact.
(b) If P and Q are not conncected, then P ∪ Q is also not connected.
(c) If P ∪ Q and P are closes, then Q is closed.
(d) If P ∪ Q and P are open, then Q is open.

10. Which of the following subsets of ℝ is(are) connected?

(a ) {x ∈ ℝ | x 2 + x > 4}. (b) {x ∈ ℝ | x 2 + x < 4}.
(c) {x ∈ ℝ | |x| < |x − 4|}. (d) {x ∈ ℝ | |x| > |x − 4|}.

11. Let S be a subset of ℝ such that 2018 is an inerior point of S. Which of the following
is(are) TRUE?
(a) S contains an interval.
(b) There is a sequence in S which does not converge to 2018.
(c) There is an element y ∈ S, y ≠ 2018 such that y is also an interior point of S.
(d) There is a point z ∈ S, such that |z − 2018| = 0.002018.

IIT-JAM 2017

12. Let S be the set of all rational numbers in (0,1). Then which of the following statements

is⁄are TRUE?

(a) S is a closed subset of ℝ.

(b) S is not a closed subset of ℝ.

(c) S is an open subset of ℝ

(d) Every x ∈ (0,1)\S is a limit point of S.

13. Let S be an infinite subset of ℝ such that s\{a} is compact for some a ∈ S.
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Then which of the following is TRUE?

(a) S is connected set.

(b) S contains no limit points.

(c) S is a union of open interval.

(d) Every sequence in S has a subsequence converging to an element in S.

IIT-JAM 2016

14. Let S be a closed subset of ℝ, T a compact subset of ℝ such that S ∩ T ≠ ∅.

Then S ∩ T is

(a) Closed but not compact.

(b) Not closed.

(c) Compact.

(d) Neither closed nor compact.

15. Let S ⊂ ℝ and ∂S denote the set of points x ∈ ℝ such that every neighbourhood

of x contains some points of S as well as some points of complement of S. Further,

let S̅ denote the closure of S. Then which one of the following is FALSE?

(a) ∂ℚ = ℝ.

(b) ∂(ℝ\T) = ∂T, T ⊂ ℝ.

(c) ∂(T ∪ V) = ∂T ∪ ∂V; T, V ⊂ ℝ, T ∩ V ≠ ∅.

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅, T ⊂ ℝ.
̅ ∩ (ℝ\T)
(d) ∂T = T

16. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE?

(a) There exists a connected set in ℝ which is not compact.

(b) Arbitrary union of closed intervals in ℝ need not be compact.

MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

(c) Arbitrary union of closed intervals in ℝ is always closed.

(d) Every bounded infinite subset V of ℝ has a limit point in V itself.

17. Let S
1 1
={ + | n, m ∈ ℕ} . Then which of the following statement(s) is(are) TRUE?
3n 7m
(a) S is closed.

(b) S is not open.

(c) S is connected.

(d) 0 is a limit point of S.

IIT-JAM 2015

18. Let A be a non empty subset of ℝ. Let I(A) denote the set of interior points of A.

Then , I(A) can be

(a)Empty.

(b)Singleton.

(c)A finite set containing more than one element.

(d)Countable but not finite.

19. Let S be a non empty subset of ℝ. If S is a finite union of disjoint bounded intervals,

then which one of the following is true ?

(a)If S is not compact, then sup S ∉ S and inf S ∉ S.

(b)Even, if sup S ∉ S and inf S ∉ S , S need not be compact.

(c)If sup S ∉ S and inf S ∉ S , then S is compact.

(d)Even, if S is compct, it is not necessary that sup S ∉ S and inf S ∉ S.

MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

∞
1 1
20. Let S = ⋂ ([0, ] ⋃ [ , 1]) . Which one of the following statements is false?
2n + 1 2n
n=1

(a)There exists sequences {an } and {bn } in [0,1], such that S = [0 ,1] \ ⋂(an , bn ).
n=1

(b)[0 ,1]\S is an open set.

(c) If A is an infinite subset of S, then A has a limit point.

(d)There exist an infinite subset of S having no limit points.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(c) (b,c) (b,c,d) (b) (b) (b) (b) e (b,c) (b,c,d)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(a,b,c) (b,d) (d) (c) (c) (a,b) (d) (a) (b) (d)

21. Let G and H be non empty subset of ℝ, where G is connected and G ∪ H is not

connected. Which one of the following statements is true for all such G and H?

(a)If G ∩ H = ∅, then H is connected.

(b)If G ∩ H = ∅, then H is not connected.

(c)If G ∩ H ≠ ∅, then H is connected.

(d)If G ∩ H ≠ ∅, then H is not connected.

IIT-JAM 2014
2
22. The set of all limit points of the set { : x ∈ (−1,1)} in R, is
x+1

(a)[1, ∞).

(b)(1, ∞).

(c)[−1, 1].

(d)[−1, ∞).
MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

x2
23. The set { : x ∈ R} , is
1 + x2

(a)Connected but not compact in R.

(b)Compact but not connected in R.

(c)Compact and connected in R.

(d)Neither compact nor connected in R.

24. If K is a non empty closed subset of ℝ, then show that the set

{x + y: x ∈ K, y ∈ [1,2]} is closed in R.

CSIR NET 16 SEPT 2022

25. Let X be a connected metric space with at least two points. Which of the following is

necessarily true?

(a) X has finitely many points. (b) X has countably many points but is not finite

(c) X has uncountably many points (d) No such X exists

26. What is the largest positive real number δ such that whenever |x − y| < δ,

we have |cos x − cos y| < √2?

3 π
(a) √2 (b) (c ) ( d) 2
2 2

CSIR NET FEB 2022

27. Let (X, d)be a metric space and let f: X → X be a function such that

d(f(x), f(y)) ≤ d(x, y) for every x, y ∈ X.

Which of the folowing statements is necessarily true?

(a)f is continuous.
MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

(b)f is injective.

(c)f is surjective.

(d)f is injective if and only if f is surjective.

CSIR NET NOVEMBER 2020

28. Let n be a positive integer and F be a non empty proper subset of {1,2, … , n}.

Define 〈x, y〉F = ∑k∈F xk yk , x = (x1 , … , xn ), y = (y1 , … , yn ) ∈ ℝn .

Let T = {x ∈ ℝn ∶ 〈x, x〉F = 0}. Which of the following statements are true?

(a)infx∈T 〈x + y, x + y〉F = 〈y, y〉F .

(b)supx∈T 〈x + y, x + y〉F = 〈y, y〉F .

(c)infx∈T 〈x + y, x + y〉F < 〈y, y〉F .

(d)supx∈T 〈x + y, x + y〉F > 〈y, y〉F .

29. Let p: ℝ2 → ℝ be defined by

|x| if x ≠ 0
p(x, y) = { .
|y| if x = 0

Which of the following statements are true?

(a)p(x, y) = 0 if and only if x = y = 0.

(b)p(x, y) ≥ 0 for all x, y.

(c)p(αx, αy) = |α|p(x, y)for all α ∈ ℝ and for all x, y.

(d)p(x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 ) ≤ p(x1 , y1 ) + p(x2 , y2 ) for all (x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 ).

30. Consider the subset of ℝ2 defined as follows:

A = {(x, y) ∈ ℝ × ℝ ∶ (x − 1)(y − 3)(y + 4) = 0}

Which of the following statements are true?

(a)A is connected.
MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

(b)A is compact.

(c)A is closed.

(d)A is dense.

CSIR NET 27 DECEMBER 2019

31. Let x > 100 be a given real number, which ois not an integer. Let S be the set
a1 a2 an
of all rational number r ≤ x of th form r = [x] + + +⋯+
10 102 10n

for some n ≥ 1, where a1 , … , an are integers such that 0 ≤ ai ≤ 9 and [x] denotes the

largest integer ≤ x. Then which one of the following is true?

(a)S is infinite and supremum of S is x.

(b)S is infinite and supremum of S is an integer.

(c)S is finite and the supremum of S is x.

(d)S is finite and supremum of S is an integer.

CSIR NET 15 DECEMBER 2019

32. Let ≤ be the usual order on the field ℝ of real numbers. Defined an order ≼ on ℝ2 by

(a, b) ≼ (c, d) if (a < c), or (a = c and b ≤ d). Consider the subset

1 1
E = {( , 1 − ) ∈ ℝ2 , n ∈ ℕ} . with respect to ≼
n n

Which of the following statements is true?

(a) inf(E) = (0,1) and sup(E) = (1,0).

(b) inf(E) does not exist but sup(E) = (1,0).

(c) inf(E) = (0,1) but sup(E) does not exist.

(d)Both inf(E) and sup(E) do not exist.

33. Let X ⊂ ℝ be an infinite countable bounded subset of ℝ.

MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

Which of the following statements is true?

(a) X cannot be compact.

(b)X contains an interior point.
(c) X may be closed.
(d) Closure of X is countable.

34. Which of the following statements are true?

(a)There exists three mutually disjoint subsets of ℝ, each of which is countable

and dense in ℝ.

(b)For each n ∈ ℕ, there exist n mutually subsets of ℝ, each of which is countable

and dense in ℝ.

(c) There exists countably infinite number of mutually disjoint subsets of ℝ, each of
which is countable and dense in ℝ.

(d) There exists uncountable number of mutually disjoint subsets of

ℝ, each of which is countable and dense in ℝ.

CSIR NET JUNE 2019

35. Which of the following open covers of the open interval (0, 1) admit a finite subcover?
1 1 1
(a) {(0, − ) ∪ ( , 1) ∶ n ∈ ℕ}.
2 n+1 n
1 1
(b) {( , 1 − ) ∶ n ∈ ℕ}.
n n+1
nπ nπ
(c) {(sin2 ( ) , cos 2 ( )) : n ∈ ℕ}.
100 100
1 1
(d) {( e−n , 1 − ) ∶ n ∈ ℕ}.
2 (n + 1)2

CSIR NET DECEMBER 2018

36. Let X be a topological space and U be a proper dense open subset of X. Pick the correct
MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

statement from the following:

(a) If X is connected then U is connected.

(b) If X is compact then U is compact.

(c) If X\U is compact then X is compact

(d) If X is compact, then X\U is compact.

CSIR NET JUNE 2018

37. Consider the space S = {(α, β) | α, β ∈ ℚ} ⊂ ℝ2 , where ℚ is the set of rational

numbers. Then

(a) S is connected in ℝ2 .

(b)S c is connected in ℝ2 .

(c) S is closed in ℝ2 .

(d)S c is closed in ℝ2 .

1 2
38. Let A = {t sin ; t ∈ (0, )} . Which of the following is(are) true?
t π
2 1
(a) sup A < + ; ∀ n ≥ 1.
π nπ
2 1
(b) inf A > − − ; ∀ n ≥ 1.
3π nπ
(c) sup A = 1.

(d) inf A = −1.

CSIR NET DECEMBER 2017

39. Let S = {x ∈ [−1, 4] ∶ sin x > 0}. Which of the following is true?

(a) inf S < 0. (b) sup S does not exist.

π
(c) sup S = π. (d) inf S = .
2
MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

40. Let ℝ denote the set of real numbers, and ℚ the set of rational numbers. For 0 ≤ ϵ
1
≤ , let Aϵ be the opne interval (0, 1 − ϵ). Which of the following are true?
2
1
(a) sup0<ϵ<1 sup(Aϵ ) < 1. (b) 0 < ϵ1 < ϵ2 < ⇒ inf(Aϵ1 ) < inf(Aϵ2 ).
2 2
1
(c)0 < ϵ1 < ϵ2 < ⇒ sup(Aϵ1 ) > sup(Aϵ2 . (d) sup(Aϵ ∩ ℚ)
2
= sup(Aϵ ∩ (ℝ\ℚ)).

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
(d) (a) (a) (c) (c) (a) (a,b) (a,b,c) (a,c)
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(a) (b) (c) (a,b,c,d) (a,c) (d) (b) (a) (c) (c,d)

1
41. Find all limit points of the set E = {n + ; n, m ∈ ℕ}.
2m

42. If E is a subset of ℝ that does not contain any of its limit points, then prove that E is a

contable set.

43. Let A be a non empty bounded subset of ℝ. Show that {x ∈ ℝ ∶ x ≥ α, ∀ α

∈ A} is a closed subset of ℝ.

x
44. If Y = { , x ∈ ℝ} , then the set of all limit points of Y is
1 + |x|

(a)(−1, 1).

(b)(−1, 1].

(c)[0, 1].

(d)[−1, 1].

45. Let S = {x ∈ ℝ ∶ x 6 − x 5 ≤ 100} and T = {x 2 − 2x ∶ x ∈ (0, ∞)}. The set S ∩ T is

MATHEMATICAL PATHSHALA

(a)Closed and bounded in ℝ. (b)Closed but not bounded in ℝ.

(c)Bounded but not closed in ℝ. (d)Neither closed nor bounded in ℝ.

n 1
46. Consider the subsets of ℝ, E = { ∶ n ∈ ℕ} , F = { ∶ 0 ≤ x < 1}
n+1 1−x
(a)Both E and F are closed. (b)E is closed and F is not closed.

(c)E is not closed and F is closed. (d)Neither E nor F is closed.

1
47. The set U = {x ∈ ℝ ∶ sin x = } is
2
(a)Open. (b)Closed.

(c)Both open and closed. (d)Neihter open nor closed.

48. The set of all boundary point of ℚ in ℝ is

(a) ℝ. (b) ℝ\ℚ. (c) ℚ. (d) ∅.

49. Let S be an infinite subset of ℝ such that S ∩ ℚ = ∅. Which of the following is true?

(a) S must have a limit point which belongs to ℚ.

(b) S must have a limit point which belongs to ℝ\ℚ.

(c) S cannot be closed in ℝ.

(d) ℝ\S must have a limit point which belongs to S.

1 1 3 1 5 7 1 3 5 7 9
50. The set of all limit points of the sequence 1, , , , , , , , , , , , ⋯ is
2 4 4 8 8 8 16 16 16 16 16
(a)[0, 1].

(b)(0, 1].

(c) ℚ ∩ [0, 1].

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m
(d) The set of all rational numbers in [0, 1] of the form , m, n ∈ ℤ.
2n

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
(d) (a) (c) (b) (a) (d) (a)