Examples On Cycle Time

EXAMPLES ON CYCLE TIME
By:-Sisay Alemu
NOV 21,2017
Example-1
Calculate and compare the cycle time of
CAT 769D24R,771D and 773D off highway
caterpillar dump truck based on the profile
of panel given.(Note that the road surface
characterized by slight penetration)
Road Profile
Speed and Duration of travel for
loaded truck (haulage)
Speed and Duration of travel for
empty truck (return)
Fixed Time
Cycle Time
Exercise
Do the same for the
following Models (CAT
773D21R,775D,776D,
784B,789B and 793C)
Example:2
Determine the maximum

speed of a loaded Hitachi
EH750-3 and EH1100-5 dump
truck vehicle traveling up a
slope of 5% compacted earth
road under partially deflated
tires.
Solution
Total Resistance = GR+RR
= 5% + 21/10% = 7.1%
Condition: Fully loaded=GMW
Hitachi EH750-3
Vmax=28.5Km/hr
EH1100-5
22.5km/hr
Example 3
#Determine the production performance of
a 25ton/18cy rear dump trucks with low
pressure tires used to haul a rock/dirt
mixture weighing 2600lb/cy. The wheel
loader being used has a 4.25cy bucket. The
haul and Return over poorly maintained
earth 3miles.It is down hill grade of 1.25%
going to the dump area. Net truck weight is
36,860lb.Working hour Efficiency is
55minutes.
Data and Formula
Haul time(Min)=Haul Distance (ft)
88fpm/mph*Haul
speed (mph)
Given
Dump Truck
 -Capacity-18cy (Volumetric)
-25ton (Gravimetric)
 Net truck weight-36,860lb
 Haul distance-3miles
 Slope=-1.25%
 Efficiency(n)=55min
Loader
Type wheel loader
Q=4.25CY
Solution
Step-1 Bucket loads
 No of bucket loads to fill the truck
 Truck capacity=18cy
 Fill factor (dirt/gravel mixture)
100-120% use Average 110%
 Loader bucket
capacity=4.25cy*1.1=4.675cy
 Bucket Loads=Truck Capacity/Loader
Bucket capacity
 =18cy/4.675cy=3.85
 Bucket loads must be an integer number.
 LI=For 3 bucket loads
 Truck Volume=3*4.675=14.025
 HI=For 4 bucket loads
 Truck Volume=4*4.675=18.7cy
The excess 0.7cy spills off.
 Check load wt against gravimetric
capacity(25ton)
 dirt/gravel mixture unit weight =2600lb/cy
 LI=14.025*2600lb/cy=36465lb/2000lb/ton=18.
239ton
 18.24ton<25ton………..ok!
 HI=18*2600lb/cy=46800lb/2000lb/ton=23.4ton
 23.4ton<25ton………..ok!
Step-2 Load Time
30Load time = Number of bucket loads x
Bucket cycle time
Use Average bucket cycle time =31.5sec
=0.54min
LI;3buckets load=3*0.524min=1.58min
HI;4buckets load=4*0.524min=2.1min
Step-3HaulTime
 Haul time (min)=(3miles*5280ft/mile)/
(88ft/min*haul speed)
 Rolling Resistance
For Poorly maintained haul roads resistance
75-100lb/ton, use 85lb/ton
Or =(85lb/ton)/(2000lb/ton)=4.25%
 Grading Resistance—1.25%
 Total Resistance=Rolling + Grading=4.25-
1.25=3% or 60lb/ton
 Net Truck wt=36860lb or 18.43 ton
 Gross Wt
 LI=3 bucket loads 18.24tons
18.24+18.43=36.67tons
 HI=4 bucket loads 23.4 tons
18.43+23.4=41.83tons
 Rim pull=Gross Wt*Total Resistance
 LI=3 bucket loads 36.67tons
36.67tons*60lb/ton=2200lb
 HI=4 bucket loads 41.83
41.83tons*60lb/ton=2510lb
Haul Speed (From Graph)
 LI=3.5 mph, time 5.143min
 HI=22 mph, time 8.183min
Step 4-Return Time
 Rolling Resistance =4.25%
 Grading Resistance=1.25%
 Total Resistance=5.5% or 110lb/ton
 Rim pull=18.43*110=2030lb
 Return Speed (From Graph)=35mph
 Return Time=5.143min
Step-4 Dump Time
 Rear Dump Truck=use 2minutes
Step-6 Truck cycle time
 Truck time = Load Time + Haul Time + Dump
Time + Return Time
3 4 BUCKET
BUCKETS LOADS
LOADS
Load time 1.580 2.1
Haul time 5.143 8.183
Dump time 2 2
Return 5.143 5.143
Step-7Number of Trucks Required
No of trucks=Truck cycle time/loader cycle time
LI: 3 Buckets=13.866/1.58=8.78………..9 trucks
HI:4 Buckets loads=17.426/2.1=8.3…..9trucks
Step-8 Production
Eff (n)=55min/hr
Production=Truck load *no of truck* n/Cycle
time
LI:3 bucket loads,8 Trucks
P=14.03*8*0.916/13.866min=445cy/hr
Truck controls production
1 extra truck in this case loader controls
production
P=14.03*0.916/1.58=488.21cy/hr
HI:4 bucket loads,8 Trucks
P=18*8*0.916/17.426in=454cy/hr
Truck controls production
1 extra truck in this case loader controls
production
P=18*0.916/2.1=471.429cy/hr
STEP 9-Summary
No of 3 4
Trucks Buckets Buckets
8 445.045 454.493
9 488.212 471.439
10 488.212 471.429
Conclusion
It is better to load the
truck wt (3 buckets)
and use 9 trucks for
optimum production.
Crushing Processes: Example
 After scrapping the soft soil overburden, a
quarry crew found a hard basaltic rock at a cliff
side of 6m height. If the crew decides to use a
rectangular patter in blasting, design the blast
system they need to produce 1800m3 of
fragmented rock (Swell = 0.5). Use ANFO (Ge
=0.8) for blasting.
 Soln:
Diameter of blast hole
 D<L/60 = 6/60 =100mm (should be less but take it as it is
for now)
Burden distance (B)
 B = (2Ge/Gr)+1.5)D
 B= (2*0.8/2.7+1.5)100/25.4=8.24ft= 2.51m
 Use Kd=1, K5 =1, Bcor = 2.51m
Sub drilling depth
 0.35*B = 0.88
Borehole depth
 Bench +Sub drilling 6.88m
 Soln:
Stemming depth
 0.7*B = 1.76m
Borehole spacing
 Stiffness ration (SR) = L/B = 6/2.51=2.39, not a good ratio.
 Use SR = 3, B =2m
o Depth = 6.7m
o Stemming = 1.4m
 Spacing for delayed detonation = 2.5m
 Soln:
Profile of blast
 Take a three raw blast parallel to strike
 Bank volume of rock = Loose volume/(1+swell) =1200
 Width= 2+2*2.5 = 7
 Length = 1200/6/7= 14.29m
 7 raw across strike
ANFO needed
 No of blast holes = 21
 Blast hole depth filled with ANFO = Hole depth-
Stemming = 5.3m
 Diameter = 0.1m
 Volume = 0.87m3
Exercises on Construction
Equipment Costs
#1. Assume an equipment rental company has purchased a
new construction equipment /loader with a duty free price
of price of 5,852,736.15 birr If the estimated economic life
is 10years and annual utilization is 1500 hours.
a. Calculate ownership portion of equipment cost if the tire
cost of individual tire is 22,150birr.
b. Determine the rental rate of equipment by considering
504.76 birr operating cost (Including cost of operator)

You can assume 10 % overhead cost and 15% profit
Solution
Given
Initial cost=5,852,736.15birr
Useful life=10 years
Annual utilization hour=1500hr
Individual tire cost-22,150birr
Operating cost-504.76 birr per hour
Overhead cost-10%
Profit-15 %
Basic Theory
Equipment costs
 Ownership and equipment incurs including
1. Ownership cost
2. Operating cost
3. Overhead cost
4. Profits
 OC=DC+IC
 DC
 Using stright line method
 (1) D=IC-SV-TC
N
 (2) Investment cost
Interest cost/hr=IC((1+r)n-1))
economic life (hrs)

 (3) Insurance cost, tax cost & storage (5% AAV)
AAV=IC(1+n)+SV (n-1 )
2n
 OC=1+2+3
Solution
Step-1-Determine Owning cost
DC=5,852,736.15-0.1*5,852,736.15-
4*22,150/10Years
=517,826.254 birr/yr
=345.26 br/hr
Interest Cost=5,852,736.15*((1+0.1)10-
1))/10*1500
IC=621.85 Br/hr
Insurance Tax and Storage cost
AAV=IC(1+n)+SV(n-1)/2n
=5,852,736.15(1+10)+585273.615(10-1)/2*10
=2321.58 br/hr
Take 5% AAV
=2321.58br/hr*0.05
=116br/hr
Total Owning Cost =1083.11br/hr
Step-2-Operating Cost
=504.76 br /hr
Step-3 Over head Cost
10% of Owning and Operating cost
= 0.1(504.76+1083.11)
=158.78 br/hr
Step-4 Profit
15% of Owning and Operating cost
= 0.15(504.76+1083.11)
= 238.18br/hr
Total Rental Rate= 238.18br/hr+ 158.78 br/hr+
504.76 br /hr+ 1083.11br/hr
=1984.83br/hr
#2.Contracor A’s rental price of Hitachi EH600
dump truck is 120 Birr/hr without incorporate
fuel and servicing cost ,is the rate reasonable
(on the contractor) for the following conditions?
 Time of purchase 1year before renting
 Economic life 5years
 Interest on capital employed 8%
 Cost of set of tires=70,000
 Cost of Insurance and Tax =3% of Average
Annual Value (AAV)
 Overhead cost=15% of owning and operating
cost
 Profit=10% owning and operating cost and
overhead cost
 Inflation and currency devaluation14%
 Use sum of years Digits method to calculate
depreciation
 Cost of purchase=Birr 850,000
 Value after 5 years 70,000
 Repair cost=80% of depreciation cost
 Tire service time-1500hrs
 Step-1-Determine Owning cost
a. Depreciation cost
Using sum of years Digits method for the second
year
D=5-1/1+2….5(850000-70000-70000)
D=189333br/yr
D=126.22br/hr
b. Interest Cost=850000*((1+0.08) 5-1))/5*1500
=53.19br/hr
Correct with Inflation rate=53.19br/hr*1.14
=60.64br/hr
Cost of Insurance and Tax
AAV= 850,000(1+5)+70000(5-1)/2*5
=538000Br/yr
=3586.74br/hr
Cost of Insurance and Tax=3%* 3586.7Br/hr
=107.6br/hr
Total owning cost=
107.6br/hr+60.64br/hr+126.22br/hr
=294.46br/hr
Step-2-Determine Operating and Maintenance
Cost
Cost of Repair cost=80% of depreciation cost
=0.8*126.22br/hr
=100.98br/hr
Tire Cost=1.15*(70,000/1500)
=53.66br/hr
Total for operating and maintenance cost=
53.66br/hr+ 100.98br/hr
=154.64br/hr
Step-3 Overhead cost 15 % of owning and
operating cost
=0.15(154.64br/hr+294.46br/hr)
=67.36br/hr
Step-4 Profit 10% of owning , operating and
overhead cost
=0.1(154.64br/hr+294.46br/hr+ 67.36br/hr)
=54.64br/hr
Step-5 Rental cost
= 54.64br/hr+
67.36br/hr+154.64br/hr+294.46br/hr
=571.10br/hr
Not Resonable
THANK
YOU

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EXAMPLES ON CYCLE TIME

Determine the maximum

a. Calculate ownership portion of equipment cost if the tire

cost of individual tire is 22,150birr.

b. Determine the rental rate of equipment by considering

504.76 birr operating cost (Including cost of operator)

Useful life=10 years

Annual utilization hour=1500hr

Individual tire cost-22,150birr

Operating cost-504.76 birr per hour

 Using stright line method

economic life (hrs)

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