Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    How To Write A Summary

    Uploaded by

    Ngọc Hiền
    In the paper "Global Implications of Patent Law Variation" by Koji Suzuki (1991), the author discusses how differences in patent laws around the world can cause problems. While most countries follow a "first-to-file" principle where the first applicant receives the patent, the U.S. uses a "first-to-invent" system. This means that ownership can vary by country. Multiple owners can impede use of inventions and increase costs. It also creates international tensions, as other nations see the U.S. approach as violating international agreements. The World Intellectual Property Organization is lobbying the U.S. to harmonize its patent principles with global standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    How To Write A Summary

    Uploaded by

    Ngọc Hiền
    12 views2 pages
    In the paper "Global Implications of Patent Law Variation" by Koji Suzuki (1991), the author discusses how differences in patent laws around the world can cause problems. While most countries follow a "first-to-file" principle where the first applicant receives the patent, the U.S. uses a "first-to-invent" system. This means that ownership can vary by country. Multiple owners can impede use of inventions and increase costs. It also creates international tensions, as other nations see the U.S. approach as violating international agreements. The World Intellectual Property Organization is lobbying the U.S. to harmonize its patent principles with global standards.

    Original Description:

    summary hsg tieng anh

    Original Title

    How-to-write-a-summary

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    In the paper "Global Implications of Patent Law Variation" by Koji Suzuki (1991), the author discusses how differences in patent laws around the world can cause problems. While most countries follow a "first-to-file" principle where the first applicant receives the patent, the U.S. uses a "first-to-invent" system. This means that ownership can vary by country. Multiple owners can impede use of inventions and increase costs. It also creates international tensions, as other nations see the U.S. approach as violating international agreements. The World Intellectual Property Organization is lobbying the U.S. to harmonize its patent principles with global standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views2 pages

    How To Write A Summary

    Uploaded by

    Ngọc Hiền
    In the paper "Global Implications of Patent Law Variation" by Koji Suzuki (1991), the author discusses how differences in patent laws around the world can cause problems. While most countries follow a "first-to-file" principle where the first applicant receives the patent, the U.S. uses a "first-to-invent" system. This means that ownership can vary by country. Multiple owners can impede use of inventions and increase costs. It also creates international tensions, as other nations see the U.S. approach as violating international agreements. The World Intellectual Property Organization is lobbying the U.S. to harmonize its patent principles with global standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    How to Write a Summary

    Answer two questions: 1/ What was the original reading about?


    2/ What did the author want to communicate?

    How to produce a summary:


    1. Read the text to be summarized and be sure you understand it.
    2. Note the major points. Focus on headings and subheadings.
    3. Write a first draft of the summary without looking at the original reading.
    4. Double check and proofread.

    The features of a summary:


    1. Thesis statement. Start your summary with a clear identification of the type of work, title,
    author, and main point in the present tense.
    Example: In the featured article "Five Kinds of Learning," the author, Holland Oates, justifies his
    opinion on the hot topic of learning styles - and adds a few himself.
    The article/extract claims/suggests/…
    2. Make sure you have covered the central and main points with possibly relevant details.
    3. Always use paraphrase when writing a summary. Use your own wording.
    4. Never put any of your own ideas, opinions, or interpretations into the summary. This means you
    have to be very careful of your word choice.
    5. Be concise. Remember word limit.
    Read the following extract and summarize it. Your summary should be about 100 words long.
    Global Implications of Patent Law Variation (Koji Suzuki, 1991)
    A patent is an exclusive right to use an invention for a certain period of time, which is given to an
    inventor as compensation for disclosure of an invention. Although it would be beneficial for the world
    economy to have uniform patent laws, each country has its own laws designed to protect domestic
    inventions and safeguard technology. Despite widespread variation, patent laws generally fall under
    one of two principles: the first-to-file and first-to-invent. The first-to-file principle awards a patent to
    the person or institution that applies for a patent first, while the first-to-invent principle grants the
    patent to the person or institution that was first to invent – and can prove it. Most countries have
    adopted the first-to-file system. However, the United States maintains a first-to-invent system, despite
    obvious shortcomings. A result of countries employing different patent law principles is inconsistency
    of patent ownership.
    Patent ownership is not recognized globally. On the contrary, ownership may change depending on the
    country. It is not uncommon for an invention to have two patent owners – one in the United States and
    one in the rest of the world. This unclear ownership often has economic consequences. If a company is
    interested in using a patented invention, it may be unable to receive permission from both patent
    owners, which in turn may prevent manufacture of a particular product. Even if permission is received
    from both owners, pay royalties to both may be quite costly. In this case, if the invention is useful
    enough, a company may proceed and pass on the added cost to consumers.
    International economic tension has also been increasing as a result of differing policies. Many foreign
    individuals and companies believe that they are at a serious disadvantage in the United States with
    regard to patent ownership because of the logistical difficulties in establishing first-to-invent status.
    Further, failure of the United States to recognize patent ownership in other countries is in violation of
    the Paris Conventions on Industrial Properties, which requires all member nations to treat all patents
    equally. The conflict surrounding patents has prompted the World Intellectual Properties Organization
    (WIPO) to lobby for universality in patent laws. WIPO maintains that the first necessary step involves
    compelling the United States to reexamine its patent principle, taking into account the reality of a
    global economy. This push may indeed result in more global economic cooperation.

    Suggestion: Global Implications of Patent Law Variation (Koji Suzuki, 1991)


    In his paper “Global Implications of Patent Law Variation,” Koji Suzuki (1991) states
    that lack of consistency in the world’s patent laws is a serious problem. In most of the world,
    patent ownership is given to the inventor that is first to file for a patent. However, the United
    States maintains a first-to-invent policy. In view of this, patent ownership can change depending
    on the country. Multiple patent ownership can result in economic problems; however, most
    striking is the international tension it causes. The fact that the United States does not recognize
    patent ownership in other countries, in violation of the Paris Convention on Industrial Properties,
    has prompted the World Intellectual Properties Organization (WIPO) to push the United States to
    review its existing patent law principles.

    You might also like