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    MCHN

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    Aine Jermaine Gatchalian
    The document summarizes key aspects of male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology. It describes structures such as the testes, ovaries, uterus, and external genitalia. It outlines their functions in processes like sperm and egg production, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth. Reproductive health topics covered include menstruation, puberty, and surgical procedures like laparoscopy.

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    MCHN

    Uploaded by

    Aine Jermaine Gatchalian
    6 views6 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology. It describes structures such as the testes, ovaries, uterus, and external genitalia. It outlines their functions in processes like sperm and egg production, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth. Reproductive health topics covered include menstruation, puberty, and surgical procedures like laparoscopy.

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    The document summarizes key aspects of male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology. It describes structures such as the testes, ovaries, uterus, and external genitalia. It outlines their functions in processes like sperm and egg production, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth. Reproductive health topics covered include menstruation, puberty, and surgical procedures like laparoscopy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    6 views6 pages

    MCHN

    Uploaded by

    Aine Jermaine Gatchalian
    The document summarizes key aspects of male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology. It describes structures such as the testes, ovaries, uterus, and external genitalia. It outlines their functions in processes like sperm and egg production, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth. Reproductive health topics covered include menstruation, puberty, and surgical procedures like laparoscopy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Reproductive and Sexual Health Gynecomastia- an overdevelopment or

    enlargement of the breast tissue in men or


    Adrenache- ‘’ the awakening of the adrenal boys.
    gland. The adrenal gland is responsible for
    making hormones including androgens Laparoscopy- a type of surgical procedure
    that allows a surgeon to access the inside of
    Andrology- the specialty of medical the abdomen (tummy) and pelvis without
    science that deals with male reproductive having to make large incisions in the skin.
    functions under physiological and
    pathological conditions. Menarche- the onset of menstruation

    Anteflexion- a bending forward of an Oocyte- an immature egg (an immature


    organ, especially of the body of the uterus ovum)

    Anteversion- leaning forward


    Puberty - breast development in females
    Aspermia- complete lack of semen with (thelarche), pubic hair development
    ejaculation (pubarche), genital changes in males, voice
    changes, an increase in height, and the
    Bicornuate uterus- a uterine malformation onset of menstruation (menarche)
    that is produced due to impairment in the
    fusion of Mullerian ducts.
    Retroflexion
    Culdoscopy- an endoscopic examination
    through a puncture in the posterior vaginal
    fornix Retroversion

    Cystocele- when the wall between the


    bladder and the vagina weakens. Spermatic cord

    Rectocele- a type of prolapse where the


    supportive wall of tissue between a The male gametes are called
    woman’s rectum and vaginal wall weakens. spermatozoa
    The female gametes are called ova.
    Gonad- the testes in male and the ovaries
    in females. Andrology: study of the male
    reproductive system.
    Gynecology-the area of medicine that
    involves the treatment of women's diseases,
    especially those of the reproductive organs.
    ovaries in the female.
    They are about 4.5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide
    and 3 cm thick and are suspended in the
    scrotum by the spermatic cords.
    They are surrounded by three layers of
    tissue.

    An Uncircumcised and a circumcised Penis 1) Tunica vaginalis.


    2) Tunica albuginea.
    ❖ production, maturation and 3) Tunica vasculosa.
    storage of spermatozoa
    ❖ delivery of spermatozoa in semen
    into the female reproductive
    tract.

    Scrotum
    - is a pouch of pigmented skin, fibrous
    and connective tissue and smooth muscle.
    - It is divided into two compartments,
    each of which contains one testis, one
    epididymis and the testicular end of a
    spermatic cord.

    Structure
    •In each testis are 200–300 lobules, and
    within each lobule are 1–4 convoluted
    loops of germinal epithelial cells, called
    seminiferous tubules.
    • Between the tubules are groups of
    interstitial cells (of Leydig) that secrete
    the hormone testosterone after puberty.

    Functions
    • Spermatozoa (sperm) are produced in
    the seminiferous tubules of the testes

    Testes
    The testes are the male reproductive
    glands and are the equivalent of the
    Spermatic cords
    - The spermatic cords suspend the
    testes in the scrotum. Each cord
    contains a testicular artery,
    testicular veins, lymphatics
    Seminal vesicles
    - is a 5 cm long tube that joins with
    the different duct to form the
    common ejaculatory duct.
    Functions
    The seminal vesicles contract and expel Urethra
    their stored contents, seminal fluid, ● 19-20 cm long
    during ejaculation. Seminal fluid, which ● Prostatic urethra
    forms 60% of the volume of semen, ● Membranous urethra
    ● Penile urethra
    Ejaculatory ducts
    ● The ejaculatory ducts are two tubes ● Two sphincter.
    about 2 cm long, each formed by the
    union of the duct from a seminal
    vesicle and a deferent duct.
    ● They pass through the prostate gland
    and join the prostatic urethra,
    carrying seminal fluid and
    spermatozoa to the urethra
    Gynecology: study of the female
    reproductive system

    An anterior view of female


    reproductive organs showing the
    relationship of the fallopian tubes and
    body of the uterus.

    The functions of the female reproductive


    system
    ● formation of ova
    ● reception of spermatozoa
    ● provision of suitable environments
    for fertilisation and fetal
    development parturition (childbirth)
    ● lactation, the production of breast
    milk, which provides complete
    100 million spermatozoa per mL. nourishment for the baby in its early
    If not ejaculated, sperm gradually life.
    lose their fertility after several
    months and are reabsorbed by the
    epididymis.
    Anatomy and Physiology of the
    Reproductive System: The Female
    between the labia majora, containing
    External genitalia (vulva) numerous sebaceous and eccrine
    sweat glands.
    The external genitalia are known
    collectively as the vulva, and consist - or "lesser lips" are the thin hairless
    of the : ridges at the entrance of the vagina,
    which joins behind and in front.
    • labia majora and labia minora,
    - In front they split to enclose the
    • the clitoris, clitoris
    • the vaginal orifice,
    • the vestibule, Clitoris
    the hymen and the
    - The clitoris corresponds to the penis
    vestibular glands (Bartholin’s in the male and contains sensory
    glands) nerve endings and erectile tissue.
    - The clitoris is a small pea-shaped
    structure.
    - It plays an important part in sexual
    excitement in females.

    Vestibular glands
    - The vestibular glands (Bartholin’s
    glands) are situated one on each side
    near the vaginal opening. They are
    about the size of a small pea and
    their ducts open into the vestibule
    Labia majora immediately lateral to the attachment
    of the hymen.
    - These are the two large folds
    forming the boundary of the vulva.
    - They secrete mucus that keeps the
    vulva moist.
    - They are composed of skin, fibrous
    tissue and fat and contain large
    numbers of sebaceous and eccrine
    sweat glands.
    - Labia majora or "greater lips" are
    the part around the vagina containing
    two glands (Bartholin’s glands)
    which helps lubrication during
    intercourse.
    - At puberty, hair grows on the mons pubis
    and on the lateral surfaces of the labia
    majora.

    Labia minora
    - These are two smaller folds of skin
    labia minora to the anal canal.
    ● It consists of connective tissue,
    muscle and fat.
    ● It gives attachment to the muscles of
    the pelvic floor

    Blood supply to the uterus.

    Internal genitalia
    Blood supply, lymph drainage and nerve
    supply
    ● vagina
    Arterial supply ● uterus
    - This is by branches from the internal ● two uterine tubes
    pudendal arteries that branch from ● two ovaries
    the internal iliac arteries and by
    external pudendal arteries that
    branch from the femoral arteries.
    Venous drainage Vagina
    - This forms a large plexus which
    eventually drains into the internal
    iliac veins.

    Lymph drainage
    - This is through the superficial
    inguinal nodes. •
    Nerve supply
    - This is by branches from pudendal
    nerves.

    Perineum
    ● The perineum is a roughly triangular
    area extending from the base of the

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