UPSC AKHADA

RELEVANT. QUALITY. SIMPLIFIED.

MODERN HISTORY
TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY
1. Advent of Europeans
2. Battle of Plassey 1757
3. Third Battle of Panipat 1761
4. Battle of Buxar 1764
5. Permanent Settlement of Bengal - 1793
6.Revolt of 1857
7. Ilbert Bill (1884)
8. Formation of Indian National Congress (INC) 1885
9. Partition of Bengal & Swadeshi Movement (1905)
10. Foundation of Muslim League by Salimullah at Dhaka (1906).
11.Surat Split(1907)
12.Morley Minto reforms (1909)
13.Delhi Darbar, Delhi become Capital of India -1911.
14. World War I begins - 1914

Code: Revolt ke baad IIPM Se MoDern World aaya.

TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY
15. Home Rule movement (1915-16)
16. Lucknow Pact – Congress League Pact (1916)
17. Gandhian Era in India (1915- 1948) – Early Movements-CAKe – Champaran (1917),
Ahmedabad Mill Strike(Feb,1918), Kheda Satyagraha (Mar,1918)
18. Rowlatt Act 1919
19. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919)
Code: How Lucky Gandhi Roy Ji

20. Non Cooperation Movement (1920 -1922)

21. Simon Commission (1927)
22. Nehru Committee report (1928)
23. Resolution of Poorna Swaraj passed at Lahore session of Congress (1929)
Code : Non Cooperation SiNa khol ke karenge taaki Poorna Swaraj mile.
TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY
24. Dandi March & Civil Disobedience Movement (March, 1930)
25. First Round Table Conference (November, 1930)
26. Gandhi Irwin Pact/ Delhi Pact (March 5, 1931)
27. Second Round Table Conference (1931)
28. Communal Award / Mac Donald award (16 Aug 1932)
29. Poona Pact / Gandhi Ambedkar pact (24 Sept 1932)
30. Third Round Table Conference (17 to 24 Nov, 1932)
31. World War II begins (1 Sept 1939)
32. Congress Ministers Resign (22 Dec 1939)- Jinnah called upon Indian Muslims to celebrate
it as the day of deliverance.
33. Pakistan Resolution/ Lahore Session of Muslim league (24 March 1940) – Passed
Pakistan/Lahore Resolution & rejected Federal scheme as envisaged in the Government of
India act 1935.

Code: Poorna Swaraj ki baat ki to Dandi se peeta. Phir Table par baat Ki.
First pe Gandhiji hai Second pe Common Population Third pe World Congress Pakistan ki.
TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY
34. August Offer/ Linglithgow Offer (8 August 1940)
35. Individual Civil Disobedience/ Individual Satyagraha (Oct 1940-Dec 1941)
36. Cripps Mission (March 1942)
37. Quit India Movement (1942)
38. C. Rajagopalachari Formula/C.R. Formula
39. Desai Liaqat Pact
40. Wavell Plan & Shimla Conference (June-July 1945)
41. INA Trial (November 1945)
42. Royal Indian Navy (RIN)/ Rating Mutiny (Feb 1946)
43. Cabinet Mission (March 1946)
44. Interim Government (Sept 1946)
45. Attlee’s Announcement (Feb 1947)
46. Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947)

Code:
August mein Indian Cricket Queen Raj karegi Desh pe.
Wahi se India ka Real Cabinet Interim government ke liye Allocate hoga.
UPSC CSE- PYQ
The Partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in 1905 lasted
until:

A. The First World War when Indian troops were needed by the
British and the partition was ended
B. King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal Durbar in
Delhi in 1911
C. Gandhiji launched his Civil Disobedience Movement
D. The Partition of India in 1947 when East Bengal became East
Pakistan
ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS
S.NO. COUNTRY/COMPANY YEAR

1. PORTUGUESE 1498

2. DUTCH 1602

3. ENGLISH 1608

4. DANES 1616

5. FRENCH 1664

CODE: POUR DU ENDA FRY

Reasons for consistent winning of armies of British East India Company
The entire process of expansion and consolidation of British power in India took almost a
century. Both war and administrative policies were used by English to impose their power
over various kingdoms and finally to consolidate their rule over the entire India.
1. Decision making: The English company was a private enterprise this created a sense of
enthusiasm and self-confidence among the people. With less governmental control over
it, this company could take instant decisions.
2. Finance: In spite of their imperialistic motives the British never neglected their
commercial interest. So they always had funds and consequent sound financial condition
to help them significantly in the wars against their rivals.
3. Superiority of Commanders & support of second line leaders: Robert Clive, Hasting,
Munro, Dalhousie etc. displayed rare qualities of leadership. Secondary leaders like Sir
Eyre Coote, Lord Lake and Arthur Wellesley who fought for the cause and glory of their
country. The Indian side too had brilliant leaders like Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan Madhavrao
Scindia etc. but they often lacked a team of second-line trained personnel.
4. Civil discipline and fair selection system-the company officers & troops were given charge
on the basis of the reliability and skill, not on hereditary or caste & clan ties.
5. Superior Arms, Military and Strategy: the firearms used by English which include muskets
& cannons, were better than Indian arms both in speed of firing and in range.
6. Better military discipline and regular salary which ensured that the officers and the
troops were loyal.
 LEADERS OF 1857 REVOLT
CENTRE BEGINNING INDIAN LEADER BRITISH CODE
DATE SUPPRESSOR
Delhi 11May, 1857 Bahadur Shah II Zafar and John Nicholson Niklo Delhi se
Bakht Khan (Commnanding
General)
Kanpur 4 June, 1857 Nana Sahib and his loyal Colin Campell Kanpur aur Lucknow
commander Tantiya Tope mein Camp

Lucknow 4 June, 1857 Begum Hazrat Mahal Colin Campell

Jhansi 4 June, 1857 Rani Laxmi Bai Huge Rose Rani ko Rose

Allahabad 5 June, 1857 Liyaqat Ali Colonel Neil All Nil Likh do

Jagdishpur August, 1857 Kunwar Singh and Amar Singh William Taylor and Kunwara Amar Tailor
(Bihar) Vincent Eyre ke paas gaya
CIVIL REVOLTS
• Sanyasi Revolt (Bengal, 1780) : led by religious monks against restrictions and ruin of peasantry.
• Kattabomman Revolt (1792-98) : by Vira Pandya Kattabomman against imposition of British
Suzerainty- Code: Vir Pandya ko Khat se bolya.
• Paika Rebellion (Odisha, 1804-06) : led by Bakshi Jagbandhu against British occupation and
revenue policy. Code: Paisa Bakse mein hai.
• Velu Thampi (Travancore, 1805) : led by Velu Thampi against British extortions.
• Kittur Revolt (Karnataka, 1824) : by Chinnama and Ryappa against British interference in Kittur.
Code: Kittu ke Amma aur Appa.
• Pagal Panthis (1825-33) : by Karam Shah and Tipu. Religious Nature - Code: Karam karo Pagalo.
• Faraizi (1838) : by Haji Saraitullah and Dadu Mian for cause of tenants- Code: Farizi Bache Dadu ke
sath Sararat karte hai.
• Satavandi (Maharashtra,1839) : by Phond Savant and Anna Sahib against British Rule. Code: Anna
Sada Phone pe rehta hai.
• Kuka (1840) : by Bhagat Jawahar Mal/ Sain Saheb & Baba Balak Singh in Punjab. Code : Kuware
Balak Jawan hote hai.
• Gadakari (1844) : against revenue policy in Kolhapur- Code: Transport minster NH44 – Kolapur
area.
• Polygar (Tamil Nadu, 1846) : by Narsimha Reddy- Code: Poligar ladne ko ready rehte the.
 PEASANT MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT PLACES YEAR LEADERS Code

Indigo Revolt Bengal 1859 Bishnu Biswas and India mein Bishnu aur
Digambar Biswas Digambar dodo hai.
Pabna Bengal 1870 Ishan Chandra Roy/ -
Bidrohi raja
Deccan Riots Maharashtra 1875 - -
Ramosi Maharashtra 1879 Vasudev Balwant Ram mein Bal hai
Movement Phadke
Champaran Bihar 1917 Gandhiji -

Kheda Gujarat 1918 Gandhiji and -

Vallabh Bhai Patel
Moplah Kerela 1921 Sayyad Ali and Sayyid MoSa
Fazl
Bardoli Gujarat 1928 Vallabh Bhai Patel -
 PEASANT MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT PLACES YEAR LEADERS CODE
Tebhaga Bengal 1946 Kamparan Singh, Nyamat Nayaya maanga Kampte hue
Ali Tebhiyat mein
Punnapra-Waylar Travancore 1946 - -
Telangana Andhra 1946 Kumaraiya and Sundaraiya Sunder Kumar Tel ka business
Pradesh karta hai
UP Kisan Sabha UP 1918 Indra Narayan Dwivedi, Mishra Dwivedi UP mei jyada
Gauri Shankar Mishra hai

Avadh Kisan UP 1920 Baba Ramchandra Avadh region ke raja

Sabha Ramchandra ji the
Eka Movement Avadh 1921 Madari Pasi Madari ka khel dekhne ke liye
log Ek sath aa jate hai
Forest Satyagraha South India 1931 NV Rama Naidu, N G Ranga Rama Ran karke Forest mein
gaye
All India Kisan Lucknow 1936 Sahajanada Saraswati All Indian Kisan Sahaj sabhav
Sabha ke hote hai
 CASTE MOVEMENTS AND ORGANISATIONS
MOVEMENT/ORGANIZATION Year Place FOUNDER CODE

Satya Shodhak Samaj 1873 Maharashtra Jyotiba Phule Satya bolne se phalte
Phulte hai
Aravippuram Movement 1888 Aravippuram Shri Narayan Guru Aravail -Gurushikar
Shri Narayan Dharma Paripalana 1902- Kerela Shri Narayan Guru, Padama awards given
Yogam (S.N.D.P) Movement 1903 Dr.Padamanabhan Palpu by President Narayan
The Depressed Class Mission Society 1906 Bombay V. R. Shinde Mission pe Shine karo

Bahujan Samaj 1910 Satara, Mukundrao Patil Bhau Mukhi

Maharashtra
Justice (Party) Movement 1915- Madras, Tamil C. N. Mudaliar T. M. Nair MNC Justice nahi karti
1916 Nadu and P. Tyagraja Chetti
Depressed Class Welfare Institute 1924 Bombay B. R. Ambedkar B-B
(Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha)
Self Respect Movement 1925 Madras E. V. Ramaswami Naikar Ram ji Self respect thi
‘Periyar’ isliye Banvas.
Harijan Sevak Sangh 1932 Pune Mahatma Gandhi -
 TRIBAL REVOLTS
TRIBAL YEAR LEADERS CAUSE CODE
REVOLT
Chaur 1766-72 Raja Jagannath Excess Revenue Jaganath mandir mein
demand, Bengal Chauri hui
famine
Bhils 1817-19 Sewaram Agrarian hardship Bhils ki Sewa karo
Ramosi 1822 Chittur Singh, Pratap British Rule Ram ki Mausi Chatur hai
Singh, Dattaraya
Patkar
Ahom 1828-33 Gomadhar Kunwar British occupation Kunwar mein Aham hai

Khasi 1829-32 Tirot Sing British occupation Truth bolte waqt Khasi nahi
aati

Kol 1831-32 Buddhu Bhagat Land tranfer to Coal ko Buddhu log jalate
Uprising outsiders hai

Santhals 1855-56 Sidhu and Kanhu British Rule Siddhu aur Kapil Saath
show chalate hai
 TRIBAL REVOLTS
TRIBAL YEAR LEADERS CAUSE CODE
REVOLT
Bhuyan and 1867-68 Ratna Naik, Dhani Against Installation of Bhumi se Ratan Nikalte hai
Juang Dhar Naik British protégé on throne

Kacha Nagas 1882 Sambhuden Against British intervention Shambu ke gale mein Nag
Munda 1899 Birsa Munda Land system, Missionary -
(Ulgulan) activity and forced labour

Bhils 1913 Govind Guru Go Bi

Oraons Revolt 1914 Jatra Bhagat & Tana Religious Reasons Or Ja Tan Baki hai abhi
Bhagat

Chenchus 1921-22 K. Hanumanthu British control of forests Hanuman ji Chanchal the

Koyas/Rampas 1922-24 Alluri Sitaram Raju British Rule Ram aur Sita

Naga 1932 Rani Gaidinliu A reformist movement later -

directed against excess of
British rule
 PYQs – UPSC CSE
Q Which amongst the following provided a common factor for tribal
insurrection in India in the 19th century?
a. Introduction of a new system of land revenue and taxation on tribal products
b. Influence of foreign religious missionaries in tribal areas
c. Rise of a large number of money lenders, traders and revenue farmers as
middlemen in tribal areas
d. The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities.

Q With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult is

the description of which of the following events?
a. The Revolt of 1857
b. The Mappila Rebellion of 1921
c. The Indigo Revolt of 1859 - 60
d.Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899 - 1900
GOVERNOR GENERAL & VICEROYS
1. Warren Hastings (1774-85) – become Governor General through Regulating Act, 1773
2. Lord Cornwallis (1786-93) – Introduced Permanent Settlement in Bengal, Father of Civil Service in
India.
3. Sir Jhon Shore (1793-98)
4. Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) – Started Subsidiary Alliance (1798), Nizam of Hyderabad- first to accept
5. Sir George Barlow (1805-07)
6. Lord Minto I (1807-13) – Charter Act of 1813 was passed
7. Lord Hastings (1813-23)- introduced Ryotwari settlement in Madras by Thomas Munro (Governor)
8. Lord Amherst (1823-28)- First Burmese War (1824-26)
9. Lord William Bentinck (1828-35) – Abolition of Sati, Suppression of thugi, Charter Act 1833, father
of Modern Western Education in India, Macaulay’s minutes on Education accepted.
10. Lord Metcalfe (1835-36) – Press law was passed , which liberated the Press in India.
11. Lord Auckland (1836-42) – First Anglo-Afghan War
12.Lord Ellenborough (1842-44)
13.Lord Hardinge I (1844-48) – Abolition of Female infanticide & human sacrifice.
Code: Warren Hastings name of a rat. Eating Corn near Shore. Felt thirsty so reached near Well.
Started Burrowing – didn’t find water but get Minto fresh. It didn’t hesitate & took it. Then took Rest
and Bent its body. After that drink Nescafe and start searching Land to Burrow again but now the
surface is Hard.
GOVERNOR GENERAL
14. Lord Dalhousie (1847-1856) – Doctrine of Lapse (1847), First Railway line(1853), Wood’s Education Despatch(1854), Widow
Remarriage Act, 1856
15. Lord Canning (1856-57) – Revolt of 1857
VICEROYS
1. Lord Canning(1858-62) –transfer of control from East India company to the Crown, Government of India Act, 1858.
2. Lord Elgin I (1862-63) – Wahabi Movement
3. Lord John Lawrence (1864-69) – High Courts set up at Calcutta, Bombay & Madras.
4. Lord Mayo (1869-72) – Financial Decentralisation.
5. Lord Northbrook (1872-76) – Kuka Movement in Punjab
6. Lord Lytton (1876-80) – appointment of famine commission under the Richard Strachey, Vernacular Press Act, Arms Act.
7. Lord Ripon (1880-84) – First factory act (1881), Repeal of Vernacular press act(1882), Resolution of Local Self Government in
1882, Appointed Hunter commission (education reforms ) 1882, Ilbert Bill controversy (1883-84).
8. Lord Dufferin (1884-88) – establishment of Indian national Congress.
9. Lord Lansdowne (1888-94) – Factory Act 1891, Durand Commission (1893) – India & Afghanistan.
10. Lord Elgin II (1894-99) – Lyall commission appointed after famine (1897).
11.Lord Curzon (1899-1905) – Calcutta Corporation Act 1899, Appointment of Police commission (1902) under Sir Andrew
Fraser, Universities commission (1902), Partition of Bengal (1905).
Code: Train Started by Dalhousie, uski train ke taar Cut kar diye rat ne. Phir Algae laga kar chipkaya. Train mein John aur Mayo
drinking Brooke Bond & Lipton tea. T.T. came and ask for ticket. He show his choti on which Ribbon was their as lord keep big
hairs. While touching his hair he realise there is dandruff due to downward falling of algae which also made his hair curly.
VICEROYS
12. Lord Minto II (1905-10) – Swadeshi movement (1905-08), foundation of Muslim league
(1906), Surat Session(1907), Newspaper Act(1908), Morley Minto reforms,1909
13. Lord Hardinge II (1910-16) – Annulment of partition of Bengal, Transfer of capital from
Calcutta to Delhi.
14. Lord Chelmsford (1916-21) – Home rule League, Lucknow pact, Rowlatt Act (1919),
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre(1919), Non-Cooperation Movement & Khilafat Movement
15. Lord Reading (1921-26) – Moplah Rebellion in Kerala, Est. of Swaraj Party
16. Lord Irwin (1926-31) – Simon Commission, Dandi March, Civil Disobedience Movement,
First Round Table Conference
17. Lord Willingdon (1931-36) – MacDonald’s Communal Award, establishment of All India
Kisan Sabha and Congress Socialist party
18. Lord Linlithgow (1936-43) – August offer, Cripps Mission, Quit India Movement
19. Lord Wavell (1944-47) – INA trials, Wavell Plan, Shimla Conference.
20. Lord Mountbatten (1947-48) - 3 June 1947 Plan, Indian Independence Bill.

Code: In order to make his hair straight took Minto fresh but by this his hair become Hard.
Then he went into his Ford car and start Reading a book hoping It Will have method to make
his hair Light & Wavy.
IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
YEAR PLACE PRESIDENT IMPORTANCE
1885 Bombay W.C. Bonnerjee First session, 72 delegates, objective of the Congress outlined.
1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji Merger of national Congress and national conference.
1887 Madras Syed Badruddin Tyabji Appeal made to Muslims to join hands with other national leaders.
Tyabji become first Muslim President.
1888 Allahabad Geogre Yule Geogre Yule become first English President.
1889 Bombay William Wedderburn Congress represented all areas of British India.
1905 Benaras Gopal Krishna Gokhale Expressed resentment against the partition of Bengal.
1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji The word “Swaraj” mentioned for the first time.
1907 Surat Rash Behari Ghosh Split in the Congress into the moderates and the extremist.
1908 Madras Rash Behari Ghosh Constitution of the Congress drawn.
1909 Lahore Madan Mohan Malviya Express disapproval over formation of separate electorates on the
basis of religion.
1911 Calcutta Bishan Narayan Dhar
1916 Lucknow A.C. Majumdar Reunion of Congress factions. Pact with Muslim league/Lucknow Pact
1917 Calcutta Annie Besant Annie Besant become first women president.
1919 Amritsar Motilal Nehru Condemned the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
IMPORTANT SESSIONS OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
YEAR PLACE PRESIDENT IMPORTANCE
1920 Nagpur C. Vijayaraghavachariar A new constitution for the Congress framed.
1921 Ahmedabad C.R. Das (in prison) Hakim Ajmal Khan (acting president)
1922 Gaya C.R. Das Formation of Swaraj party.
1924 Belgaum M.K. Gandhi Only session presided by Mahatma Gandhi ji
1925 Kanpur Sarojini Naidu First Indian women president.
1927 Madras M.A. Ansari Nehru and Bose moved resolution for independence and it was adopted.
Resolved to boycott Simon commission
1928 Calcutta Moti Lal Nehru Formation of first all India youth Congress.
1929 Lahore Jawahar Lal Nehru Poorna Swaraj resolution passed, authorized working committee to
launch Civil Disobedience Program.
1931 Karachi Vallabhbhai Patel Endorsement of Gandhi Irwin pact, resolution on Fundamental Rights and
National Economic Program passed.
1934 Bombay Rajendra Prasad Formation of Congress Socialist party.
1936 Lucknow Jawahar Lal Nehru President's urge to the Congress to adopt socialism as its goal
1937 Faizpur Jawahar Lal Nehru First Session to be held in a village.
1938 Haripura S.C. Bose National Planning committee set up under the chairmanship of J.L. Nehru
1939 Tripuri S.C. Bose Resignation of S.C. Bose and Rajendra Prasad become president.
 PYQs – UPSC CSE
Q Consider the following statements [2015]
i) The first woman President of the Indian National Congress
was Sarojini Naidu.
ii) The first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress
was Badruddin Tyabji.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
a) i only
b) ii only
c) Both i and ii
d) Neither i nor ii
NEWSPAPERS & JOURNALS
Name of the Paper/Journal Year & Place of Publishing Name of the Founder/Editor

Bengal Gazette 1780, Calcutta James Augustus Hickey

Indian Gazette 1787, Calcutta Henry Vivian Derozio

Sambad Kaumudi (weekly in Bengali) 1821 Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Mirat-ul Akbar (First journal in Persian) 1822, Calcutta Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Banga-Duta ( A weekly in four languages- English, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dwarka Nath
1822, Calcutta
Bengali, Persian, Hindi) Tagore
Bombay Times (from 1861 onwards, The Times of India) 1838, Bombay Robert Knight and Thomas Bennett

Rast Goftar (A Gujarati fortnightly) 1851 Dadabhai Naoroji

Hindu Patriot 1853, Calcutta Girishchandra Ghosh

Somprakasha 1858, Calcutta Dwarkanath Vidyabhushan

Indian Mirror 1862, Calcutta Devendranath Tagore and NN Sen

Bengalee (this and Amrita Bazar Patrika- the first Girishchandra Ghosh (taken over by SN
1862, Calcutta
vernacular papers) Banerjea in 1879)
National Paper 1865, Calcutta Devendra Nath Tagore
Amrita Bazar Patrika (Bengali in the beginning and later
1868, Jessore District Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
on English Daily)
NEWSPAPERS & JOURNALS
Name of the Paper/Journal Year & Place of Publishing Name of the Founder/Editor
Tagzin-ul-Akhlaq (journal) 1871 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Bangadarshana 1873, Calcutta Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
The Statesman 1875, Calcutta Robert Knight
GS Aiyar, Viraraghavchari and Subba
The Hindu 1878, Madras
Rao Pandit
The Tribune 1881, Lahore Dayal Singh Majeetia
Kesari (Marathi daily) and Maharatta
1881, Bombay Tilak, Chiplunkar, Agarkar
(English Weekly)
Swadeshamitran 1882,Madras GS Aiyar
Paridasak (Weekly) 1886 Bipin Chandra Pal
Sudharak 1888, Pune Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
Barindra Kumar Ghosh and
Yugantar 1906, Bengal
Bhupendranath Dutta
Sandhya 1906, Bengal Brhamanabandab Upadhay
Indian Sociologist London Syamji Krishna Verma
Kudi Arasu (Tamil) 1910 E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)
NEWSPAPERS & JOURNALS
Name of the Paper/Journal Year & Place of Publishing Name of the Founder/Editor
Bande Matram Paris Madam Bhikaji Cama
Free Hindustan Vancouver Taraknath Das
Ghadr San Francisco Ghadar Party
Talwar Berlin Virendrnath Chattopadhay
Pherozshahs Mehta, BG
Bombay Chronical (a daily) 1913, Bombay
Horniman
Young India (Weekly Journal) 1919 M K Gandhi
KM Pannikkar as a part of Akali
The Hindustan Times 1920, Delhi
Dal Movement
Bandi Jivan 1922, Bengal Sachindranath Sanyal
Bahishkrit Bharat 1927 BR Ambedkar
Nav Jeevan (Weekly Newspaper) 1929 M K Gandhi
Harijan (Weekly Journal) 1931 M K Gandhi
Hindustan Dainik 1936 Madan Mohan Malviya
National Herald 1938, Delhi Jawaharlal Nehru