UNIT-V Regular Expression, Rollover and Frames

VJ TECH ACADEMY – JAVASCRIPT NOTES
VJTECH ACADEMY
Client Side Scripting ( JavaScript )
Prepared As Per MSBTE I Schema Syllabus
Author:
“Prof. Vishal Jadhav”
[ BE in Computer Engineering and Having 10 years of IT industry experience (Worked in
Capgemini, Amdocs & currently working in TIBCO Software) ]
JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 1

UNIT 5 – Regular Expression, Rollover and Frames
5.1 Regular Expression – Language of regular expression, Finding non-

matching characters, Entering a range of characters, Matching digits and
non-digits, Matching punctuations and symbols, Matching words, Replacing
a text using regular expressions, Returning the matched characters, Regular
expression properties.
5.2 Frames – Create a frame, Invisible borders of frame, calling a child
windows, changing a content and focus of child window, writing to a child
window, accessing elements of another window.
5.3 Rollover – Creating rollover, text rollover, Multiple actions for rollover,
more efficient rollover.

 Regular Expression :
Regular expression (regex) is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern. It is

used to search, edit, or manipulate text and data. Regex is used in many different programming
languages and text editors.
 Use Of Regular Expressions :

- Regular expression is a pattern used to match character combinations in strings.
- In JavaScript, regular expressions are also objects.
- These patterns are used with the exec() and test() methods of RegExp, and with the match(),
matchAll(), replace(), replaceAll(), search(), and split() methods of String.
 Creating a regular expression

- There are two ways to create a regular expression in JavaScript:
1. Regular expression literal (preferred way) [/pattern/flags].
2. Regular expression constructor function [new RegExp(pattern[, flags]) ].
Where we Need RegExp (example)

1. Regular expression literal { recommended }

- In JavaScript, regular expression literals are created by enclosing the pattern in forward
slashes (‘ / ’ ) and optional flags.
1. Syntax:
 In JavaScript, a regular expression literal has the following syntax: /pattern/flags,
where:
- / : Delimiters, indicating the start and end of the regular expression literal.
- pattern: The regular expression pattern you want to match.
- flags: Optional flags that modify how the regular expression behaves.
2. Pattern :
 The pattern is enclosed between two forward slashes.
 The pattern can consist of one or more literals, operators, or constructs.
 For example, /abc/ is a regular expression pattern.
 The pattern /abc/ matches character combinations in strings only when exactly the
characters 'abc' occur together and in that order.
3. Flags :
 Flags are optional parameters that are used to perform case insensitive and global
searches.
 Flags are specified after the closing slash of the regular expression.
 There are three flags in JavaScript:
- g: global match
- i: case-insensitive match
- m: multiline match
- Example with flags:
- /pattern/g : Searches for all occurrences of pattern in the text.
- /word/i : Matches "word" regardless of case (e.g., "Word," "WORD," "word").

4. Testing Regular Expressions :

- You can test regular expressions using methods like test() and match() on strings in
JavaScript to check if a pattern matches or extract matched substrings.
Special
Description
Char/Symbols
It can match the beginning of a line anywhere within the given

^
expression.
It can match the end of a line anywhere within the given
$
expression.
* Matches 0 or more occurrences of the preceding character or group.
Matches 0 or 1 occurrence of the preceding character or group.
?
Matches one or more occurrences of the preceding character or

+
group.
. (dot) Matches any single character except a newline.
[] Can be used to specify matching lists
() Creates a capturing group for a sub-expression.
\b Can be used for Matching word boundaries
\B Can be used for Matching non- worded boundaries
{m} Can be used for matching m times
{m,} Can be used for matching m times only
Can be used to match at least m times, but for a maximum of n

{m,n}
times.
for more info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_expressions/Cheatsheet

 Object Methods Of Regular Expression :
1. “test(string)” method :
- This method checks if a string contains a match for the regular expression pattern.
- It returns ‘true’ if a match is found and ‘false’ otherwise.
- Example :
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var pattern = /apple/;
var text = "I love apples.";
alert(“Your Result Is : ”+pattern.test(text)); // Output: true
</script>
2. “exec(string)” method :
- exec() searches for a match in the given string and returns an array containing
information about the match.
- If no match is found, it returns null.
- The returned array includes the matched text, index, and input string.
- Example :
var pattern = /apple/;
var text = "I love apples and apples are delicious.";
var result = pattern.exec(text);
document.write(result);
// Output: ["apple", index: 7, input: "I love apples and apples are
delicious."]
</script>

3. “match(string)” method :
- This method searches for all matches of a regular expression pattern in the given string.
- It returns an array containing all the matched substrings.
- Example :
var pattern = /apple/g;
var result = text.match(pattern);
document.write(result); // Output: ["apple", "apple"]
</script>
4. “search(string)” method :
- search() searches for a match in the given string and returns the index of the first match.
If no match is found, it returns -1.
- Example :
var pattern = /apples/;
var result = text.search(pattern);
alert("First index of apples: " + result);
</script>
5. “replace(string, replacement)” method :

- The replace() method allows you to replace matched substrings in a string with a
specified replacement string.
- It returns a new string with replacements made.
- Example:
<var pattern = /apples/g;
var newText = text.replace(pattern, "oranges");
document.write(newText); //Output:"I love oranges and oranges are delicious"

 Examples Of Regular Expression :
1. Find non-matching characters in a string using regular expressions

<html>
<head>
<title>Non Matching Character</title>
</head>
<body>
Enter a string: <input type="text" id="str" />
<input type="button" value="Find" onclick="find()" />
<script>
function find() {
var str = document.getElementById("str").value;
var pattern = /[^a-z]/gmi;
var result = str.match(pattern);
// returns an array of all the non-matching characters
alert("Non Matching Character: " + result);
}
</script>
</body>
 Output

In regular expressions, you can define a range of characters using

square brackets “[ ]” and a hyphen “-”. This range allows you to match any
character that falls within the specified range.
2. Matching Digits or Find Digits
<html>
<body>
function find() {
var pattern = /[0-9]/gmi;
var result1 = pattern.test(str);

// returns true if any matching digit is found (way 1)
console.log(result1);
// returns an array of all the matching digits (way 2)

var result2 = str.match(pattern);
alert("Matching Digits: " + result2);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
 Output

3. Matching Word
<html>
<body>
Enter Text:<input type="text" id="tf1">
<input type="button" name="b1" value="Check" onclick="CheckOperation()">
function CheckOperation() {
var regex = /\w{2}/gmi;
var str = document.getElementById("tf1").value;
var result = regex.test(str);
alert("Regular Expression Result:" + result);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
 Output

4. Matching Characters
<html>
<body>
function find() {
var pattern = /[abc]/gmi;
// matches any of the characters a, b or c
var result = pattern.test(str);
// returns true if any matching character is found
alert("Matching Character: " + result);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
 Output

5. Finding/Checking Whitespace Characters

<html>
<head>
<title>Finding/Checking Character</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function find() {
var pattern = /\s/gmi; // matches any whitespace character
var result = pattern.test(str);// returns true if any matching
character is found
alert("Matching Character: " + result);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
 Output

6. Email Validation :
<html>
<head>
<title>Email Validation</title>
</head>
<body>
function CheckOperation()
{
var regex=/^\w+([-.]?\w+)*@\w+([-.]?\w+)*.\w+([-.]\w+)*$/;
var str=document.getElementById("tf1").value;
var result=regex.test(str);
alert("Regular Expression Result: "+result);
}
</script>
Enter Text:<input type="text" id="tf1">
</body>
</html>
7. Mobile No Validation :
<html>
<body>
Enter Your Mobile No :<input type="text" id="tf1">
function CheckOperation() {
var regex = /^[0-9]{10}$/;
var str = document.getElementById("tf1").value;
var result = regex.test(str);
if (result == true) {
alert("Valid Mobile No");
} else {
alert("Invalid Mobile No");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Questions For Students :

- What does the ‘*’ quantifier mean in a regular expression?
- How would you match one or more digits in a regular expression?
- How can you perform a case-insensitive search using a regular expression in JavaScript?
- What is the purpose of the [] (square brackets) in a regular expression?
- How do you match any character except a digit using a character class?
- What is the difference between the test() and match() methods for regular expressions in
JavaScript?
- How do you replace all occurrences of a pattern in a string using regular expressions?

 Frames :
In HTML and JavaScript, frames are a way to divide a web page into multiple independent
sections, each of which can display a separate HTML document or web page. Frames were
widely used in early web development but have become less common due to various limitations
and compatibility issues. Instead, modern web development often relies on other techniques like
CSS layouts and iframes. However, it's still useful to understand how frames work in HTML
and JavaScript.
1. Creating Frame
- To create frames in HTML, you use the <frameset> element. Inside the <frameset>, you
define individual frames using the <frame> or <iframe> elements. The <frameset> element
is used to define the layout of frames on a web page.
- Example :
<html>
<head>
<title>Main Frame</title>
</head>
<frameset rows="50%, 50%">
<frame src="frame1.html">
</frameset>
</html>

HTML Frameset Syntax
1. “<frameset>” This tag defines the layout for frames.

- rows attribute : Defines the height of each row of frames.
- cols attribute : Defines the width of each column of frames.
- Example of frameset with 2 rows


</frameset>
2. <frame>: Within a <frameset>, you use <frame> tags to define individual frames. Each
<frame> tag specifies the source document (src) for the frame.
- Example:
</frameset>
- In this example, the web page is divided into two frames, each loading a separate HTML
document ( frame1.html and frame2.html ).
3. Invisible Frame Border :

- To create an invisible frame border in HTML, you can use the frameborder attribute in
the <frameset> element and set it to "0". This will remove the visible border around the
frame, effectively making it invisible.
- Example
<frameset rows="50%, 50%" frameborder="0">

</frameset>

Frame Examples
1. Accessing And Changing content of child window
<-- Main.html -->

<html>
<head>
<title>Main Frame</title>
</head>
<frameset cols="50%, 50%">
<frame src="frame1.html" name="frame1">
</frameset>
</html>
<-- Frame1.html -->

<html>
<body>
<h2>This Is Frame 1</h2>
<button onclick="display()">Send Data</button>
function display()
{
parent.frame2.document.getElementById("tf1").value="Vishal Jadhav";
parent.frame2.document.getElementById("tf2").value="9730087674";
parent.frame2.focus();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
<-- Frame2.html -->

<<html>
<body>
Full Name : <input type="text" id="tf1" value="">
Contact Number : <input type="text" id="tf2" value="">
</body>
</html>

 Output :

2. Calling child window functions and writing on it.
<-- Main.html -->

<html>
<head>
<title>Main File</title>
</head>
</frameset>
</html>
<-- Frame1.html -->

<html>
<body>
<input type="button" value="Call Function" onclick="parent.frame2.display()">
</body>
</html>
<-- Frame2.html -->

<html>
<body>
<-- This is the function that will be called by frame 1 -->
function display()
{
document.write("This function is called by frame 1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

 Output :

3. Changing Dynamically Source Of Frame.
<-- Main.html -->

<html>
<head>
<title>Main File</title>
</head>
</frameset>
</html>
<-- Frame1.html -->

<html>
<body>
<button onclick="changeSource()">Open Login Page</button>

function changeSource()
{
parent.frame2.location.href="login.html";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
<-- Frame2.html -->

<html>
<body>
</body>
</html>

<-- login.html -->

<html>
<head>
<title>login page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>User Login </h2>
Enter your username: <br><input type="text" id="name"> <br><br>
Enter your password: <br><input type="password" id="password"> <br><br>
<input type="button" value="Login">
</body>
</html>
 Output :

 Rollover :
- Rollover is a JavaScript/Web technique used by Web developers to produce an effect in

which the appearance of a graphical image changes when the user rolls the mouse pointer
over it.
- Rollover also refers to a button on a Web page that allows interactivity between the user and
the Web page.
- It causes the button to react by either replacing the source image at the button with another
image or redirecting it to a different Web page.
1. Creating A Rollover & Rollback

- A rollover is caused by an event called onmouseover and occurs when a visitor to your web
site moves the mouse over an object that appears on the page.
- An object can be an image, text, or any element of a form. You react to the onmouseover
event by using the onmouseover attribute of an HTML tag that defines the object on the
web page and then assign to the onmouseover attribute the action you want performed when
the event occurs.
- The action can assign a new value to an attribute of an object, call a method of an object, or
call a JavaScript function.
- Note :“Rollback is same as rollover just difference is Rollback occurs when an
“onmouseout” event trigger’s”
- Example “Image Rollover & Rollback” :
<html>
<body>
<h2>Image RollOver</h2>
<a><img src="css.png" onmouseover="src='ajava.png'"
onmouseout="src='css.png'" width="500"></a>
</body>
</html>

 Example : Text Rollover :

<html>
<head>
<title>Text RollOver</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Text RollOver </h1><br>
<h2>
<span>--|</span>
<a onmouseover="document.vjtech.src='html.png'">Html</a>
<span>|</span>
<a onmouseover="document.vjtech.src='javascript.png'">JavaScript</a>
<span>|--</span>
</h2>
<br><br>
<a><img src="vjtech.png" name="vjtech"></a>
</body>
</html>
 Output :
without mouseover mouseover on JavaScript

 Example : Multiple Action On Rollover :

<html>
<head>
function display1() {
document.vjtech.src = "Apple.jpg";
document.getElementById("p1").innerHTML = "Apple Image";
}
function display2() {
document.vjtech.src = "PineApple.jpg";
document.getElementById("p1").innerHTML = "PineApple Image";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Image RollOver </h1><br>
<h2>
<span>--|</span>
<a onmouseover="display1()">Apple</a>
<span>|</span>
<a onmouseover="display2()">PineApple</a>
<span>|--</span>
</h2><br><br>
<a><img src="vjtech.png" name="vjtech"></a>
<h3 id="p1">JavaScript Banner displayed</h3>
</body>
</html>

 Example : More Efficient Rollover:

<html>
<head>
<title>More Efficient Rollover</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" width="40%" height="150px">
<tr>
<th>Book Name</th>
<th>Author</th>
<th>Price</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td onmouseover="showBook1('Java Programming')">Java Programming</td>
<td>E Balagurusamy</td>
<td>200/-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td onmouseover="showBook2('C Programming')">C Programming</td>
<td>Dennis Ritchie</td>
<td>150/-</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
function showBook1(name) {
alert("This is : "+name+" Book !!!");
}
function showBook2(name) {
alert("This is : "+name+" Book !!!");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

 Some of the key features of rollover include (also home work) :

- Enables interaction between the user and the Web page.
- Makes an image appear or disappear when the mouse is moved over it.
- Makes a hidden image or element to appear when the mouse is moved over it.
- Makes an element of the page change the color of the entire Web page when the mouse is
moved over it.
- Causes text to pop up or become highlighted with bold colors when the mouse is moved on a
text element.

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VJ TECH ACADEMY – JAVASCRIPT NOTES

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 1

UNIT 5 – Regular Expression, Rollover and Frames

5.1 Regular Expression – Language of regular expression, Finding non-

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 2

Regular expression (regex) is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern. It is

 Use Of Regular Expressions :

 Creating a regular expression

Where we Need RegExp (example)

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 3

1. Regular expression literal { recommended }

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 4

4. Testing Regular Expressions :

It can match the beginning of a line anywhere within the given

Matches one or more occurrences of the preceding character or

. (dot) Matches any single character except a newline.

[] Can be used to specify matching lists

() Creates a capturing group for a sub-expression.

\b Can be used for Matching word boundaries

\B Can be used for Matching non- worded boundaries

{m} Can be used for matching m times

{m,} Can be used for matching m times only

Can be used to match at least m times, but for a maximum of n

for more info: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_expressions/Cheatsheet

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 5

 Object Methods Of Regular Expression :

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 6

5. “replace(string, replacement)” method :

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 7

 Examples Of Regular Expression :

1. Find non-matching characters in a string using regular expressions

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 8

In regular expressions, you can define a range of characters using

2. Matching Digits or Find Digits

var result1 = pattern.test(str);

// returns an array of all the matching digits (way 2)

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 9

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 10

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 11

5. Finding/Checking Whitespace Characters

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 12

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 13

Questions For Students :

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 14

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 15

HTML Frameset Syntax

1. “<frameset>” This tag defines the layout for frames.

<frameset rows="50%, 50%">

3. Invisible Frame Border :

<frameset rows="50%, 50%" frameborder="0">

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 16

1. Accessing And Changing content of child window

<-- Main.html -->

<-- Frame1.html -->

<-- Frame2.html -->

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 17

JavaScript Notes ( VJTech Academy, contact us: +91-9730087674 ) Page 18

2. Calling child window functions and writing on it.

<-- Main.html -->

<-- Frame1.html -->